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30. This refembles the foregoing 5 but the root
is biennial, the whole plant is more rugged and hif
pid, the Items are higher, the leaves much nar­
rower, the flowers fmaller, lefs open, and a little
villofe on the outfide. It is alfo a wood plant,
whereas the other grows in open fituations .
Native of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzer­
land, Piedmont, Siberia; flowering in July and auguft. The root is efculent. Introduced in 1783.,
by William Pitcairn, M . D.*.
3 1 . Root large, woody, biennial; from which
rifes a round tuft of rough broad ovate-lanceolate
leaves, as in the Sedums. From the centre of thefe
fprings a item eight or ten inches high, unbranched,
covered with leaves and flowers, the leaves tonguefhaped, longer than the radical ones, equal to the
whole ftem ; the flowers hirfute, white or yellowiih
white, long and (lender, colle&ed into one very
long ovate-cylindric clofe terminating fpike, leafy
at bottom but naked at top \
Sometimes the co­
rolla is cut into four or fix parts, and then there is
z proportional number of ftamens and two ftigmas .
In Switzerland it is common in ftony alpine mea­
dows? on the lower mountains it is more rare. It
was obferved by Ray to grow plentifully on the
higheft tops of Jura. It is alfo a native of Ger­
many, Hungary, Auftria, Carniola, Savoy, and Dau­
phine.
It was introduced in 1 7 8 5 , by William
Pitcairn, M . D . and flowers in July .
3 2 . Stem upright, rough, hairy, from a foot to
two feet in height, befet with flowers from the top
to below the middle, in alternate diftinct bunches,
with a leaf between each. < The lower leaves are
petioled, the reft are feflile; they are all bluntifh,
ferrate, rugged on the upper furface, white with
nap on the under. Corolla white , divided into five
(fometimes feven) (harp fpreading fegments, twirl­
ing at the extremity .
It was firft obferved by Pona on monte Baldo,
flowering in auguft. It is a native alfo of Piedmont,
Silefia, fifc.
3 3 . Leaves oblong, rugged. Flowers folitary from
the forks and ends of the branches, of the fame
ftructure as in C. Medium, but only half the fize j
they are twice as large however as in
C.fibirica .]
3 4 . Root biennial. Leaves oblong, rough, hairy,
ferrate, coming out without order from the root,
narrowing into a petiole. From the centre of thefe
the fecond feafon, arifes a ftifF, hairy, furrowed ftalk,
about two feet high, fending out feveral lateral
branches, with long, narrow, hairy, ferrate, feflile
leaves, placed alternately. From the fetting on of
thefe leaves come out the peduncles, thofe on the
lower part of the ftem and branches four or five
inches long, diminifhing gradually in length up­
wards, and thus forming a fort of pyramid. The
flow ers are very large, and make a fine appearance;
they are fmooth, and the fegments turn back at the
end : they come out the beginning of june, and if
the feafon be not very hot, will continue a month
in beauty. The feeds ripen in feptember, and the
plants decay foon after.
It grows naturally in the woods of Germany, Auf­
tria, and Italy ; and is cultivated in the Englifh gar­
dens for the beauty of its flowers, of which there
are the following varieties : blue, purple, white,
ftriped, and double : but the two laft are not very
common in England.
[It was cultivated here in 1597 °.
3 5 . Root perennial, (according to fome, biennial)
white, large, and woody, fufiform or rather tube­
rous, two, three or more inches in length. The
whole of the plant is villofe. Root-leaves many
(five to ten), oblong-lanceolate or tongue-fhaped,
bluntifh, obfeurely crenulate, fomewhat rugged, from
two to three inches long and upwards, narrowing
into flat petioles. From thefe arifes a fimple up­
right round ftem, from fix to eighteen inches in
f
1
k
1
m
ft
T
f Villars, Allioni, Linn.
e Hort. kew.
*» Haller.
* Villars.
Hort. kew, 3. 486.
Krocker.
* Seguier.
Linn, amocn.
Hart. kew. ftomGcr,
k
a
1
0
6
height, with very few feflile leaves on i t ; and tQ*
wards the top from three or four to five or fix, and
fometimes ten or eleven flowers, forming a kind of
loofe fpike 5 they are large, folitary, nodding, alters
nate, and commonly all directed one way : the-lower
ones are on long peduncles, and the upper flowers
on very fhort ones. Corolla pale blue (fometimes
white), fmoothifh on the outfide, but within bearded
with long white hairs. Calyx hifpid with white
hairs, covered in part with ears or appendicles turn­
ing downwards from the origin of its divifions .
According to Haller, the fruit is five-angled, and
has five obfeure grooves, but is three-celled.
Native of the mountains of Italy, Auftria, Swit­
zerland, Dauphine, and Silefia.
Introduced in 1 7 7 5 , by Doctors Pitcairn and F o thergill. It flowers in June and July
According to the obfervations of Scopoli, it varies*.
I . With one flower ; the ftem fcarcely fix inches
high ; the leaves entire ; the calyx villofe, only half
the length of the corolla, deeply five-cleft, appendicled. This is the one-flowered variety of Haller,
mentioned by Cafpar Bauhin (prodr. 3 7 . ) to be
found by Burfer on the alps. 2. With two flowers.
3. With three flowers, the ftem a foot high, and the
leaves unequally notchletted. 4. With four flowers
or more; well figured by Jacquin (Obf. bot. 2 .
3 7 w i t h many flowers on a ftem.
36. Root biennial, the thicknefs of a finger, two
or three inches long, fufiform. Root-Jeaves linearlanceolate, quite entire, rough, hairy : ftem-leaves
like them, but fhorter and narrower. Stem a foot
high (Krocker fays, four, five, or fix feet; accord­
ing to Haller, very high), with white ftifF hairs,
like all other parts of the plant, and alternate
branches, terminating in a very long loofe fpike
of many feflile, alternate, remote flowers. Calyx
hoary with white hairs. Corolla fmall in comparifon of the plant, fubcylindric, b l u e .
Haller obferves, that it refembles C. Cervicaria
(n. 30.) fo much, that it may feem doubtful whe­
ther it be really diftincl:, but that it is however pro­
bably a different fpecies. T h e flowers, he fays, are
not in a few whorls, but one or two in each axil
from top to bottom, within a boat-ffiaped leaf; the
calyxes and bractes are wholly white with hairs ; and
the top of the ftalk ends, not in a white umbel of
flowers, but in a narrow point.
Thefe long fpikes of flowers bear fo much refemblance to thofe of Echium, that Monf. Villars would
have this fpecies named Campanula echioides.
Allioni remarks, that it puts on a variety of a p ­
pearances in very dry open fituations at the foot of
t h e - A l p s ; where it has very rough linear leaves,
with a curled waving edge, and flowers in a very
long clofe continued fpike. In the county of Nice
it has elliptic leaves., not curled about the edge,
with flowers in an interrupted fpike. But it has
more ufuaily linear leaves, and flowers, though in a
fpike, yet interrupted, fo as to form lateral heads, as
it is reprefented by John Bauhin.
It is common both in. the .Upper ; and Lower
Valais, about Chiavenna, and by the Lago. M a g giore and Como, in the vineyards. Between P i g nerolles and la Perofa, and in the whole valley of
Feneftrelles, very common in dry open rocky fitua­
tions. In Alface between Sultz and Zenne. In
Dauphine, but not common. In Silefia. It flow­
ers in July. Introduced in 1 7 8 6 , by William- Pit­
cairn, M . D.*
3 7 . Root perennial, fufiform.
Stem abfolutely
fimple, fmooth, a fpan high, loaded the whole length
with axillary, folitary flowers. Root-leaves oblong,
lanceolate, blunt, growing wider towards the top,
hirfute, entire: ftem-leaves ligulate, fmaller, feflile.
Peduncles upright, very long, with two bractes.
Valves of the nectary femiovate, blue. Germ blue,
three-cornered, femiovate, faftened by its bafe to
the bottom of the c a l y x ; ftigma trifid. Capfule
p
r
P Krocker, Scop. Haller.
s
H Hort. kew.
Hort, kew,
r
Linn. Krock.
roundifh,