Chapter 16 Plant nutrition, transport and adaptation to stress
... The secondary wall is usually formed in three distinct layers, each with cellulose microfibrils laid down in different orientations, and strengthened by the addition of lignin (a polyphenol) Some cells have many depressions, or primary pits, in the secondary wall ...
... The secondary wall is usually formed in three distinct layers, each with cellulose microfibrils laid down in different orientations, and strengthened by the addition of lignin (a polyphenol) Some cells have many depressions, or primary pits, in the secondary wall ...
Evolution of Class III Homeodomain–Leucine Zipper
... altered arrangement of bundles (Zhong and Ye 2001, 2004; Emery et al. 2003). A similar phenotype has been reported for phb phv cna loss-of-function plants, which suggests that, in stem vascular patterning, REV function may be antagonized by the action of PHB, PHV, and CNA (Prigge et al. 2005). Ortho ...
... altered arrangement of bundles (Zhong and Ye 2001, 2004; Emery et al. 2003). A similar phenotype has been reported for phb phv cna loss-of-function plants, which suggests that, in stem vascular patterning, REV function may be antagonized by the action of PHB, PHV, and CNA (Prigge et al. 2005). Ortho ...
Botany Foldable Work for 23
... OUTSIDE: In a young dicot stem produced by primary growth, bundles of ____________ & ___________________ are arranged in a INSIDE: ________________. OUTSIDE: Once secondary growth begins, the vascular cambium appears as a thin layer situated between clusters of INSIDE: _______________ ______________ ...
... OUTSIDE: In a young dicot stem produced by primary growth, bundles of ____________ & ___________________ are arranged in a INSIDE: ________________. OUTSIDE: Once secondary growth begins, the vascular cambium appears as a thin layer situated between clusters of INSIDE: _______________ ______________ ...
morphol2
... with thick, pearlly cell walls. It is located near the periphery of the plant and remains living during function, depending on turgor pressure to remain strongly supportive. Re-examine the celery section and look for these distinctive structures. How do they look from outside of the plant? Where are ...
... with thick, pearlly cell walls. It is located near the periphery of the plant and remains living during function, depending on turgor pressure to remain strongly supportive. Re-examine the celery section and look for these distinctive structures. How do they look from outside of the plant? Where are ...
Effect of silver nitrate on in vitro root formation of Gentiana lutea
... The micropropagated shoots, obtained from seedlings of G. lutea were used for in vitro rooting. The seeds were collected from the natural population of the species in the region of Vetrovala 2001, Nature Park “Vitosha”, Bulgaria. The shoots were cultivated on half strength MS (MURASHIGE & SKOOG [16] ...
... The micropropagated shoots, obtained from seedlings of G. lutea were used for in vitro rooting. The seeds were collected from the natural population of the species in the region of Vetrovala 2001, Nature Park “Vitosha”, Bulgaria. The shoots were cultivated on half strength MS (MURASHIGE & SKOOG [16] ...
Laboratory 1 - Vascular Plant Anatomy
... with thick, pearlly cell walls. It is located near the periphery of the plant and remains living during function, depending on turgor pressure to remain strongly supportive. Re-examine the celery section and look for these distinctive structures. How do they look from outside of the plant? Where are ...
... with thick, pearlly cell walls. It is located near the periphery of the plant and remains living during function, depending on turgor pressure to remain strongly supportive. Re-examine the celery section and look for these distinctive structures. How do they look from outside of the plant? Where are ...
Understanding Leaf Anatomy and Morphology
... The main light-collecting structure on a leaf is a large, broad, flat surface called the leaf blade. The blade has many layers that not only help the plant move but also help it store materials and byproducts of photosynthesis. The blade is held away from the stem and supported by the petiole. The p ...
... The main light-collecting structure on a leaf is a large, broad, flat surface called the leaf blade. The blade has many layers that not only help the plant move but also help it store materials and byproducts of photosynthesis. The blade is held away from the stem and supported by the petiole. The p ...
CRDC82C Text Book Chp 8 _9
... Many seeds will not germinate unless water content has been reduced by dry storage. This is a common adaptation in desert annuals, which experience a seasonal rhythm of water availability. In cereals such as barley and wheat, alternative treatments can be substituted (Table 8.3). Some seeds, for exa ...
... Many seeds will not germinate unless water content has been reduced by dry storage. This is a common adaptation in desert annuals, which experience a seasonal rhythm of water availability. In cereals such as barley and wheat, alternative treatments can be substituted (Table 8.3). Some seeds, for exa ...
1 Chapter 140: Cochlear Anatomy and Central Auditory Pathways
... Spiral ligament. The spiral ligament forms most of the lateral wall of the cochlear duct and consists of loose connective tissues and cells rich in ion-transporting enzymes. Its lateral boundary is the inner surface of the otic capsule, and its medial boundary is formed by the stria vascularis and t ...
... Spiral ligament. The spiral ligament forms most of the lateral wall of the cochlear duct and consists of loose connective tissues and cells rich in ion-transporting enzymes. Its lateral boundary is the inner surface of the otic capsule, and its medial boundary is formed by the stria vascularis and t ...
Seedless Vascular Plants
... leaflets. Spores form on the lower surface of some fronds. Sori are clusters of sporangia that release spores that develop into small heartshaped gametophytes. ...
... leaflets. Spores form on the lower surface of some fronds. Sori are clusters of sporangia that release spores that develop into small heartshaped gametophytes. ...
pdf
... size of pollen grains and the number of pores on its exine, fertility and frequency of seed formation (9). Counting the number of chromosomes in the mitotic cells of root meristems is laborious and time-consuming, as the Brassica chromosomes are small, and the number of metaphase plates depends on ...
... size of pollen grains and the number of pores on its exine, fertility and frequency of seed formation (9). Counting the number of chromosomes in the mitotic cells of root meristems is laborious and time-consuming, as the Brassica chromosomes are small, and the number of metaphase plates depends on ...
the stems - Montessori Research and Development
... The Terminal Bud Scale Scars - The terminal bud scale scars are the scars left on the twig by the scales that enclosed the terminal bud during the winter. The terminal bud scales fall off in the spring. Further down the stem are more terminal bud scale scars. They are from previous winters. The scar ...
... The Terminal Bud Scale Scars - The terminal bud scale scars are the scars left on the twig by the scales that enclosed the terminal bud during the winter. The terminal bud scales fall off in the spring. Further down the stem are more terminal bud scale scars. They are from previous winters. The scar ...
Reproduction_plant_HKDSE
... plants that have been infected with the virus, the cells in the bud tip (meristem) is an area that is not infected with the virus. In this way virus-free plants can be obtained from the meristem. ...
... plants that have been infected with the virus, the cells in the bud tip (meristem) is an area that is not infected with the virus. In this way virus-free plants can be obtained from the meristem. ...
The Flower -
... 1. Peduncle: floral stalk, the stem supporting the flower; sometimes referred to as the pedicel ...
... 1. Peduncle: floral stalk, the stem supporting the flower; sometimes referred to as the pedicel ...
Model-Based Analysis of Arabidopsis Leaf Epidermal Cells Reveals
... accumulation sites (Benková et al., 2003). At these positions, a number of cells start to bulge out from the meristem and eventually will form the basis of the leaf primordium when cell division proceeds (Reinhardt et al., 2000; Pien et al., 2001). Dorsiventrality is specified early during primordiu ...
... accumulation sites (Benková et al., 2003). At these positions, a number of cells start to bulge out from the meristem and eventually will form the basis of the leaf primordium when cell division proceeds (Reinhardt et al., 2000; Pien et al., 2001). Dorsiventrality is specified early during primordiu ...
Flower
... the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from a point above the ovary – Ovary is said to be inferior to all the other floral parts ...
... the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from a point above the ovary – Ovary is said to be inferior to all the other floral parts ...
Chapter 6: The Shoot System II: the Form and Structure of Leaves
... to hold the blade away from the stem. Not only does this give the blade greater exposure to sunlight, but also it allows the blade to move in the air so that gas exchange can easily take place. THE LEAF BLADE In most dicot and monocot plants, the cells of the leaf blade contain many chloroplasts and ...
... to hold the blade away from the stem. Not only does this give the blade greater exposure to sunlight, but also it allows the blade to move in the air so that gas exchange can easily take place. THE LEAF BLADE In most dicot and monocot plants, the cells of the leaf blade contain many chloroplasts and ...
Chapter 9 (Plant Morphology)
... It should be noted that the shoot systems of liverworts and mosses are gametophytic tissue. The major organs of vascular plants are sporophytic roots and shoots. Roots are present in almost all vascular plants and typically function in anchorage and absorption of water and minerals. Roots consist of ...
... It should be noted that the shoot systems of liverworts and mosses are gametophytic tissue. The major organs of vascular plants are sporophytic roots and shoots. Roots are present in almost all vascular plants and typically function in anchorage and absorption of water and minerals. Roots consist of ...
Carnie Woods - University of Aberdeen
... Hollow, round stems, which have swollen nodes occurring along their length Leaves in two alternating ranks up the stem. Variable inflorescence structure based around the concept of the spikelet. A spikelet consists of two leaf like bracts, called glumes, within which are held a small number of grass ...
... Hollow, round stems, which have swollen nodes occurring along their length Leaves in two alternating ranks up the stem. Variable inflorescence structure based around the concept of the spikelet. A spikelet consists of two leaf like bracts, called glumes, within which are held a small number of grass ...
The PINHEAD/ZWILLEgene acts pleiotropically in
... meristem formation, the nature of the relationship between them is still unknown. If the adaxial leaf domain is competent to form meristems while other tissues, such as the abaxial leaf domain, do not possess this competence, some factor must exist that is responsible for this unique competence. For ...
... meristem formation, the nature of the relationship between them is still unknown. If the adaxial leaf domain is competent to form meristems while other tissues, such as the abaxial leaf domain, do not possess this competence, some factor must exist that is responsible for this unique competence. For ...
Lecture 6B
... • in many angiosperm species – pollination is by insects or other animals – from flower to flower – so pollination is more direct than by wind – for angiosperms in dense populations – wind is the pollinator ...
... • in many angiosperm species – pollination is by insects or other animals – from flower to flower – so pollination is more direct than by wind – for angiosperms in dense populations – wind is the pollinator ...
#8526—Beautiful Wildflower Appliqué by Zena Thorpe
... but sometimes the buds are so small that the sepals must be worked with embroidery as shown here. These sepals were worked in a lazy daisy stitch using two strands of embroidery floss. ...
... but sometimes the buds are so small that the sepals must be worked with embroidery as shown here. These sepals were worked in a lazy daisy stitch using two strands of embroidery floss. ...
The Plant Vascular System: A Macromolecular Information
... synapses, the degree of astonishment and curiosity about plant signals should have increased even more 1,2. After all, (i) plant cells are separated by thick cell walls that leave no space for synaptic structures and (ii) their sessile life style leaves most plants in no need for fast signals. In sp ...
... synapses, the degree of astonishment and curiosity about plant signals should have increased even more 1,2. After all, (i) plant cells are separated by thick cell walls that leave no space for synaptic structures and (ii) their sessile life style leaves most plants in no need for fast signals. In sp ...
Development of the Vagal Taste System of Goldfish
... the lobe. Proliferation occurs mainly at the tip of the vagal lobe, but also along the midline and on the lateral surface. This pattern continues through adulthood, as cells are continually being added to the vagal lobe at these locations. Cells produced at the tip of the lobe form radial cohorts th ...
... the lobe. Proliferation occurs mainly at the tip of the vagal lobe, but also along the midline and on the lateral surface. This pattern continues through adulthood, as cells are continually being added to the vagal lobe at these locations. Cells produced at the tip of the lobe form radial cohorts th ...
LG - AgriSETA
... All plants such as pine trees, tomatoes and even maize all look different from one another, but they are made of similar cells and tissues. Plant cells are microscopic sized structures that contain various smaller organs known as organelles that enable growth processes to occur. Cells may vary in si ...
... All plants such as pine trees, tomatoes and even maize all look different from one another, but they are made of similar cells and tissues. Plant cells are microscopic sized structures that contain various smaller organs known as organelles that enable growth processes to occur. Cells may vary in si ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.