4. chapter ix
... This information has been useful to commercial chrysanthemum growers who grow these short-day plants on a year-round schedule • When they want the young plants to reach a size adequate for flowering, the growers use fluorescent lamps over the chrysanthemum plants (near midnight), each night for one ...
... This information has been useful to commercial chrysanthemum growers who grow these short-day plants on a year-round schedule • When they want the young plants to reach a size adequate for flowering, the growers use fluorescent lamps over the chrysanthemum plants (near midnight), each night for one ...
Systematic Implications of DNA variation in subfamily Opuntioideae
... Flowers and Their Evolution ...
... Flowers and Their Evolution ...
PLANT morphology
... The embryo axis: it is the elongated portion of embryo consisting of short hypocotyls, at one end of which there is the plumule and at the other is the radicle. The plumule: It is the upper part of the embryo axis and is the first bud. It gives the shoot system. It does not differentiate to nodes an ...
... The embryo axis: it is the elongated portion of embryo consisting of short hypocotyls, at one end of which there is the plumule and at the other is the radicle. The plumule: It is the upper part of the embryo axis and is the first bud. It gives the shoot system. It does not differentiate to nodes an ...
Lesson Plan - Colorado FFA
... When performing cuttings the lowers and flower buds should be removed from all cuttings. This allows the cutting to use its energy and food storage for root formation instead of flower and fruit development. A rooting hormone containing a fungicide is used to stimulate root development. A fungicide ...
... When performing cuttings the lowers and flower buds should be removed from all cuttings. This allows the cutting to use its energy and food storage for root formation instead of flower and fruit development. A rooting hormone containing a fungicide is used to stimulate root development. A fungicide ...
Traits shared by charophyceans and land plants The first land plants
... Land plant trait #7: Adaptations for water transport, especially vascular tissue. Found in all land plants except for most bryophytes. The stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte), is shown below. Note: true leaves, stems, and roots are defined by the presence of vascular tissues. ...
... Land plant trait #7: Adaptations for water transport, especially vascular tissue. Found in all land plants except for most bryophytes. The stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte), is shown below. Note: true leaves, stems, and roots are defined by the presence of vascular tissues. ...
Flower Anatomy
... sugars and other compounds and helps keep flower parts turgid (firm). • Flower stems have a plumbing system called the xylem, which is made up of tiny vessels. The xylem is the water-conducting tissue that carries water up the stem, to the leaves, and to the flower. • Please draw figure 9-27 on page ...
... sugars and other compounds and helps keep flower parts turgid (firm). • Flower stems have a plumbing system called the xylem, which is made up of tiny vessels. The xylem is the water-conducting tissue that carries water up the stem, to the leaves, and to the flower. • Please draw figure 9-27 on page ...
Ch. 27 - Flowering Plants: Reproduction
... Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal • Seed Germination – When seed germination occurs, the embryo resumes growth and metabolic activity – Length of time seeds retain their viability is quite variable – Some seeds do not germinate until they have been through a dormant period • Temperate zones - Cold Wea ...
... Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal • Seed Germination – When seed germination occurs, the embryo resumes growth and metabolic activity – Length of time seeds retain their viability is quite variable – Some seeds do not germinate until they have been through a dormant period • Temperate zones - Cold Wea ...
RHS Past Paper R2101 (including examiners comments)
... Write your answers legibly in the lined space provided. It is NOT necessary that all lined space is used in answering the questions; ...
... Write your answers legibly in the lined space provided. It is NOT necessary that all lined space is used in answering the questions; ...
Plant Identification M-R
... • Characteristics: large clusters of flowers appear atop 1’ stalks; leaves are eggshaped and hairy • Type of plant: bedding plant • Size: 6-12” tall • Growth requirements: shade; high water; ...
... • Characteristics: large clusters of flowers appear atop 1’ stalks; leaves are eggshaped and hairy • Type of plant: bedding plant • Size: 6-12” tall • Growth requirements: shade; high water; ...
Fossils formatted
... Terminal appendages were either dichotomously branched units or laminate leaves with dichotomous venation. ...
... Terminal appendages were either dichotomously branched units or laminate leaves with dichotomous venation. ...
Plant Yacon 120(04004) Primary essential character No Characters
... 2:Almost none 3:Very little 4:Little 5:Intermediate 6:Some 7:Much 8:Very much ...
... 2:Almost none 3:Very little 4:Little 5:Intermediate 6:Some 7:Much 8:Very much ...
Chapter 17 Seedless Vascular Plants
... Approximately 93% of plant species are vascular plants. Vascular plants contain vascular tissue. There are two kinds of vascular tissue: Xylem conducts water and minerals up from the soil. The cell walls of xylem cells help support the plant. • Phloem conducts organic nutrients from one part of the ...
... Approximately 93% of plant species are vascular plants. Vascular plants contain vascular tissue. There are two kinds of vascular tissue: Xylem conducts water and minerals up from the soil. The cell walls of xylem cells help support the plant. • Phloem conducts organic nutrients from one part of the ...
1 m
... • Water-conducting cells are strengthened by lignin and provide structural support • Phloem consists of living cells and distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products • Vascular tissue allowed for increased height, which provided an evolutionary advantage © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Water-conducting cells are strengthened by lignin and provide structural support • Phloem consists of living cells and distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products • Vascular tissue allowed for increased height, which provided an evolutionary advantage © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
03 Plant Evolution 08 W
... Nonvascular plants such as mosses aren’t very tall. In contrast, some ferns (vascular non-seed plants) can grow as tall as trees. Being tall is only possible for plants with a highly developed vascular system for transporting materials between the roots and the shoot, which is the part of the plant ...
... Nonvascular plants such as mosses aren’t very tall. In contrast, some ferns (vascular non-seed plants) can grow as tall as trees. Being tall is only possible for plants with a highly developed vascular system for transporting materials between the roots and the shoot, which is the part of the plant ...
Plant Pigment Chromatography and Photosynthesis
... – You may cut up this stalk of celery and examine the structure – You may draw diagrams and pictures to help describe what you are seeing – Pay careful attention to the leaves of the celery as well ...
... – You may cut up this stalk of celery and examine the structure – You may draw diagrams and pictures to help describe what you are seeing – Pay careful attention to the leaves of the celery as well ...
Functional aspects of cell patterning in aerial epidermis
... Functional aspects of cell patterning in aerial epidermis Cathie Martin1 and Beverley J Glover2 Plants have evolved epidermal cells that have specialized functions as adaptations to life on land. Many of the functions of these specialized cells are dependent, to a significant extent, on their arrang ...
... Functional aspects of cell patterning in aerial epidermis Cathie Martin1 and Beverley J Glover2 Plants have evolved epidermal cells that have specialized functions as adaptations to life on land. Many of the functions of these specialized cells are dependent, to a significant extent, on their arrang ...
The monosaccharide transporter(-like) gene family in Arabidopsis
... Besides glucose and fructose, sugar alcohols like sorbitol, mannitol and myo-inositol are found in many plants [18] and may also be transported into vacuoles [19,20]. The transport of sugars across membrane barriers is greatly mediated by transport proteins, which catalyze either passive (but select ...
... Besides glucose and fructose, sugar alcohols like sorbitol, mannitol and myo-inositol are found in many plants [18] and may also be transported into vacuoles [19,20]. The transport of sugars across membrane barriers is greatly mediated by transport proteins, which catalyze either passive (but select ...
Epidermal Cell Fate and Patterning in Leaves
... 1997, in this issue, for further discussion). The epidermis of plant leaves provides an excellent system for analyzing pattern formation because the epidermal surface is readily accessible and cell patterns can be analyzed within a plane rather than in three dimensions. The leaves of most plants con ...
... 1997, in this issue, for further discussion). The epidermis of plant leaves provides an excellent system for analyzing pattern formation because the epidermal surface is readily accessible and cell patterns can be analyzed within a plane rather than in three dimensions. The leaves of most plants con ...
05 Introduction to Splanchnology. General anatomy of the dig
... Foreign bodies are therefore more likely to lodge in this bronchus or one of its branches ...
... Foreign bodies are therefore more likely to lodge in this bronchus or one of its branches ...
The Female Reproductive System
... Supports of the Uterus • Mesometrium – portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally • Lateral cervical ligaments – extend from the cervix and superior part of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis • Uterosacral ligaments – paired ligaments that secure the uterus to the s ...
... Supports of the Uterus • Mesometrium – portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally • Lateral cervical ligaments – extend from the cervix and superior part of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis • Uterosacral ligaments – paired ligaments that secure the uterus to the s ...
Origin of Angiosperms Cycad-like plants
... Phloem – sieve tube members with 1 or more companion cells derived from the same mother cell ...
... Phloem – sieve tube members with 1 or more companion cells derived from the same mother cell ...
The transition to flowering in tomato
... normally produce more leaves before appearance of the first flower, and are not partially fused to their host leaf petiole. This is an interesting point since although the plant has clearly already gone through a first transition to flowering, new branches do not seem to flower as quickly as sympodi ...
... normally produce more leaves before appearance of the first flower, and are not partially fused to their host leaf petiole. This is an interesting point since although the plant has clearly already gone through a first transition to flowering, new branches do not seem to flower as quickly as sympodi ...
Plant Kingdom
... Rule: Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3, where dicots have flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5. ...
... Rule: Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3, where dicots have flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5. ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.