Download Botany Foldable Work for 23

1
Botany Foldable Work for 23-3 STEMS
***1 Tab
OUTSIDE: Stems vary in size, shape, & method of development. They also vary in
____________ & ________________ arrangement of cells.
INSIDE: Some stems grow entirely __________________ while others reach high in the
_____________.
***1 Tab
OUTSIDE: Three Main Functions of Stems:
INSIDE: (You provide the answer!)
*** 3 Tab
OUTSIDE: Stems make up an essential par of the _________________ &
____________________ transport systems of the plant.
INSIDE: The vascular tissue in stems conducts ______________, _______________&
other compounds throughout the plant.
OUTSIDE: ___________________ & _________________ the MAJOR subsystems of
the transport system….
INSIDE: form continuous tubes from the ____________________ through the
______________ to the _________________.
OUTSIDE: In many plants, stems also function as ______________ systems and
INSIDE: also function in the process of __________________.
***2 Tab
OUTSIDE: Like the rest of the plant, stems are composed of three tissue systems:
INSIDE: (You are to list the three tissue systems!)
OUTSIDE: Stems are surrounded by a layer of ____________________ cells that have
INSIDE: thick ___________ ___________________ and a ________________
________________ covering.
*** 4 Tab
OUTSIDE: Stems produce ______________________ & _____________________ and
hold leaves up to sunlight
INSIDE: where they carry out __________________________________.
OUTSIDE: In most plants, stems contain distinct
INSIDE: ____________________ & _________________________.
OUTSIDE: Node
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
OUTSIDE: Internode
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
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***2 Tab
OUTSIDE: Small _____________ are found where leaves attach to the nodes.
INSIDE: ____________ contain _________________ tissue that can produce new
______________ & _________________.
OUTSIDE: In larger plants, stems develop _________________ tissue that helps
INSIDE: _________________ leaves and _____________________.
DRAWING PAGE 589 FIGURE 23-11 “Parts Of A Stem”
*** 3 Tab
OUTSIDE: The arrangement of vascular tissue in the stem of a monocot differs from that
in the stem of a dicot.
INSIDE: Glue this tab down.
OUTSIDE: In a _________________, (INCLUDE AN ILLUSTRATION WITH
COLOR!)
INSIDE: the vascular bundles are scattered;
OUTSIDE: In a __________, (INCLUDE AN ILLUSTRATION WITH COLOR!)
INSIDE: the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring;
*** Tab
OUTSIDE: Vascular bundles contain
INSIDE: _______________ & __________________ tissue.
OUTSIDE: MONOCOT STEMS:
INSIDE: Glue the tab down
OUTSIDE: _________________ faces the outside of the stem, and
INSIDE: _______________ faced the center.
OUTSIDE: ___________________ tissue is fairly uniform.
INSIDE: It consists of mainly ____________________ cells.
OUTSIDE: DICOT STEMS
INSIDE: Glue the tab down
OUTSIDE: Young dicot stems have vascular bundles but,
INSIDE: they are generally arranged in an organized _______________ pattern.
OUTSIDE: The parenchyma cells inside the ring of vascular tissue are known as
INSIDE:_________________, while those on the outside form the ______________ of
the stem.
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*** 3 Tab
OUTSIDE: Plant growth is unique and set apart from all other organisms.
INSIDE: Their entire life, new ___________ are produced at the tips of __________&
_________.
OUTSIDE: PRIMARY GROWTH
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
OUTSIDE: Primary growth of a stem is produced by ___________ _______________
in the
INSIDE:____________________ meristem. It takes place in all ______________ plants.
DRAWING page 590 Figure 23-13 “Primary Growth”
*** 4 Tab
OUTSIDE: What must happen to stems if a plant is to grow larger year after year?
INSIDE: (List two things)
OUTSIDE: SOME monocots such as ____________________ produce thick stems from
a meristem that (ILLUSTRATION WITH COLOR ON OUTSIDE!)
INSIDE: becomes ________ as the plant grows.
OUTSIDE: MOST monocots, such as _________________, produce only __________
growth and (ILLUSTRAION WITH COLOR ON OUTSIDE!)
INSIDE: and do not grow very ___________.
OUTSIDE: Many ____________ grow extremely tall, and also
INSIDE: grow in _____________ to support the extra weight. This growth occurs as a
result of _______________ other than the apical meristem.
***5 Tab
OUTSIDE: SECONDARY GROWTH
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
OUTSIDE: In _______________- & _________________ secondary growth takes place
in
INSIDE: __________________ meristematic tissue called the ___________________
_________________ & ___________________ _______________________.
OUTSIDE: VASCULAR CAMBIUM
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
OUTSIDE: CORK CAMBIUM
INSIDE: (you provide the definition)
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OUTSIDE: Another kind of cambium enables roots to
INSIDE: grow _____________& _____________________. The addition of new tissue
in these cambium layers increases the _________________ of the stem.
DRAWING page 591 Figure 23-14 “Secondary Growth”
*** Tab
OUTSIDE: In a young dicot stem produced by primary growth, bundles of
____________ & ___________________ are arranged in a
INSIDE: ________________.
OUTSIDE: Once secondary growth begins, the vascular cambium appears as a thin layer
situated between clusters of
INSIDE: _______________ ______________.
OUTSIDE: New _______________________ tissue forms between the xylem & phloem
of each vascular bundle.
INSIDE: Divisions in the vascular cambium give rise to new____________________ of
xylem & phloem. As a result, the stem becomes _________________.
OUTSIDE: The cambium continues to produce new layers of _________________
tissue,
INSIDE: causing the stem to become ______________________________________.
*** 5 Tab
OUTSIDE: Most of what we call “wood” is actually
INSIDE: layers of _______________.
OUTSIDE: As woody stems grow thicker, the older ____________ near the center of the
stem,
INSIDE: no longer conducts ________________ and instead becomes known as
____________.
OUTSIDE: ___________________ usually ______________ with age because it
INSIDE: accumulates ___________ that cannot be removed.
OUTSIDE: Heartwood is surrounded by
INSIDE: _________________, which is active in fluid transport & therefore usually
____________ in color.
OUTSIDE: The alternation of light and dark wood produces what is commonly called
INSIDE __________ ___________, each one being composed of a light and dark band
of wood.
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***5 Tab
OUTSIDE: A ring corresponds to
INSIDE: _______________________________________________________________.
OUTSIDE: By counting the rings in a cross section of a tree,
INSIDE: you can estimate its _____________________________.
OUTSIDE: What other information can ring size provide?
INSIDE: (you give the answer)
OUTSIDE: Thick ring (CREATE A COLOR ILLUSTRATION!)
INSIDE: indicates that weather conditions were favorable for growth.
OUTSIDE: Thin ring (CREATE A COLOR ILLUSTRATION!)
INSIDE: Indicates that weather conditions were less favorable for growth.
DRAWING PAGE 593 LAYERS OF A MATURE TREE
**** Tab
OUTSIDE: On most trees BARK includes:
INSIDE: all of the vascular cambium. THIS includes: __________________,
_________________, & ______________________.
OUTSIDE: Bark forms as vascular cambium increases in diameter, forcing
____________________ outward.
INSIDE: This expansion causes the OLDEST tissue to ___________________ &
_____________________ as they are stretched by the expanding stem.
OUTSIDE: _____________ cambium surrounds the cortex and produces a
thick_________ layer of cork. Cork consists of cells that have thick walls and usually
contain _____________, ___________, or ____________.
INSIDE: These substances___________________ the stem.
OUTSIDE: The outermost cork cells are usually _______________.
INSIDE: As the stem increases in size, the dead bark often __________________ &
____________________________ in strips or patches.
DRAWING: FIGURE 23-16 “STEMS ADAPTED FOR STORAGE &
DORMANCY