CAM CAM
... with long white hairs. Calyx hifpid with white hairs, covered in part with ears or appendicles turn ing downwards from the origin of its divifions . According to Haller, the fruit is five-angled, and has five obfeure grooves, but is three-celled. Native of the mountains of Italy, Auftria, Swit zer ...
... with long white hairs. Calyx hifpid with white hairs, covered in part with ears or appendicles turn ing downwards from the origin of its divifions . According to Haller, the fruit is five-angled, and has five obfeure grooves, but is three-celled. Native of the mountains of Italy, Auftria, Swit zer ...
PLANT HORMONES These are compounds, mostly organic while
... Little is known about the mechanism by which mineral nutrients are absorbed by mycorrhizal fungi and transferred to plant root cells. With EMF, inorganic phosphate may simply diffuse from the hyphae into the net and be absorbed by the root autical cells. With VAM fungi, the situation may be more com ...
... Little is known about the mechanism by which mineral nutrients are absorbed by mycorrhizal fungi and transferred to plant root cells. With EMF, inorganic phosphate may simply diffuse from the hyphae into the net and be absorbed by the root autical cells. With VAM fungi, the situation may be more com ...
R1R2R3-Myb proteins positively regulate cytokinesis
... NtmybB, bind to the MSA motif in vitro and in yeast. NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 are structurally closely related transcriptional activators, whereas NtmybB acts as a competitive repressor in tobacco cells (Ito et al., 2001; Araki et al., 2004). Plants have a large number of Myb genes, most of which encode ...
... NtmybB, bind to the MSA motif in vitro and in yeast. NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 are structurally closely related transcriptional activators, whereas NtmybB acts as a competitive repressor in tobacco cells (Ito et al., 2001; Araki et al., 2004). Plants have a large number of Myb genes, most of which encode ...
PDF
... NtmybB, bind to the MSA motif in vitro and in yeast. NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 are structurally closely related transcriptional activators, whereas NtmybB acts as a competitive repressor in tobacco cells (Ito et al., 2001; Araki et al., 2004). Plants have a large number of Myb genes, most of which encode ...
... NtmybB, bind to the MSA motif in vitro and in yeast. NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 are structurally closely related transcriptional activators, whereas NtmybB acts as a competitive repressor in tobacco cells (Ito et al., 2001; Araki et al., 2004). Plants have a large number of Myb genes, most of which encode ...
lecture outline
... Both sperm fuse with nuclei in the embryo sac. o One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote. o The other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) nucleus in the central cell of the female gametophyte. o This large cell will give rise to the endosperm, a food-storing tiss ...
... Both sperm fuse with nuclei in the embryo sac. o One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote. o The other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) nucleus in the central cell of the female gametophyte. o This large cell will give rise to the endosperm, a food-storing tiss ...
seed plants
... * Pollination = Pollen falls on a stigma when wind, bees, or bats carry it. (Sugar-rich nectar in the flower attracts bees or bats.) * Fertilization = sperm & egg join together in the flower’s ...
... * Pollination = Pollen falls on a stigma when wind, bees, or bats carry it. (Sugar-rich nectar in the flower attracts bees or bats.) * Fertilization = sperm & egg join together in the flower’s ...
Plant Flexbook - jl041.k12.sd.us
... dermal tissue on woody stems and roots consists of several layers of dead cells that are referred to as cork. Cork cells contain a waterproof chemical and are not covered by a waxy cuticle. In addition to protection, dermal tissue also functions in gas exchange and in the absorption of mineral nutri ...
... dermal tissue on woody stems and roots consists of several layers of dead cells that are referred to as cork. Cork cells contain a waterproof chemical and are not covered by a waxy cuticle. In addition to protection, dermal tissue also functions in gas exchange and in the absorption of mineral nutri ...
EXERCISE 1: Cycadophyta: The Cycads
... Cycads of the genus Cycads have some striking taxonomic affinities with ferns, including large leaves that uncoil like a fern. Cycads also produce remarkable multiciliate swimming sperm. The later characteristic is especially interesting when you consider that each sperm may have 20,000 to 40,000 ...
... Cycads of the genus Cycads have some striking taxonomic affinities with ferns, including large leaves that uncoil like a fern. Cycads also produce remarkable multiciliate swimming sperm. The later characteristic is especially interesting when you consider that each sperm may have 20,000 to 40,000 ...
Root and Crown Rots
... sure they are root/crown rot-free prior to purchase. Establish healthy plants in a well-drained site, and when planting, place the root collar just at the soil surface. Moderate soil moisture. Add organic material (e.g., leaf litter or compost) to heavy soils to increase soil drainage and DO NOT ove ...
... sure they are root/crown rot-free prior to purchase. Establish healthy plants in a well-drained site, and when planting, place the root collar just at the soil surface. Moderate soil moisture. Add organic material (e.g., leaf litter or compost) to heavy soils to increase soil drainage and DO NOT ove ...
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
... To verify that root nodule formation is under the control of the perception of the R/FR ratio, we examined nodule formation in L. japonicus MG20 wild-type and phyB mutant plants grown under different R/FR light conditions. In our study, the PPFD of the R light-emitting diode (LED) remained constant ...
... To verify that root nodule formation is under the control of the perception of the R/FR ratio, we examined nodule formation in L. japonicus MG20 wild-type and phyB mutant plants grown under different R/FR light conditions. In our study, the PPFD of the R light-emitting diode (LED) remained constant ...
To dwellers in a wood, almost every species of tree has its voice as
... leaves attach to older branches (e.g. ones closer to the trunk/main stem) in woody plants. Finally, if axillary buds are not conspicuous, look for a terminal bud. Because leaves do not have terminal buds, if you can see one it means you are looking at the end of a stem (with leaves) and not at a com ...
... leaves attach to older branches (e.g. ones closer to the trunk/main stem) in woody plants. Finally, if axillary buds are not conspicuous, look for a terminal bud. Because leaves do not have terminal buds, if you can see one it means you are looking at the end of a stem (with leaves) and not at a com ...
structure of plants and fungi
... cells form simple or branching filament. The cell on the opposite pole of the thallus can differentiate into holdfast cell, fixing the filament to a substrate. Studying the metabolism of this thallus, we can conclude that the cells are equal, i.e. with the exception of the tip and holdfast cells all ...
... cells form simple or branching filament. The cell on the opposite pole of the thallus can differentiate into holdfast cell, fixing the filament to a substrate. Studying the metabolism of this thallus, we can conclude that the cells are equal, i.e. with the exception of the tip and holdfast cells all ...
Number 10, 2008 - American Begonia Society
... A day after I read Bill Claybaugh’s first note on propagating on paper in The Begonian [Sep. / Oct. 2007] I took stem cuttings of two species from south India, which as far as I am aware, are no longer in cultivation in the USA, B. albo-coccinea and B. subpeltata, and placed them on moist paper towe ...
... A day after I read Bill Claybaugh’s first note on propagating on paper in The Begonian [Sep. / Oct. 2007] I took stem cuttings of two species from south India, which as far as I am aware, are no longer in cultivation in the USA, B. albo-coccinea and B. subpeltata, and placed them on moist paper towe ...
structure of plants and fungi
... the general view, the basic difference is the lack of tissue differentiation in thallophytes and the organization of tissue systems in cormophytes. The three dimensional thalli provide sometimes problems; in these organs, certain steps of tissue-like differentiation appears. Cells or cell groups can ...
... the general view, the basic difference is the lack of tissue differentiation in thallophytes and the organization of tissue systems in cormophytes. The three dimensional thalli provide sometimes problems; in these organs, certain steps of tissue-like differentiation appears. Cells or cell groups can ...
Most leaves have similar essential structures, but differ in venation
... leaf arrangement. Leaves are classified as either alternate, spiral, opposite, or whorled. Plants that have only one leaf per node have leaves that are said to be either alternate or spiral. Alternate leaves alternate on each side of the stem in a flat plane, and spiral leaves are arranged in a spir ...
... leaf arrangement. Leaves are classified as either alternate, spiral, opposite, or whorled. Plants that have only one leaf per node have leaves that are said to be either alternate or spiral. Alternate leaves alternate on each side of the stem in a flat plane, and spiral leaves are arranged in a spir ...
Seed Plant - National Open University of Nigeria
... fascicles. Each needle is covered with a thick cuticle over the epidermal layer and a layer of thick-walled cells just beneath the epidermis called the hypodermis. The stomata on the epidermal surface are sunken and are surrounded by an endodermis. The mesophyll cells do not have the wide air spaces ...
... fascicles. Each needle is covered with a thick cuticle over the epidermal layer and a layer of thick-walled cells just beneath the epidermis called the hypodermis. The stomata on the epidermal surface are sunken and are surrounded by an endodermis. The mesophyll cells do not have the wide air spaces ...
Did auxin play a crucial role in the evolution of
... intercalation of mitotic divisions of the zygote prior to the occurrence of sporic meiosis (Graham and Wilcox, 2000). However, the lack of any confirming fossil evidence makes it conceivable that land plants did not develop embryos until long after the successful colonization of terrestrial habitats ...
... intercalation of mitotic divisions of the zygote prior to the occurrence of sporic meiosis (Graham and Wilcox, 2000). However, the lack of any confirming fossil evidence makes it conceivable that land plants did not develop embryos until long after the successful colonization of terrestrial habitats ...
Pedicel development in Arabidopsis thaliana: Contribution of vascular
... inflorescence axis (Figs. 1B and C). In Lan, upward curvature of the pedicel juxtaposes the developing flower next to the midline of the plant (Fig. 1B). A shorter stage 3 pedicel in Ler indicates an early requirement for ER in promoting pedicel growth (Fig. 1C). In stages 5 and 6, the developing bu ...
... inflorescence axis (Figs. 1B and C). In Lan, upward curvature of the pedicel juxtaposes the developing flower next to the midline of the plant (Fig. 1B). A shorter stage 3 pedicel in Ler indicates an early requirement for ER in promoting pedicel growth (Fig. 1C). In stages 5 and 6, the developing bu ...
Morphology of Flowering Plants
... 2. Region of meristematic activity 3. Region of elongation 4. Region of maturation 1. Root cap: The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the root cap. It protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil. 2. Region of meristematic activity: A few mil ...
... 2. Region of meristematic activity 3. Region of elongation 4. Region of maturation 1. Root cap: The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the root cap. It protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil. 2. Region of meristematic activity: A few mil ...
Stromules: a characteristic cell-specific feature of plastid morphology*
... were especially prevalent in the root epidermis. In the shoot meristem, small proplastids, 1–2 lm in diameter, were arranged in a network of interconnecting stromules (Fig. 2A). In the cotyledons, stromules were prevalent in the epidermal cells, where chloroplasts were closely packed together and ap ...
... were especially prevalent in the root epidermis. In the shoot meristem, small proplastids, 1–2 lm in diameter, were arranged in a network of interconnecting stromules (Fig. 2A). In the cotyledons, stromules were prevalent in the epidermal cells, where chloroplasts were closely packed together and ap ...
Course - Missouri Center for Career Education
... lesson on Plant Classification. Introduction to Grassland Management (Student Reference). University of MissouriColumbia: Instructional Materials Laboratory, 1997. Introduction to Grassland Management Curriculum Enhancement, “Unit I – Grasslands and Grassland Plants.” University of Missouri-Columbia ...
... lesson on Plant Classification. Introduction to Grassland Management (Student Reference). University of MissouriColumbia: Instructional Materials Laboratory, 1997. Introduction to Grassland Management Curriculum Enhancement, “Unit I – Grasslands and Grassland Plants.” University of Missouri-Columbia ...
Reconsideration of Plant Morphological Traits: From a Structure
... formation (Goldberg et al., 1994). If this definition is valid, mosses and ferns do not undergo “embryogenesis,” since these plants do not produce seeds. The concept of “alternation of generations” was proposed by Hofmeister in the 1850s (Kaplan and Cooke, 1996). This concept, i.e., that all the lan ...
... formation (Goldberg et al., 1994). If this definition is valid, mosses and ferns do not undergo “embryogenesis,” since these plants do not produce seeds. The concept of “alternation of generations” was proposed by Hofmeister in the 1850s (Kaplan and Cooke, 1996). This concept, i.e., that all the lan ...
A Role for the Epidermal Cell Wall and Cut
... Although the plant epidermis serves primarily a protective role, during plant development some epidermal cells specialize, becoming competent to interact not only with pollen but also with other epidermal cells. In the former case, these interactions mediate recognition, germination, and pollen grow ...
... Although the plant epidermis serves primarily a protective role, during plant development some epidermal cells specialize, becoming competent to interact not only with pollen but also with other epidermal cells. In the former case, these interactions mediate recognition, germination, and pollen grow ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.