D. The Origin of Vascular Plants
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf ...
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf ...
Unit 13 Plants Chp 29 Plant Evolution Notes
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf ...
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf ...
Identifying Landscape Plants - UNL, Go URL
... Figure 2. Some plant families are easy to identify because of similar morphological characteristics that are easily observed, such as the Asteraceae family, which has composite flowers with many ray and/or disk flowers (a). Other times, plants can easily be classified to genus because of their fruit ...
... Figure 2. Some plant families are easy to identify because of similar morphological characteristics that are easily observed, such as the Asteraceae family, which has composite flowers with many ray and/or disk flowers (a). Other times, plants can easily be classified to genus because of their fruit ...
botany - Textbooks Online
... Understanding the concept is more important than rote memory. Science may be learnt by rote, but wisdom not. Hence, it is desired to make the students understand the subject thoroughly, so that they can putforth their ideas clearly. In order to make the learning of Botany more interesting and thorou ...
... Understanding the concept is more important than rote memory. Science may be learnt by rote, but wisdom not. Hence, it is desired to make the students understand the subject thoroughly, so that they can putforth their ideas clearly. In order to make the learning of Botany more interesting and thorou ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... Figure S-10. Localization of the shoot apex gene products in the cellular components.149 ...
... Figure S-10. Localization of the shoot apex gene products in the cellular components.149 ...
az Gymnosperms.wpd
... brown layer derived? The white tissue exposed is female gametophyte. To expose the embryo, dig your thumb nails into the tissue and rip the structure in two. This should clearly reveal the embryo inside. Identify the cotyledons and the central axis of the stem and root. Take the slide “Pinus: embryo ...
... brown layer derived? The white tissue exposed is female gametophyte. To expose the embryo, dig your thumb nails into the tissue and rip the structure in two. This should clearly reveal the embryo inside. Identify the cotyledons and the central axis of the stem and root. Take the slide “Pinus: embryo ...
BIJA Tea bro CanUS0206.indd
... peoples have long known echinacea to be an effective healing herb. Today, research confirms that echinacea can stimulate the immune system. This tea mixes three different kinds of Echinacea with Elderberry, (a healing plant that has been used for centuries to ward off illness), cleansing cranberry, ...
... peoples have long known echinacea to be an effective healing herb. Today, research confirms that echinacea can stimulate the immune system. This tea mixes three different kinds of Echinacea with Elderberry, (a healing plant that has been used for centuries to ward off illness), cleansing cranberry, ...
Agavaceae
... The moth acts as the pollinator spreading pollen between plants. The moth lays eggs in the developing fruits and the larvae eat a portion of the seeds, but leave some for future seedling development. ...
... The moth acts as the pollinator spreading pollen between plants. The moth lays eggs in the developing fruits and the larvae eat a portion of the seeds, but leave some for future seedling development. ...
Chapter 39 Plant Hormones (working)
... The effects of ethylene include response to mechanical stress, senescence, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening ...
... The effects of ethylene include response to mechanical stress, senescence, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening ...
inflorescence erecto-patent, twice as long as, linear, 1 mm wide bracts
... 11a Leaves ovate to ellipsoid, 15-45(-50)x8-25(-30) mm, with long hairs; inflo rescence with patent glandular hairs; capsules with soft glandular hairs 9. V. officinalis 1 lb Leaves narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, (5-) 15-20 (-30)x(l-) 3-5 (-8) mm, with short hairs; inflorescence hairy, without gland ...
... 11a Leaves ovate to ellipsoid, 15-45(-50)x8-25(-30) mm, with long hairs; inflo rescence with patent glandular hairs; capsules with soft glandular hairs 9. V. officinalis 1 lb Leaves narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, (5-) 15-20 (-30)x(l-) 3-5 (-8) mm, with short hairs; inflorescence hairy, without gland ...
Document
... – parts spirally arranged rather than in whorls (rings) – parts separate, not fused to similar or different parts – ovary superior – radial symmetry. Magnolia flower ...
... – parts spirally arranged rather than in whorls (rings) – parts separate, not fused to similar or different parts – ovary superior – radial symmetry. Magnolia flower ...
Biology, 8th Edition
... Roots have root caps and root hairs Because of the need to adapt to the soil environment instead of the atmospheric environment, roots have several structures, such as root caps and root hairs, that shoots lack. Although stems and leaves have various types of hairs, they are distinct from root hairs ...
... Roots have root caps and root hairs Because of the need to adapt to the soil environment instead of the atmospheric environment, roots have several structures, such as root caps and root hairs, that shoots lack. Although stems and leaves have various types of hairs, they are distinct from root hairs ...
Kingdoms of Life
... characteristic of a living thing. Scientists look at body form and how an organism gets food. They observe if it moves from place to place. They also study the number of cells, if the cell has a nucleus, and cell parts. For many years, scientists could not agree on a way to classify living things. P ...
... characteristic of a living thing. Scientists look at body form and how an organism gets food. They observe if it moves from place to place. They also study the number of cells, if the cell has a nucleus, and cell parts. For many years, scientists could not agree on a way to classify living things. P ...
topic #3: angiosperm morphology and flowering
... produce seeds—are either homosporous or heterosporous. And, finally, note that a homosporous species, with a single type of spore, produces only one kind of gametophyte, which must be bisexual (in contrast to a heterosporous species, in which the two kinds of spores give rise to two kinds of gametop ...
... produce seeds—are either homosporous or heterosporous. And, finally, note that a homosporous species, with a single type of spore, produces only one kind of gametophyte, which must be bisexual (in contrast to a heterosporous species, in which the two kinds of spores give rise to two kinds of gametop ...
The Seed Plants - FacultyWeb Support Center
... summarizes the major differences between the clades of flowering plants: monocots and eudicots. Kingdom Plantae Phylum Anthophyta (2 clades: monocots and eudicots) ...
... summarizes the major differences between the clades of flowering plants: monocots and eudicots. Kingdom Plantae Phylum Anthophyta (2 clades: monocots and eudicots) ...
CMG GardenNotes #134 Plant Structures
... Bract – Specialized, often highly colored leaf below flower that often serves to lure pollinators (poinsettia, dogwood). Thorn – Modified leaf (barberry, pyracantha). Tendril – Modified sinuous leaf used for climbing or as an attachment mechanism (Virginia creeper, peas, grapes). ...
... Bract – Specialized, often highly colored leaf below flower that often serves to lure pollinators (poinsettia, dogwood). Thorn – Modified leaf (barberry, pyracantha). Tendril – Modified sinuous leaf used for climbing or as an attachment mechanism (Virginia creeper, peas, grapes). ...
Roots
... The primary root branches to form lateral roots, which improve anchorage and water absorption ...
... The primary root branches to form lateral roots, which improve anchorage and water absorption ...
Evolutionary significance of bryophytes - Beck-Shop
... the egg, must remain enclosed in the archegonium. Physical and physiological constraints on matrotrophy may be such that only plants carrying a single egg in their archegonium provide such care. In bryophytes, the maternal plant initiates, upon fertilization, a protective sheath derived from the gam ...
... the egg, must remain enclosed in the archegonium. Physical and physiological constraints on matrotrophy may be such that only plants carrying a single egg in their archegonium provide such care. In bryophytes, the maternal plant initiates, upon fertilization, a protective sheath derived from the gam ...
Evolutionary significance of bryophytes - Assets
... the egg, must remain enclosed in the archegonium. Physical and physiological constraints on matrotrophy may be such that only plants carrying a single egg in their archegonium provide such care. In bryophytes, the maternal plant initiates, upon fertilization, a protective sheath derived from the gam ...
... the egg, must remain enclosed in the archegonium. Physical and physiological constraints on matrotrophy may be such that only plants carrying a single egg in their archegonium provide such care. In bryophytes, the maternal plant initiates, upon fertilization, a protective sheath derived from the gam ...
Bromeliad Glossary plus ALL appendices and figures
... adventitious: Produced out of unusual or abnormal places, such as some roots or buds, or from stems or leaves. adventive: Said of an introduced plant not yet established: imperfectly or only partially naturalized. aemulans : rivalling, more or less equalling aequi-, equi-: Equal. aequatorialis, aequ ...
... adventitious: Produced out of unusual or abnormal places, such as some roots or buds, or from stems or leaves. adventive: Said of an introduced plant not yet established: imperfectly or only partially naturalized. aemulans : rivalling, more or less equalling aequi-, equi-: Equal. aequatorialis, aequ ...
Bryophytes
... Institute of Botany and Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] ...
... Institute of Botany and Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] ...
- ORCA - Cardiff University
... cells before it terminated in a pad of tissue at the base of the sporangium (Fig. 2b). He speculated that, after sporangial abscission through the darkened zone, growth was resumed by a more proximal adventitious branch, a form of overtopping. Data on extraxylary tissues are given in D. Edwards, Ker ...
... cells before it terminated in a pad of tissue at the base of the sporangium (Fig. 2b). He speculated that, after sporangial abscission through the darkened zone, growth was resumed by a more proximal adventitious branch, a form of overtopping. Data on extraxylary tissues are given in D. Edwards, Ker ...
biology - Textbooks Online
... Understanding the concept is more important than rote memory. Sciences may be learnt by rote, but wisdom not. Hence, it is desired to make the students understand the subject thoroughly, so that they can putforth their ideas clearly. In order to make the learning of Biology more interesting and thor ...
... Understanding the concept is more important than rote memory. Sciences may be learnt by rote, but wisdom not. Hence, it is desired to make the students understand the subject thoroughly, so that they can putforth their ideas clearly. In order to make the learning of Biology more interesting and thor ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.