View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... architecture or to produce entirely new arrangements. The broader question asks which changes were necessary to the evolution of new forms and structures, the more specific asking what subtle changes must occur to produce diversity over short periods of evolutionary time, even at the species level. ...
... architecture or to produce entirely new arrangements. The broader question asks which changes were necessary to the evolution of new forms and structures, the more specific asking what subtle changes must occur to produce diversity over short periods of evolutionary time, even at the species level. ...
AtCSLA7, a Cellulose Synthase-Like Putative
... Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (S.K.P., D.T.) ...
... Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (S.K.P., D.T.) ...
34. Branches climbing, round, villofe, jointed. Leaves two inches
... the outer ends in an inflexed filament. Style awlfhaped. Stigma bifid. Capfule comprefTed, orbiculate, acuminate both ways, fmooth, brown j containing in each cell one kidney-fhaped, dark, comprefTed feed, appearing as if it were dufly, placed tranfverfely, having at top and bottom a tuft of brownif ...
... the outer ends in an inflexed filament. Style awlfhaped. Stigma bifid. Capfule comprefTed, orbiculate, acuminate both ways, fmooth, brown j containing in each cell one kidney-fhaped, dark, comprefTed feed, appearing as if it were dufly, placed tranfverfely, having at top and bottom a tuft of brownif ...
Structure–Function Relationships in Highly Modified Shoots of
... tubercle base where it produces a flower or a vegetative shoot. The open flower is about 8 mm across. (E) Terminal cephalia of a single, branched plant of Backebergia militaris. Green portions are juvenile, cephalia are the adult body. Each shoot tip will be abscised about 4 cm below the cephalium, ...
... tubercle base where it produces a flower or a vegetative shoot. The open flower is about 8 mm across. (E) Terminal cephalia of a single, branched plant of Backebergia militaris. Green portions are juvenile, cephalia are the adult body. Each shoot tip will be abscised about 4 cm below the cephalium, ...
Arabidopsis flower specific defense gene expression patterns affect
... data as well as a large mutant collection, defense studies in Arabidopsis flowers have remained scarce, not least because of the comparatively small organ size. It is somewhat surprising that hardly any attention has been given to the role of the sepal in the defense of plants against pathogens. Exc ...
... data as well as a large mutant collection, defense studies in Arabidopsis flowers have remained scarce, not least because of the comparatively small organ size. It is somewhat surprising that hardly any attention has been given to the role of the sepal in the defense of plants against pathogens. Exc ...
Parasitic plants
... to their hosts. Seeds in the root parasite group are able to chemically identify when a host plant is close and trigger germination. Stem parasites tend to produce fruits that attract birds to move them from host tree to host tree as in mistletoe. The fruits contain a mucilage (called viscin) that h ...
... to their hosts. Seeds in the root parasite group are able to chemically identify when a host plant is close and trigger germination. Stem parasites tend to produce fruits that attract birds to move them from host tree to host tree as in mistletoe. The fruits contain a mucilage (called viscin) that h ...
RHS Level 2 - Plant Classification, Structure and Function
... Q1b) The best candidates described the difference in one feature only for each plant organ rather than a list of features as only the first one could be credited i.e. leaf shape, venation and structure are all distinct features of leaves and should be compared separately. Full marks could only be aw ...
... Q1b) The best candidates described the difference in one feature only for each plant organ rather than a list of features as only the first one could be credited i.e. leaf shape, venation and structure are all distinct features of leaves and should be compared separately. Full marks could only be aw ...
PDF file
... showed poor differentiation of parenchyma into palisade and spongy layers, and many more intercellular spaces than in leaf in vivo. In our experiments, the somatic embryos apparently originated from parenchymal tissue close to the vascular bundles. This kind of embryo formation suggests direct embry ...
... showed poor differentiation of parenchyma into palisade and spongy layers, and many more intercellular spaces than in leaf in vivo. In our experiments, the somatic embryos apparently originated from parenchymal tissue close to the vascular bundles. This kind of embryo formation suggests direct embry ...
Yee_Jonathan_Poster_.. - University of Washington
... What is the ancestral role of a master regulator of flowering? Functional analysis of LEAFY Homologs in the Fern Ceratopteris richardii Jonathan Yee and Verónica Di Stilio. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle Abstract: The purpose of this research is to explore the ancestral rol ...
... What is the ancestral role of a master regulator of flowering? Functional analysis of LEAFY Homologs in the Fern Ceratopteris richardii Jonathan Yee and Verónica Di Stilio. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle Abstract: The purpose of this research is to explore the ancestral rol ...
The annual cycle of growth of northern highbush blueberry
... Woody plants in the temperate zones keep track of winter by tracking chilling units or chilling hours. Our blueberry varieties require about a thousand hours of chilling. Chilling temperatures are above freezing, between 35°F and 45°F. We probably begin to accumulate chilling hours sometime in Novem ...
... Woody plants in the temperate zones keep track of winter by tracking chilling units or chilling hours. Our blueberry varieties require about a thousand hours of chilling. Chilling temperatures are above freezing, between 35°F and 45°F. We probably begin to accumulate chilling hours sometime in Novem ...
Level 2 past paper R2101 plant classification, structure and function
... Candidates should be able to demonstrate a good range of plant knowledge and be able to give accurately named plant examples where appropriate. Common names and generic names are often too vague and cannot be rewarded in the positive manner that genus, species and where appropriate, variety/cultivar ...
... Candidates should be able to demonstrate a good range of plant knowledge and be able to give accurately named plant examples where appropriate. Common names and generic names are often too vague and cannot be rewarded in the positive manner that genus, species and where appropriate, variety/cultivar ...
The Anatomy of Arborescent Plant Life through Time
... Ground tissues including parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are involved in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, transport, and structure. Parenchyma tissue generates all other tissues. Living parenchyma cells are involved in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, regeneration and in the movement ...
... Ground tissues including parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are involved in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, transport, and structure. Parenchyma tissue generates all other tissues. Living parenchyma cells are involved in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, regeneration and in the movement ...
Alkali cation exchangers: roles in cellular homeostasis and stress
... Arabidopsis genome that may exchange Ca2+, Na+, and K+ with H+ (Mäser et al., 2001). The CaCA gene subfamily of Ca2+/H+ exchangers contains 11 members that have been named CAX1 to CAX11. CAX1 and CAX2, but not CAX3 or CAX4, suppressed defective vacuolar Ca2+ transport in a yeast vcx1 mutant (Cheng ...
... Arabidopsis genome that may exchange Ca2+, Na+, and K+ with H+ (Mäser et al., 2001). The CaCA gene subfamily of Ca2+/H+ exchangers contains 11 members that have been named CAX1 to CAX11. CAX1 and CAX2, but not CAX3 or CAX4, suppressed defective vacuolar Ca2+ transport in a yeast vcx1 mutant (Cheng ...
Semi-tuberous notes A5FINAL
... near the coast of South Africa on shaded slopes in the Cape of Good Hope. The distinctive characteristic of this group is the thickening of the stem at the base, which then tapers away to slender branches. They are an interesting arty looking group, makes them ideal as a bonsai like plant as they re ...
... near the coast of South Africa on shaded slopes in the Cape of Good Hope. The distinctive characteristic of this group is the thickening of the stem at the base, which then tapers away to slender branches. They are an interesting arty looking group, makes them ideal as a bonsai like plant as they re ...
Bio11U_Plants_Ch13_transmittal_CE_approved_100903
... 1. Suppose that the yard of a house is left undisturbed for 20 years after the family moves away. There was grass in the yard but no trees or bushes. Predict how the yard would change over this time. 2. What factors in the environment do you think are most important to plant growth and development? ...
... 1. Suppose that the yard of a house is left undisturbed for 20 years after the family moves away. There was grass in the yard but no trees or bushes. Predict how the yard would change over this time. 2. What factors in the environment do you think are most important to plant growth and development? ...
Propagation of Plants from Specialized Structures
... There are two types of bulbs, known as either tunicate (Figs. 1 and 2A and B) or non-tunicate (scaly) bulbs (Fig. 2C), and either can be multiplied asexually. Onions, composed of concentric layers of fleshy leaves, are tunicate bulbs because the outer layers of leaves dry and form a protective tuni ...
... There are two types of bulbs, known as either tunicate (Figs. 1 and 2A and B) or non-tunicate (scaly) bulbs (Fig. 2C), and either can be multiplied asexually. Onions, composed of concentric layers of fleshy leaves, are tunicate bulbs because the outer layers of leaves dry and form a protective tuni ...
WSU Master Gardener On
... plants, but rather the spines or thorns that could actually puncture our skin and draw blood. The position of the spines or thorns on the plant will also give you information about the biology of the plant. Let’s take another look at our dandelion. A dandelion may appear to have prickly leaves; howe ...
... plants, but rather the spines or thorns that could actually puncture our skin and draw blood. The position of the spines or thorns on the plant will also give you information about the biology of the plant. Let’s take another look at our dandelion. A dandelion may appear to have prickly leaves; howe ...
An Enhancer Trap Line Associated with a D
... A, cyclin B, cyclin D, and cyclin H (or cyclin C [Mironov et al., 1999]) have been isolated (for review, see Renaudin et al., 1996). At present more than 60 cyclin genes have been isolated from a variety of plant species. The majority of these genes were isolated by homology to previously isolated c ...
... A, cyclin B, cyclin D, and cyclin H (or cyclin C [Mironov et al., 1999]) have been isolated (for review, see Renaudin et al., 1996). At present more than 60 cyclin genes have been isolated from a variety of plant species. The majority of these genes were isolated by homology to previously isolated c ...
Growing Out of Stress: The Role of Cell- and Organ
... loosening and water uptake, plant cells elongate and the pressure that builds up provides mechanical support for tissues to resist the pull of gravity or, in roots, to penetrate through hardened soil (Cosgrove, 2016a, 2016b; Cosgrove and Green, 1981). The ability of cells to take up water for growth ...
... loosening and water uptake, plant cells elongate and the pressure that builds up provides mechanical support for tissues to resist the pull of gravity or, in roots, to penetrate through hardened soil (Cosgrove, 2016a, 2016b; Cosgrove and Green, 1981). The ability of cells to take up water for growth ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... wet climates (Mauseth and James, 2008). The epidermis tissue includes several differentiated cell types such as epidermal cells, epidermal hair cells (trichomes), stomata complex, guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are typically more elongated in the leaves of monocots than in tho ...
... wet climates (Mauseth and James, 2008). The epidermis tissue includes several differentiated cell types such as epidermal cells, epidermal hair cells (trichomes), stomata complex, guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are typically more elongated in the leaves of monocots than in tho ...
A. An Overview of Land Plant Evolution
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf interior. Stomata are also the major sites for water to exit from leaves via ...
... Pores, called stomata, in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the outside air and the leaf interior. Stomata are also the major sites for water to exit from leaves via ...
Mango gall midge
... The galls dry out after emergence of adults in March. The adult females lay eggs in the midribs as well as in lateral axis of new leaves. Nymphs emerge from eggs during AugustSeptember and crawl to the adjacent buds to suck cell sap. As a result of feeding, the buds develop into hard conical green g ...
... The galls dry out after emergence of adults in March. The adult females lay eggs in the midribs as well as in lateral axis of new leaves. Nymphs emerge from eggs during AugustSeptember and crawl to the adjacent buds to suck cell sap. As a result of feeding, the buds develop into hard conical green g ...
Balsamorhiza sagittata (arrow
... position as they advance up the stem. The root is a taproot that may be as large as four inches in diameter and can be as much as eight feet deep. It is usual for lots of seed to be produced if the developing seedheads are not attacked by insects and are protected from grazing. The seeds are dispers ...
... position as they advance up the stem. The root is a taproot that may be as large as four inches in diameter and can be as much as eight feet deep. It is usual for lots of seed to be produced if the developing seedheads are not attacked by insects and are protected from grazing. The seeds are dispers ...
A Genomic and Molecular View of Wood Formation
... In particular, by using Arabidopsis as the model system, many genes involved in regulating the identity and development of apical meristem cells have been characterized (see reviews by Leyser, 2001; Carles and Fletcher, 2003; Fleming, 2005; Jiang and Feldman, 2005). Although secondary growth is a di ...
... In particular, by using Arabidopsis as the model system, many genes involved in regulating the identity and development of apical meristem cells have been characterized (see reviews by Leyser, 2001; Carles and Fletcher, 2003; Fleming, 2005; Jiang and Feldman, 2005). Although secondary growth is a di ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.