Future wet grasslands: ecological implications of climate change
... scenarios and identifying types likely to be affected (Table 2). This synthesis indicates that wet grasslands located in tundra or boreal climates are likely to be affected by less ice and snow cover. Temperate humid wet grasslands could be subject to increased precipitation and sea level rise, the ...
... scenarios and identifying types likely to be affected (Table 2). This synthesis indicates that wet grasslands located in tundra or boreal climates are likely to be affected by less ice and snow cover. Temperate humid wet grasslands could be subject to increased precipitation and sea level rise, the ...
Lecture 3 FINAL DRAFT
... In Lecture 1, it was explained how global warming is expected to lead to changes in local climates, including changes in average weather conditions, in the frequency and severity of extremes, in the range of variability and in the state of water cycles, snow and ice cover, coasts and oceans. Lecture ...
... In Lecture 1, it was explained how global warming is expected to lead to changes in local climates, including changes in average weather conditions, in the frequency and severity of extremes, in the range of variability and in the state of water cycles, snow and ice cover, coasts and oceans. Lecture ...
Africa and Climate: Report
... industry, and with it reduction in levels of poverty, has a high level of dependency upon water availability. In turn, water availability is reliant on rainfall over a continent subject to marked inter-annual variations in rainfall and predicted, for much of its surface, to become drier as the atmos ...
... industry, and with it reduction in levels of poverty, has a high level of dependency upon water availability. In turn, water availability is reliant on rainfall over a continent subject to marked inter-annual variations in rainfall and predicted, for much of its surface, to become drier as the atmos ...
The coral reef crisis: The critical importance of
... the viability of almost all reefs, will be reached in the 2030s (Meehl et al., 2007; Raupach et al., 2007). The result will be widespread destruction of coral communities, with a few persisting in shaded, turbid waters or at depth (generally below 20 m in clear water). The major issue here is that r ...
... the viability of almost all reefs, will be reached in the 2030s (Meehl et al., 2007; Raupach et al., 2007). The result will be widespread destruction of coral communities, with a few persisting in shaded, turbid waters or at depth (generally below 20 m in clear water). The major issue here is that r ...
Climate change and changes in global precipitation patterns: What
... precipitation separate from ENSO and other modes (patterns) of climate variability. 2.1.1. Mid- and high latitudes Over the 20th century, annual zonally averaged precipitation increased by between 7% and 12% for the zones 30-N to 85-N and by about 2% between 0-S and 55-S. The increase in the Norther ...
... precipitation separate from ENSO and other modes (patterns) of climate variability. 2.1.1. Mid- and high latitudes Over the 20th century, annual zonally averaged precipitation increased by between 7% and 12% for the zones 30-N to 85-N and by about 2% between 0-S and 55-S. The increase in the Norther ...
The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global
... As evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change has increased, international efforts have focused on ways in which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed n ...
... As evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change has increased, international efforts have focused on ways in which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed n ...
Sinks that stink - World Rainforest Movement
... field. Usually consisting of thousands or even millions of trees of the same species, bred for rapid growth, uniformity and high yield of raw material and planted in even - aged stands, they require intensive preparation of the soil, fertilisation, planting with regular spacing, selection of seedlin ...
... field. Usually consisting of thousands or even millions of trees of the same species, bred for rapid growth, uniformity and high yield of raw material and planted in even - aged stands, they require intensive preparation of the soil, fertilisation, planting with regular spacing, selection of seedlin ...
Arctic Ecozone + highlights and key findings
... • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorse ...
... • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorse ...
S2009001_en.pdf
... irreversible. The challenge of simultaneously adapting to new climatic conditions and participating in an international mitigation strategy entails costs of such a magnitude that climate change will heavily condition the nature of economic development in the decades ahead. The socio-economic, instit ...
... irreversible. The challenge of simultaneously adapting to new climatic conditions and participating in an international mitigation strategy entails costs of such a magnitude that climate change will heavily condition the nature of economic development in the decades ahead. The socio-economic, instit ...
Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement
... Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement Special Report Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement ...
... Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement Special Report Climate Protection as a World Citizen Movement ...
Role
... emissions are reduced limiting climate change Cooperation is needed to ensure global optimal level of mitigation ...
... emissions are reduced limiting climate change Cooperation is needed to ensure global optimal level of mitigation ...
Climate change scenarios
... the levels of change under the UKCIP98 scenarios. Adaptations to the main impacts have been identified and these have been related to the level of the industry most likely to initiate or fund the change, e.g. grower, commercial interests, government/levy body. Where quantitative information is avail ...
... the levels of change under the UKCIP98 scenarios. Adaptations to the main impacts have been identified and these have been related to the level of the industry most likely to initiate or fund the change, e.g. grower, commercial interests, government/levy body. Where quantitative information is avail ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 5 Coordinating Lead Authors
... storms related impacts and associated storm surges will be worsened by GMSL rise although uncertainty related to changes in tropical and mid-latitude cyclones at the regional scale will signify that there is low confidence in projections of storm surge change [5.3.3.2]. Both relative sea level rise ...
... storms related impacts and associated storm surges will be worsened by GMSL rise although uncertainty related to changes in tropical and mid-latitude cyclones at the regional scale will signify that there is low confidence in projections of storm surge change [5.3.3.2]. Both relative sea level rise ...
International Polar Year Canadian Science Report: Highlights
... Fifty years later, International Polar Year 2007-2008 constituted a massive research effort with hundreds of Canadian scientists working closely with international colleagues — and, notably, with northern indigenous peoples and communities. Unlike earlier polar years, IPY 2007-2008 included major re ...
... Fifty years later, International Polar Year 2007-2008 constituted a massive research effort with hundreds of Canadian scientists working closely with international colleagues — and, notably, with northern indigenous peoples and communities. Unlike earlier polar years, IPY 2007-2008 included major re ...
Hybrid statistical–dynamic seasonal streamflow forecasting method
... hydroclimate variable of interest. In contrast, global climate models simulate atmospheric and oceanographic physics: information about current conditions (e.g., sea-surface temperature) is used to initialise the model, and the model estimates the future climate several months or years ahead. Global ...
... hydroclimate variable of interest. In contrast, global climate models simulate atmospheric and oceanographic physics: information about current conditions (e.g., sea-surface temperature) is used to initialise the model, and the model estimates the future climate several months or years ahead. Global ...
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access
... interannual scales, on the UK tourism demand. The results showed that the United Kingdom’s outbound tourism demand is highly sensitive to climate variability within the preceding year, while the UK’s domestic tourism demand is exceptionally sensitive to climate variability within the travel year. Go ...
... interannual scales, on the UK tourism demand. The results showed that the United Kingdom’s outbound tourism demand is highly sensitive to climate variability within the preceding year, while the UK’s domestic tourism demand is exceptionally sensitive to climate variability within the travel year. Go ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... while increasing the risk of flooding. On a high emissions pathway, what is now a ‘30-year flood’ could become three times more frequent in the Yellow River and Indus basins, and six times more frequent in the Ganges basin, over the course of the century, on a central estimate. In the worst case for ...
... while increasing the risk of flooding. On a high emissions pathway, what is now a ‘30-year flood’ could become three times more frequent in the Yellow River and Indus basins, and six times more frequent in the Ganges basin, over the course of the century, on a central estimate. In the worst case for ...
Montane forest root growth and soil organic layer depth as potential
... Soil organic layer depth sharply decreased with increased mean annual temperatures between the upland and lowland sites across the Peruvian transect indicating organic layer depth is a strongly temperaturedependent ecosystem property (Figure 1d). This thinning of the organic layer led to an estimate ...
... Soil organic layer depth sharply decreased with increased mean annual temperatures between the upland and lowland sites across the Peruvian transect indicating organic layer depth is a strongly temperaturedependent ecosystem property (Figure 1d). This thinning of the organic layer led to an estimate ...
climate change - Centre for Science and Policy
... while increasing the risk of flooding. On a high emissions pathway, what is now a ‘30-year flood’ could become three times more frequent in the Yellow River and Indus basins, and six times more frequent in the Ganges basin, over the course of the century, on a central estimate. In the worst case for ...
... while increasing the risk of flooding. On a high emissions pathway, what is now a ‘30-year flood’ could become three times more frequent in the Yellow River and Indus basins, and six times more frequent in the Ganges basin, over the course of the century, on a central estimate. In the worst case for ...
ocean governance for the 21st century: making marine zoning
... Marine spatial planning is a widely promoted technique for achieving at least the first three of these goals, but its integration with climate change adaptation is less than complete. The concept of marine spatial planning derives from terrestrial counterparts: land use planning and municipal zon- ...
... Marine spatial planning is a widely promoted technique for achieving at least the first three of these goals, but its integration with climate change adaptation is less than complete. The concept of marine spatial planning derives from terrestrial counterparts: land use planning and municipal zon- ...
Working Paper No.7 - Climate Learning and Knowledge
... Climate Learning for African Agriculture, funded by the Climate and Knowledge Development Network. Uganda is a land-‐locked country in East Africa lying across the equator. It has equatorial ...
... Climate Learning for African Agriculture, funded by the Climate and Knowledge Development Network. Uganda is a land-‐locked country in East Africa lying across the equator. It has equatorial ...
ADAPTATION OPTIONS IN AGRICULTURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
... change (IPCC 1996; 2001), adaptation in agriculture has still received little explicit consideration in the impact assessment literature (Chiotti and Johnston 1995). This is partly because many studies do not go beyond estimating crop yield responses, essentially ignoring human decision-making in th ...
... change (IPCC 1996; 2001), adaptation in agriculture has still received little explicit consideration in the impact assessment literature (Chiotti and Johnston 1995). This is partly because many studies do not go beyond estimating crop yield responses, essentially ignoring human decision-making in th ...
Climate change: impacts and adaptation for agriculture in Western
... working to reduce the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate variability and change and to increase the sector’s adaptive capacity. In 2010, DAFWA developed a ‘Climate change response strategy’ to provide strategic direction for climate change activities and to identify and prioritise a ...
... working to reduce the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate variability and change and to increase the sector’s adaptive capacity. In 2010, DAFWA developed a ‘Climate change response strategy’ to provide strategic direction for climate change activities and to identify and prioritise a ...
Risk-based assessment of climate change impacts
... conditions. Past observations establish a trend, although lengths of time series of different parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate project ...
... conditions. Past observations establish a trend, although lengths of time series of different parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate project ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.