S T A ?
... inundation, erosion, storm surge, and more intense storms.9 For other communities, climate change may take the form of heatwaves, drought and increased wildfires, shifting snowpack melt, floods, and drastic ecosystem changes.10 Some communities may even experience beneficial impacts from climate cha ...
... inundation, erosion, storm surge, and more intense storms.9 For other communities, climate change may take the form of heatwaves, drought and increased wildfires, shifting snowpack melt, floods, and drastic ecosystem changes.10 Some communities may even experience beneficial impacts from climate cha ...
The Geopolitics of Climate Change
... international politics in general and international security in particular. The report focuses on whether and in what way climate change may alter the conditions of international security. From this perspective, the initial effects of climate change will vary according to existing economic, politica ...
... international politics in general and international security in particular. The report focuses on whether and in what way climate change may alter the conditions of international security. From this perspective, the initial effects of climate change will vary according to existing economic, politica ...
Understanding Earth`s Deep Past: Lessons for Our Climate Future
... learned from the repeated inability of existing climate models to recreate the large changes in global temperature distributions and climates that can be deciphered from deep-time records of past climates that were much different than Earth’s current glacial state. Despite its potential, the deep-ti ...
... learned from the repeated inability of existing climate models to recreate the large changes in global temperature distributions and climates that can be deciphered from deep-time records of past climates that were much different than Earth’s current glacial state. Despite its potential, the deep-ti ...
A Review of Downscaling Methods for Climate
... Aerosols can cool the surface of the Earth via reflection of solar radiation. This is termed the direct effect. The effect of aerosols on the radiative properties of Earth’s cloud cover is referred to as the indirect effect. Downscaling: Derivation of local to regional-scale (10-100 kilometers) info ...
... Aerosols can cool the surface of the Earth via reflection of solar radiation. This is termed the direct effect. The effect of aerosols on the radiative properties of Earth’s cloud cover is referred to as the indirect effect. Downscaling: Derivation of local to regional-scale (10-100 kilometers) info ...
Committee on America's Climate Choices; National Research Council
... on key issues, and hear about relevant work carried out by others. Additional outside viewpoints and perspectives were obtained via public events and workshops, invited presentations at meetings, and comments and questions received through the study website http://americasclimatechoices.org. The Pan ...
... on key issues, and hear about relevant work carried out by others. Additional outside viewpoints and perspectives were obtained via public events and workshops, invited presentations at meetings, and comments and questions received through the study website http://americasclimatechoices.org. The Pan ...
21st Century Precipitation Changes over the Los Angeles Region
... changes for both time slices are presented. It is demonstrated that the results are similar to what ...
... changes for both time slices are presented. It is demonstrated that the results are similar to what ...
Modelling Abrupt Glacial Climate Change
... nice times in France, although I found out my driving style is not dynamic enough to your needs… Thanks to all friends I’ve made over the last six years. I would especially like to thank Katrien, Sarah, Claudia, Julia, Han and Percy for always standing by me. There have been numerous decisive points ...
... nice times in France, although I found out my driving style is not dynamic enough to your needs… Thanks to all friends I’ve made over the last six years. I would especially like to thank Katrien, Sarah, Claudia, Julia, Han and Percy for always standing by me. There have been numerous decisive points ...
Validation of Downscaled Climate Change Scenarios of
... of climate change on vulnerability of agricultural production systems and focuses on climate change impacts and options for adaptation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). To achieve this the project seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions ...
... of climate change on vulnerability of agricultural production systems and focuses on climate change impacts and options for adaptation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). To achieve this the project seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions ...
Nota di lavoro 2000.038 - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... Global climate change and the threat of accelerated sea-level rise exacerbate the already existing high risks of storm surges, severe waves and tsunamis. Climate change may not only enhance the most threatening extreme events (e.g., through increasing storminess) but also aggravate long-term biogeop ...
... Global climate change and the threat of accelerated sea-level rise exacerbate the already existing high risks of storm surges, severe waves and tsunamis. Climate change may not only enhance the most threatening extreme events (e.g., through increasing storminess) but also aggravate long-term biogeop ...
White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to Agenda 2030
... relationship. It is recognised that anthropogenic factors have a major impact on water resources, however climate and weather influence is more significant. The most important impacts of climate variability and change are brought about through the hydrological cycle: for example floods are the most ...
... relationship. It is recognised that anthropogenic factors have a major impact on water resources, however climate and weather influence is more significant. The most important impacts of climate variability and change are brought about through the hydrological cycle: for example floods are the most ...
Impacts of climate change on disadvantaged UK coastal communities
... Coastal local authorities that contain areas of high deprivation may also be less likely to be able to afford or prioritise undertaking adaptation activities. In addition, local authorities in coastal areas may have other issues that need attention and funding, such as regeneration and housing needs ...
... Coastal local authorities that contain areas of high deprivation may also be less likely to be able to afford or prioritise undertaking adaptation activities. In addition, local authorities in coastal areas may have other issues that need attention and funding, such as regeneration and housing needs ...
Behaviour Change - Appendix B
... On a local level; there is a great interest in environmental initiatives taken on by government agencies such as the Environment Agency and English Nature, as they directly affect people¹s everyday lives. This has led to opposition by local parties concerned, in particular farmers who see land left ...
... On a local level; there is a great interest in environmental initiatives taken on by government agencies such as the Environment Agency and English Nature, as they directly affect people¹s everyday lives. This has led to opposition by local parties concerned, in particular farmers who see land left ...
Lecture 3 CIP Module Montreal Conference Draft
... VII. End notes ................................................................................................................................ 88 ...
... VII. End notes ................................................................................................................................ 88 ...
Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives
... The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) states unequivocally that the world is warming. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change is affecting natural and human systems. There is increasing concern about the likely implicatio ...
... The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) states unequivocally that the world is warming. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change is affecting natural and human systems. There is increasing concern about the likely implicatio ...
5b2014 - Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
... i.e. benefits that the nature produces for us humans. The most important means of mitigating the risks associated with climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the global scale. Climate change adaptation is closely linked to the international efforts to succeed in climate change mitig ...
... i.e. benefits that the nature produces for us humans. The most important means of mitigating the risks associated with climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the global scale. Climate change adaptation is closely linked to the international efforts to succeed in climate change mitig ...
Relative impacts of land use and climate change on summer
... perturbation under present land use conditions increases precipitation amounts by on average 7–8 % and amplifies precipitation intensity. However, when also considering future land use, the increase is reduced to 2–6 % on average, and no intensification of extreme precipitation is simulated. In all, ...
... perturbation under present land use conditions increases precipitation amounts by on average 7–8 % and amplifies precipitation intensity. However, when also considering future land use, the increase is reduced to 2–6 % on average, and no intensification of extreme precipitation is simulated. In all, ...
Climate change data and risk assessment methodologies for the
... Figure 3-8. Active sea level gauges in the Caribbean, as reported by the PSMSL. The colors of the symbols indicate the length of record, and most are 30 years or less. ............................26 Figure 3-9. Sea level (monthly and annual mean) for a gauge in Cristobal (Panama). This is one of the ...
... Figure 3-8. Active sea level gauges in the Caribbean, as reported by the PSMSL. The colors of the symbols indicate the length of record, and most are 30 years or less. ............................26 Figure 3-9. Sea level (monthly and annual mean) for a gauge in Cristobal (Panama). This is one of the ...
The Global Climate Observing System Programme The Global
... ... in perspective and communication between development and climate community ... in evidence of impact of climate variability (cv) and climate change (cc) on MDG-related outcomes ... in evidence of utility of climate information to reduce impact of negative (and enhance positive) impact of cv and ...
... ... in perspective and communication between development and climate community ... in evidence of impact of climate variability (cv) and climate change (cc) on MDG-related outcomes ... in evidence of utility of climate information to reduce impact of negative (and enhance positive) impact of cv and ...
Simulating Future Wheat Yields` Response to Climate Change and
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023
... worked out practical solutions to cope with the rapidly changing climate by putting in place new policies, strategies and plans. The CCCSP is prepared following the guidelines of the Council of Ministers and is consistent with the planning cycle of the NSDP. Line ministries have provided inputs to t ...
... worked out practical solutions to cope with the rapidly changing climate by putting in place new policies, strategies and plans. The CCCSP is prepared following the guidelines of the Council of Ministers and is consistent with the planning cycle of the NSDP. Line ministries have provided inputs to t ...
COMMENTS OF CALIFORNIA ATTORNEY EDMUND G. BROWN
... reproduced only when model simulations include both natural and anthropogenic forcings, i.e., simulations that remove anthropogenic forcings are unable to reproduce observed temperature changes. Thus, the warming cannot be explained by natural variability alone. Observational evidence from all cont ...
... reproduced only when model simulations include both natural and anthropogenic forcings, i.e., simulations that remove anthropogenic forcings are unable to reproduce observed temperature changes. Thus, the warming cannot be explained by natural variability alone. Observational evidence from all cont ...
Future wet grasslands: ecological implications of climate change
... scenarios and identifying types likely to be affected (Table 2). This synthesis indicates that wet grasslands located in tundra or boreal climates are likely to be affected by less ice and snow cover. Temperate humid wet grasslands could be subject to increased precipitation and sea level rise, the ...
... scenarios and identifying types likely to be affected (Table 2). This synthesis indicates that wet grasslands located in tundra or boreal climates are likely to be affected by less ice and snow cover. Temperate humid wet grasslands could be subject to increased precipitation and sea level rise, the ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.