Risk-based assessment of climate change impacts
... conditions. Past observations establish a trend, although lengths of time series of different parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate project ...
... conditions. Past observations establish a trend, although lengths of time series of different parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate project ...
the northward course of the anthropocene
... spatial setting for climate crisis discourse. The recent alterations in the Arctic environment have also been perceived by some observers as an opportunity to expand economic exploitation. Heightened geopolitical interest in the region and its resources, contradicted by calls for the protection of f ...
... spatial setting for climate crisis discourse. The recent alterations in the Arctic environment have also been perceived by some observers as an opportunity to expand economic exploitation. Heightened geopolitical interest in the region and its resources, contradicted by calls for the protection of f ...
A Warm Response, Our Climate Change Challenge
... consensus on anthropogenic global warming has emerged. Today there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities and that human-induced climate change, additional to that caused by natural variability, is now taking place (I ...
... consensus on anthropogenic global warming has emerged. Today there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities and that human-induced climate change, additional to that caused by natural variability, is now taking place (I ...
Thomas Sheffer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
... Global climate change is increasingly regarded not as a questionable future phenomenon but an observable one of the present. Many parts of the world are now experiencing discernible shifts in temperature, precipitation patterns and sea level – trends that even the most ambitious efforts to reduce GH ...
... Global climate change is increasingly regarded not as a questionable future phenomenon but an observable one of the present. Many parts of the world are now experiencing discernible shifts in temperature, precipitation patterns and sea level – trends that even the most ambitious efforts to reduce GH ...
Climate Criminal.
... Heartland also publishes the Non Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report, an effort to muddy the waters on the science of climate change. The report concludes that “rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels are causing ‘no net harm to the global environment or to human health and often ...
... Heartland also publishes the Non Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report, an effort to muddy the waters on the science of climate change. The report concludes that “rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels are causing ‘no net harm to the global environment or to human health and often ...
projected to rise another 3.5 to 9 F by as early as 2070
... Importantly, the scenarios considered in this study are not predictions. They are plausible future conditions based on combinations of choices that have yet to be made. The magnitude (and, in some cases, the direction) of impacts associated with climate change depends on the magnitude of CO2 emissio ...
... Importantly, the scenarios considered in this study are not predictions. They are plausible future conditions based on combinations of choices that have yet to be made. The magnitude (and, in some cases, the direction) of impacts associated with climate change depends on the magnitude of CO2 emissio ...
Spending adaptation money wisely: Working Paper 37 (opens in new window)
... Timing and scope Even if society were perfectly adapted to today’s climate, preparing for climate change would still be a major challenge. Our response to prevailing climate conditions is ingrained in most areas of human activity and the majority of them will require some degree of adjustment, inclu ...
... Timing and scope Even if society were perfectly adapted to today’s climate, preparing for climate change would still be a major challenge. Our response to prevailing climate conditions is ingrained in most areas of human activity and the majority of them will require some degree of adjustment, inclu ...
i2146e00
... 2.21 Using the EAF issue identification process to identify climate change impacts ......................... 43 2.22 The EAA planning and implementation process ......................................................................... 49 2.23 Main issues relating to aquaculture impacts on the ecosys ...
... 2.21 Using the EAF issue identification process to identify climate change impacts ......................... 43 2.22 The EAA planning and implementation process ......................................................................... 49 2.23 Main issues relating to aquaculture impacts on the ecosys ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate – Chapter 5
... The environment and socio-economic characteristics of the northern coast are unique. Inhabited primarily by Indigenous populations living in small remote communities, Canada’s northern coastline is vast, representing more than 70% of all Canadian coasts. The presence of sea ice is a defining feature ...
... The environment and socio-economic characteristics of the northern coast are unique. Inhabited primarily by Indigenous populations living in small remote communities, Canada’s northern coastline is vast, representing more than 70% of all Canadian coasts. The presence of sea ice is a defining feature ...
Civil Society Guide to Healthy Rivers and Climate
... models, or GCMs, representing physical processes in the atmosphere, ocean and land surface are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Scientists attempt to understand regional impacts by downsc ...
... models, or GCMs, representing physical processes in the atmosphere, ocean and land surface are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Scientists attempt to understand regional impacts by downsc ...
Implications for Crop Production - DigitalCommons@University of
... to produce a sufficient food supply for its population. Projected increases in temperatures for the entire United States will increase soil water evaporation and crop transpiration. This could lead to an increase in soil water deficits and economic losses unless mitigated by other factors, such as: ...
... to produce a sufficient food supply for its population. Projected increases in temperatures for the entire United States will increase soil water evaporation and crop transpiration. This could lead to an increase in soil water deficits and economic losses unless mitigated by other factors, such as: ...
Background Document - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... The changes in temperature will be characterized by more days of temperatures over 35 degrees Celsius and possibly more days where the temperature will fall below zero. The effects that will have to be monitored in the hill regions will be an increase in frost-cycles that have detrimental effect on ...
... The changes in temperature will be characterized by more days of temperatures over 35 degrees Celsius and possibly more days where the temperature will fall below zero. The effects that will have to be monitored in the hill regions will be an increase in frost-cycles that have detrimental effect on ...
More Than 1000 International Scientists Dissent
... damaging, many climate scientists have responded to critiques by questioning the integrity of their critics, rather than by supplying data and reasoned arguments." For full list of Climategate related scandals See: Climate Scandals: List Of 94 Climate-Gates -94 climate-gates total -- 28 new gates -- ...
... damaging, many climate scientists have responded to critiques by questioning the integrity of their critics, rather than by supplying data and reasoned arguments." For full list of Climategate related scandals See: Climate Scandals: List Of 94 Climate-Gates -94 climate-gates total -- 28 new gates -- ...
Why Regulation of Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act`s
... permit program, the mobile source emissions and fuel standards (hereinafter Mobile Source Emissions Standards), and the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.16 The NAAQS and the Mobile Source Emissions Standards are the programs focused on in this article. The NAAQS provide one ...
... permit program, the mobile source emissions and fuel standards (hereinafter Mobile Source Emissions Standards), and the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.16 The NAAQS and the Mobile Source Emissions Standards are the programs focused on in this article. The NAAQS provide one ...
Working Paper 214 - Waldinger (opens in new window)
... The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides historical background on the Little Ice Age and on the relationship between climate, agricultural productivity and urban growth in Early Modern Europe. Section 3 describes the construction of the data set. Section 4 introduces th ...
... The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides historical background on the Little Ice Age and on the relationship between climate, agricultural productivity and urban growth in Early Modern Europe. Section 3 describes the construction of the data set. Section 4 introduces th ...
More Than 1000 International Scientists Dissent Over Man
... damaging, many climate scientists have responded to critiques by questioning the integrity of their critics, rather than by supplying data and reasoned arguments." For full list of Climategate related scandals See: Climate Scandals: List Of 94 Climate-Gates -94 climate-gates total -- 28 new gates -- ...
... damaging, many climate scientists have responded to critiques by questioning the integrity of their critics, rather than by supplying data and reasoned arguments." For full list of Climategate related scandals See: Climate Scandals: List Of 94 Climate-Gates -94 climate-gates total -- 28 new gates -- ...
Theme3_summary_Strong
... (6) Sunlight returns in the spring UV radiation breaks Cl2 apart to form Cl (7) Catalytic chlorine and bromine cycles destroy ozone, while recycling Cl This continues until the Sun causes a dynamical breakdown of the winter vortex and PSCs evaporate. ...
... (6) Sunlight returns in the spring UV radiation breaks Cl2 apart to form Cl (7) Catalytic chlorine and bromine cycles destroy ozone, while recycling Cl This continues until the Sun causes a dynamical breakdown of the winter vortex and PSCs evaporate. ...
56 - University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
... Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Third Assessment Report United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
... Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Third Assessment Report United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: Engaging
... The central argument for climate change adaptation is that climate change is inevitable due to historic emissions and inertia within the climate system.2 Even stringent emissions reduction efforts cannot avoid impacts for some decades to come. Climate change adaptation is therefore essential to redu ...
... The central argument for climate change adaptation is that climate change is inevitable due to historic emissions and inertia within the climate system.2 Even stringent emissions reduction efforts cannot avoid impacts for some decades to come. Climate change adaptation is therefore essential to redu ...
PDF
... some other areas will reduce soil moisture, thereby causing decreases in farm and forestry productivity. These changes affect commodity production. In Canada, for example, output of wheat, other grains, nongrains, livestock, and forest products increases, while in Southeast Asia, output of these com ...
... some other areas will reduce soil moisture, thereby causing decreases in farm and forestry productivity. These changes affect commodity production. In Canada, for example, output of wheat, other grains, nongrains, livestock, and forest products increases, while in Southeast Asia, output of these com ...
Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
Proposed NSF Center on Climate Decision Making Carnegie Mellon
... Decision case studies…(Cont.) Once results from the climate science elicitation studies from Part 1 become available, we will use them, along with the other sector-specific information we have developed, to begin to create a set of decision support tools that are appropriate given the limitations on ...
... Decision case studies…(Cont.) Once results from the climate science elicitation studies from Part 1 become available, we will use them, along with the other sector-specific information we have developed, to begin to create a set of decision support tools that are appropriate given the limitations on ...
MIGRATION AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1
... representation of exposure (E) in the model is expanded by showing that it varies according to the frequency (F), longevity (L) and spatial extent (S) of the climaterelated perturbation. Exposures are not simply the result of biophysical processes. Rather, as shown in the natural hazards literature, ...
... representation of exposure (E) in the model is expanded by showing that it varies according to the frequency (F), longevity (L) and spatial extent (S) of the climaterelated perturbation. Exposures are not simply the result of biophysical processes. Rather, as shown in the natural hazards literature, ...
Global action on climate change in agriculture: Linkages to food security, markets and trade policies in developing countries
... change adaptation and mitigation. The report offers some answers and concrete proposals – while recognizing that much more needs to be learned, more questions formulated, and more experience gained, to build an effective strategy to support global agricultural adaptation while harnessing its signifi ...
... change adaptation and mitigation. The report offers some answers and concrete proposals – while recognizing that much more needs to be learned, more questions formulated, and more experience gained, to build an effective strategy to support global agricultural adaptation while harnessing its signifi ...
To What Extent Are African Countries Vulnerable to Climate
... part to the destruction of the ozone layer, which is mainly due to industrial activity in developed countries, and to lesser extent in large emerging countries, but not to the expansion of African industrial activity. Most African countries frequently deal with risks resulting from climate, such as ...
... part to the destruction of the ozone layer, which is mainly due to industrial activity in developed countries, and to lesser extent in large emerging countries, but not to the expansion of African industrial activity. Most African countries frequently deal with risks resulting from climate, such as ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.