AP Biology Study Guide 2003-2004
... Nodules: legume’s root swellings called, composed of plant cells that contain nitrogenfixing bacteria (Rhizobium). Bacteriods: vesicles formed by the root cell to house Rhizobium The development of root nodules begins after bacteria enter the root through an ...
... Nodules: legume’s root swellings called, composed of plant cells that contain nitrogenfixing bacteria (Rhizobium). Bacteriods: vesicles formed by the root cell to house Rhizobium The development of root nodules begins after bacteria enter the root through an ...
LECTURE OUTLINE
... Eudicots have two cotyledons, while monocots have only one. Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal A fruit is derived from an ovary and sometimes other flower parts. It protects and helps disperse offspring. Fruits can be simple or compound, dry or fleshy, and so on. Dispersal of Seeds For plants to be wide ...
... Eudicots have two cotyledons, while monocots have only one. Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal A fruit is derived from an ovary and sometimes other flower parts. It protects and helps disperse offspring. Fruits can be simple or compound, dry or fleshy, and so on. Dispersal of Seeds For plants to be wide ...
Slide 1
... seed synthesises amylase in response to this. (3)Amylase then breaks down all the stored starch into maltose and then to glucose. (4)Glucose is used as tissues begin to respire. (5)Gib. regulates the genes that synthesise amylase therefore it is a slow process ...
... seed synthesises amylase in response to this. (3)Amylase then breaks down all the stored starch into maltose and then to glucose. (4)Glucose is used as tissues begin to respire. (5)Gib. regulates the genes that synthesise amylase therefore it is a slow process ...
Excretion is the process in which _____ is (are) removed from the
... rhizome -- n. A horizontal underground stem, such as found in many ferns, where only the leaves may stick up into the air; sphenophytes (horsetails and their relatives) spread via rhizomes, but also produce erect stems. root -- Usually the below ground portion of a plant. Contrast with shoot. rosett ...
... rhizome -- n. A horizontal underground stem, such as found in many ferns, where only the leaves may stick up into the air; sphenophytes (horsetails and their relatives) spread via rhizomes, but also produce erect stems. root -- Usually the below ground portion of a plant. Contrast with shoot. rosett ...
Separates the xylem from the phloem
... Vascular has tissues with tube like cells that run up and down the stem. Nonvascular does not have tissues; instead their cells are packed together like a jigsaw puzzle. 500 - What do all green plants have in common? 3 out of 5 -contain chlorophyll to make food -cell wall which gives plants their sh ...
... Vascular has tissues with tube like cells that run up and down the stem. Nonvascular does not have tissues; instead their cells are packed together like a jigsaw puzzle. 500 - What do all green plants have in common? 3 out of 5 -contain chlorophyll to make food -cell wall which gives plants their sh ...
Ch31
... Plants are made of cells organized into tissues and organs. Roots, stems, flowers and fruits are organs. There are three tissue systems that extend throughout the entire body of the plant. Each tissue system contains two or more tissues, which can be simple or complex depending on the kinds of cells ...
... Plants are made of cells organized into tissues and organs. Roots, stems, flowers and fruits are organs. There are three tissue systems that extend throughout the entire body of the plant. Each tissue system contains two or more tissues, which can be simple or complex depending on the kinds of cells ...
PLANT REPRODUCTION QUESTION 1973:
... promote joining of vascular tissue of leaves increase size of grapes and loosen with that of stems. clusters. affect transcription of at least ten genes break seed and bud dormancy. involved with growth. stimulate leaf growth in monocots. inhibit growth of main roots. inhibit root formation. inhibit ...
... promote joining of vascular tissue of leaves increase size of grapes and loosen with that of stems. clusters. affect transcription of at least ten genes break seed and bud dormancy. involved with growth. stimulate leaf growth in monocots. inhibit growth of main roots. inhibit root formation. inhibit ...
Chapter 1 Cells and kingdoms
... Organism: A living thing Cell: The smallest unit of living things that carry out the basic processes of life ...
... Organism: A living thing Cell: The smallest unit of living things that carry out the basic processes of life ...
Warm-Up
... Egg cell plant embryo Ovules inside ovary seeds Ripe ovary fruit Fruit protects enclosed seed(s) Aids in dispersal by water, wind, or animals ...
... Egg cell plant embryo Ovules inside ovary seeds Ripe ovary fruit Fruit protects enclosed seed(s) Aids in dispersal by water, wind, or animals ...
Test - Plants 1. Tissues for conducting water and dissolved materials
... A storage tissue in roots and stems is the a. cortex b. xylem ...
... A storage tissue in roots and stems is the a. cortex b. xylem ...
plant form and function _1
... Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they germinate? Why did the development of the seed was a major factor in the success of plants? How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ from the flowers of animal-pollinated plants? How might it be an advantage for a pla ...
... Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they germinate? Why did the development of the seed was a major factor in the success of plants? How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ from the flowers of animal-pollinated plants? How might it be an advantage for a pla ...
KINGDOM PLANTAE
... • The entire male part is called the stamen. • The male reproductive part of the flower includes the filament (tube) and anther (where the pollen is. ...
... • The entire male part is called the stamen. • The male reproductive part of the flower includes the filament (tube) and anther (where the pollen is. ...
File
... Plant cells can produce hormones: which are chemical messengers that travel throughout the plant causing other cells called target cells to respond. In plants, hormones control: Plant growth & development 1. When trees to drop their leaves. 2. When to start new growth. 3. When to cause fruit t ...
... Plant cells can produce hormones: which are chemical messengers that travel throughout the plant causing other cells called target cells to respond. In plants, hormones control: Plant growth & development 1. When trees to drop their leaves. 2. When to start new growth. 3. When to cause fruit t ...
Plant Systems
... • A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a similar function. – The cells in tissues are specialized to perform specific functions. – All these cells develop from unspecialized cells during cellular differentiation Recall: what were unspecialized cells called in animals? Stem Cells! ...
... • A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a similar function. – The cells in tissues are specialized to perform specific functions. – All these cells develop from unspecialized cells during cellular differentiation Recall: what were unspecialized cells called in animals? Stem Cells! ...
Dosyayı İndir
... Today, they dominate the landscape and about 250,000 species are known, but many more remain to be characterized. The major innovation of the angiosperms is the flower; hence they are referred to as flowering plants. Angiosperms are divided into two major groups, • Dicotyledons (dicots) • Monocotyle ...
... Today, they dominate the landscape and about 250,000 species are known, but many more remain to be characterized. The major innovation of the angiosperms is the flower; hence they are referred to as flowering plants. Angiosperms are divided into two major groups, • Dicotyledons (dicots) • Monocotyle ...
BIOL 121
... roots, and rigid stems. Ferns are seedless plants whose flagellated sperm also require moisture to reach an egg. A major step in plant evolution was the appearance of seed plants - gymnosperms and angiosperms - vascular plants with pollen grains for transporting sperm and protection of their embryo ...
... roots, and rigid stems. Ferns are seedless plants whose flagellated sperm also require moisture to reach an egg. A major step in plant evolution was the appearance of seed plants - gymnosperms and angiosperms - vascular plants with pollen grains for transporting sperm and protection of their embryo ...
plants - Doral Academy Preparatory
... A waxy layer that coats the surface of stems, leaves, and other plant parts exposed to the air. Keeps plants from drying out. ...
... A waxy layer that coats the surface of stems, leaves, and other plant parts exposed to the air. Keeps plants from drying out. ...
Courtesy of Wm. C. Brown Publishers
... Support (hold up leaves) Store (food and water) Protect (thorns) Reproduction (stolons) ...
... Support (hold up leaves) Store (food and water) Protect (thorns) Reproduction (stolons) ...
Botany Student Notes File
... 1. ________________________- One of two types of plant tissue capable of carrying on mitosis a) ___________________________- tissues near the tip of the root responsible for downward growth b) _________________________________- tissue near the tip of a stem that produces upward growth c) The lengthe ...
... 1. ________________________- One of two types of plant tissue capable of carrying on mitosis a) ___________________________- tissues near the tip of the root responsible for downward growth b) _________________________________- tissue near the tip of a stem that produces upward growth c) The lengthe ...
Parts of a Flower
... • The root is the first plant structure to emerge from a seed during germination. • Roots are mostly found below the soil surface and represent about 50% of a plant’s weight. • The primary functions of roots are to absorb water and nutrients from the soil and to support the plant in an upright posit ...
... • The root is the first plant structure to emerge from a seed during germination. • Roots are mostly found below the soil surface and represent about 50% of a plant’s weight. • The primary functions of roots are to absorb water and nutrients from the soil and to support the plant in an upright posit ...
Features of Land Plants
... Many land plants possess a cuticle, a waxy layer on leaves to prevent water loss and infection Stomata, present mostly on the leaves allow for gas exchange and evaporation of water Vascular tissue transports water and ...
... Many land plants possess a cuticle, a waxy layer on leaves to prevent water loss and infection Stomata, present mostly on the leaves allow for gas exchange and evaporation of water Vascular tissue transports water and ...
Ground tissue
... absorb water and minerals 2. Shoot system, which is above ground -Consists of supporting stems, photosynthetic leaves and reproductive ...
... absorb water and minerals 2. Shoot system, which is above ground -Consists of supporting stems, photosynthetic leaves and reproductive ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.