American Climate Prospectus - Goldman School of Public Policy
... improved dramatically in recent years, predicting the severity and timing of future impacts remains a challenge. Uncertainty surrounding the level of GHG emissions going forward and the sensitivity of the climate system to those emissions makes it difficult to know exactly how much warming will occu ...
... improved dramatically in recent years, predicting the severity and timing of future impacts remains a challenge. Uncertainty surrounding the level of GHG emissions going forward and the sensitivity of the climate system to those emissions makes it difficult to know exactly how much warming will occu ...
Climate System Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and
... in the discussion that follows, although the ozone hole itself is geographically localized its associated climate impacts are not, because they extend over the entire SH. Stratospheric ozone and GHG forcings also have very different time histories during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The ...
... in the discussion that follows, although the ozone hole itself is geographically localized its associated climate impacts are not, because they extend over the entire SH. Stratospheric ozone and GHG forcings also have very different time histories during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The ...
i3084e04
... it is drier over a given period of time (such as a specific month, season or year). However, if the conditions become too extreme (e.g. heavy rainfall, floods or extended droughts) and exceed the coping range, then this may result in severe effects for productivity levels and diminish livelihoods. U ...
... it is drier over a given period of time (such as a specific month, season or year). However, if the conditions become too extreme (e.g. heavy rainfall, floods or extended droughts) and exceed the coping range, then this may result in severe effects for productivity levels and diminish livelihoods. U ...
Summary Report CwD Project Profile 2012
... Climate change is already affecting many of the lives and livelihoods in Zimbabwe. It is undermining the nation’s economic development through compromised livelihood outcomes that result from gradual changes in temperature and rainfall patterns combined with increasing frequency and intensity of nat ...
... Climate change is already affecting many of the lives and livelihoods in Zimbabwe. It is undermining the nation’s economic development through compromised livelihood outcomes that result from gradual changes in temperature and rainfall patterns combined with increasing frequency and intensity of nat ...
Soil temperature response to 21st century global warming: the role
... in the next decades (Stendel and Christensen, 2002; Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2004; Romanovsky et al., 2007; Marchenko et al., 2008) have raised questions on the potential release of carbon from peatlands as a result of global warming (Christensen et al., 2004; Turetsky et al., 2007). ...
... in the next decades (Stendel and Christensen, 2002; Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2004; Romanovsky et al., 2007; Marchenko et al., 2008) have raised questions on the potential release of carbon from peatlands as a result of global warming (Christensen et al., 2004; Turetsky et al., 2007). ...
Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030
... The ATAR provided a detailed analysis of sectors and vulnerabilities in the various counties, identified adaptation needs in various economic processes, and developed a long list of potential adaptation actions. The ATAR was informed by a highly participatory process that included meetings with the ...
... The ATAR provided a detailed analysis of sectors and vulnerabilities in the various counties, identified adaptation needs in various economic processes, and developed a long list of potential adaptation actions. The ATAR was informed by a highly participatory process that included meetings with the ...
PDF
... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
Toronto`s Future Weather and Climate Driver Study
... source of carbon dioxide (CO2), but there is currently a net uptake of CO2 (WWF, 2005). In the short term, it is expected that melting sea ice will cause a further uptake of CO2 in Arctic Ocean waters since they will initially have a low CO2 concentration relative to the atmosphere. In the long term ...
... source of carbon dioxide (CO2), but there is currently a net uptake of CO2 (WWF, 2005). In the short term, it is expected that melting sea ice will cause a further uptake of CO2 in Arctic Ocean waters since they will initially have a low CO2 concentration relative to the atmosphere. In the long term ...
Planning for Sea-Level Rise: State-by
... Economy and Government, and Coastal Zone and Oceans. Specific to sea-level rise and coastal storms, the report identifies strategies to protect and improve development, shoreline stabilization, and coastal ecosystems and habitats. Next steps: EEA intended to use the report to evaluate potential stra ...
... Economy and Government, and Coastal Zone and Oceans. Specific to sea-level rise and coastal storms, the report identifies strategies to protect and improve development, shoreline stabilization, and coastal ecosystems and habitats. Next steps: EEA intended to use the report to evaluate potential stra ...
ProgressReport 2003-2004
... cloud resolving models with new microphysics, and a non-hydrostatic limited area model. Although these models are already producing useful products, new and more sophisticated tools are required for increasingly realistic representations of the processes and interactions in the Earth’s climate syste ...
... cloud resolving models with new microphysics, and a non-hydrostatic limited area model. Although these models are already producing useful products, new and more sophisticated tools are required for increasingly realistic representations of the processes and interactions in the Earth’s climate syste ...
Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda
... Success hinges on changing behavior and shifting public opinion. “Although an increasing number of people know about climate change and believe action is needed and urgent, too few make it a priority and many fail to act when they have the opportunity” (WDR 2010). The impacts of climate change are ...
... Success hinges on changing behavior and shifting public opinion. “Although an increasing number of people know about climate change and believe action is needed and urgent, too few make it a priority and many fail to act when they have the opportunity” (WDR 2010). The impacts of climate change are ...
Ecosystem Processes and Human Influences
... temperature in water-surplus ecosystems and lower than was predicted in water-deficit ecosystems. Streamflow was correlated with climate variability indices (e.g., the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation), especially in seasons when vegetatio ...
... temperature in water-surplus ecosystems and lower than was predicted in water-deficit ecosystems. Streamflow was correlated with climate variability indices (e.g., the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation), especially in seasons when vegetatio ...
PDF
... for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn planting excessively. During extremely dry periods, farmers in the Plains States ma ...
... for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn planting excessively. During extremely dry periods, farmers in the Plains States ma ...
Curriculum vitae PDF
... School Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative. Proposal Review for: NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems Panel (2011). Board Membership: Advisory Board Alaska Climate Research Center, UAF; Scientific Advisory Board Alaska Department of Interior Climate Science Center. Session Organizing for pr ...
... School Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative. Proposal Review for: NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems Panel (2011). Board Membership: Advisory Board Alaska Climate Research Center, UAF; Scientific Advisory Board Alaska Department of Interior Climate Science Center. Session Organizing for pr ...
Chapter 3: Changing Arctic: Indigenous Perspectives
... current and projected changes make it timely and important to reflect on the ways that such changes affect arctic residents, particularly the indigenous residents whose way of life is so closely linked to their surroundings. It is also important to consider how these indigenous residents observe and ...
... current and projected changes make it timely and important to reflect on the ways that such changes affect arctic residents, particularly the indigenous residents whose way of life is so closely linked to their surroundings. It is also important to consider how these indigenous residents observe and ...
Climate Change Impacts in Alpine Environments
... distribution limit of the alpine zone worldwide (Körner and Paulsen 2004). However, there is a large variability with respect to altitude (air density), water availability, and seasonality across the globe (Figure 2). Accordingly, alpine is a rather broad term that encompasses a number of designati ...
... distribution limit of the alpine zone worldwide (Körner and Paulsen 2004). However, there is a large variability with respect to altitude (air density), water availability, and seasonality across the globe (Figure 2). Accordingly, alpine is a rather broad term that encompasses a number of designati ...
PDF
... economic and social performance of every dollar of government spending and every regulation. Chief among the state’s priorities is Governor Schwarzenegger’s Executive Order #S-3-05 (Schwarzenegger 2005) which calls for a 30 percent reduction below business-as-usual of greenhouse gas emissions by 202 ...
... economic and social performance of every dollar of government spending and every regulation. Chief among the state’s priorities is Governor Schwarzenegger’s Executive Order #S-3-05 (Schwarzenegger 2005) which calls for a 30 percent reduction below business-as-usual of greenhouse gas emissions by 202 ...
Ecosystem Processes and Human Influences Regulate Streamflow Response to Climate Change at
... temperature in water-surplus ecosystems and lower than was predicted in water-deficit ecosystems. Streamflow was correlated with climate variability indices (e.g., the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation), especially in seasons when vegetatio ...
... temperature in water-surplus ecosystems and lower than was predicted in water-deficit ecosystems. Streamflow was correlated with climate variability indices (e.g., the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation), especially in seasons when vegetatio ...
Gauteng Climate Change Risk and vulnerability assessment
... outcome is uncertain, recognizing the diversity of values. Risk is often represented as probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the impacts if these events or trends occur. Risk results from the interaction of vulnerability, exposure, and hazard. In this report, the ter ...
... outcome is uncertain, recognizing the diversity of values. Risk is often represented as probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the impacts if these events or trends occur. Risk results from the interaction of vulnerability, exposure, and hazard. In this report, the ter ...
CDP Climate Change 2015 - Coca
... CCHBC utilises a standardised Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework for the management of risks & opportunities. Outputs from this process are embedded into our business-planning activities. Climate change presents a significant long-term risk. This includes the risk of rising energy costs, thr ...
... CCHBC utilises a standardised Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework for the management of risks & opportunities. Outputs from this process are embedded into our business-planning activities. Climate change presents a significant long-term risk. This includes the risk of rising energy costs, thr ...
Carbon Disclosure submission
... benchmarking indices such as CDP and DJSI to ensure we are meeting stakeholder expectations on climate change and sustainability. Environment and Sustainability Managers also have a target to achieve improvements in audited performance in our World Class Supply Chain program which includes a sustain ...
... benchmarking indices such as CDP and DJSI to ensure we are meeting stakeholder expectations on climate change and sustainability. Environment and Sustainability Managers also have a target to achieve improvements in audited performance in our World Class Supply Chain program which includes a sustain ...
Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Nature’s Prophet:
... For knowledge journalists like McKibben, Friedman, and Revkin, several qualities enable their work to stand out among the many competing voices, narratives, and stories that are told about a wicked problem. In particular, relative to climate change, the prominence of these three writers has been esp ...
... For knowledge journalists like McKibben, Friedman, and Revkin, several qualities enable their work to stand out among the many competing voices, narratives, and stories that are told about a wicked problem. In particular, relative to climate change, the prominence of these three writers has been esp ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... UK greenhouse gas emissions in 2014 were 36% below 1990 levels and 25% below 2005 (Figure 3.3). In part this is due to the economic downturn, in particular a 9% reduction in GHG emissions in 2009. However, the reductions since 1990 also reflect some longer-term trends and more recent impacts of pol ...
... UK greenhouse gas emissions in 2014 were 36% below 1990 levels and 25% below 2005 (Figure 3.3). In part this is due to the economic downturn, in particular a 9% reduction in GHG emissions in 2009. However, the reductions since 1990 also reflect some longer-term trends and more recent impacts of pol ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.