Comparing bias correction methods in downscaling meteorological
... of historical climate–hydrology relationships has limited applications on future water resources management, especially under the context of global climate change. Though GCMs have been widely used to study impacts of future climate change on hydrological systems and water resources, they are impede ...
... of historical climate–hydrology relationships has limited applications on future water resources management, especially under the context of global climate change. Though GCMs have been widely used to study impacts of future climate change on hydrological systems and water resources, they are impede ...
Climate Change in the Caribbean and the Challenge of Adaptation
... temperature5 (since 1850). The total temperature increase between 1850–1899 and 2001–2005 reached 0.76°C. The temperature of the world’s oceans has also been rising, and mountain glaciers and snow cover have declined in both hemispheres. All these phenomena contribute to an average global sea level ...
... temperature5 (since 1850). The total temperature increase between 1850–1899 and 2001–2005 reached 0.76°C. The temperature of the world’s oceans has also been rising, and mountain glaciers and snow cover have declined in both hemispheres. All these phenomena contribute to an average global sea level ...
National Research Council Report
... This committee was asked to describe and assess the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for the Earth over approximately the last 2,000 years. (The full Statement of Task appears in Appendix A.) Normally, a technical issue such as surface temperature reconstruction ...
... This committee was asked to describe and assess the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for the Earth over approximately the last 2,000 years. (The full Statement of Task appears in Appendix A.) Normally, a technical issue such as surface temperature reconstruction ...
PDF - Florida Climate Change Task Force
... climate changes on the natural systems of Florida. The statements in this summary are based on the chapters in the white paper and principal sources are given at the end of each paragraph here. The challenge of preserving Florida's unique and rich biodiversity in the face of climate change is immens ...
... climate changes on the natural systems of Florida. The statements in this summary are based on the chapters in the white paper and principal sources are given at the end of each paragraph here. The challenge of preserving Florida's unique and rich biodiversity in the face of climate change is immens ...
Climate Change Reporting Framework – Edition 1.1 October 2012
... information has resulted in organizations making climate change-related disclosures and in the development of standards for certain types of information, particularly greenhouse gas emissions. Although they have developed against different policy backgrounds, the various mandatory and voluntary sche ...
... information has resulted in organizations making climate change-related disclosures and in the development of standards for certain types of information, particularly greenhouse gas emissions. Although they have developed against different policy backgrounds, the various mandatory and voluntary sche ...
Climate Science, the Public and the News Media
... climate science through the news media might be improved are: • Cultural factors influence the way the public assimilate and process information and these should be taken into account when designing a communications approach. Opportunities to do this include: encouraging a range of talented science ...
... climate science through the news media might be improved are: • Cultural factors influence the way the public assimilate and process information and these should be taken into account when designing a communications approach. Opportunities to do this include: encouraging a range of talented science ...
Transportation Cost Analysis - Air Pollution Costs
... cost (actual damages) and risk (possibility of future damages).11 For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which consists of hundreds of scientists, concluded, “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ...
... cost (actual damages) and risk (possibility of future damages).11 For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which consists of hundreds of scientists, concluded, “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks: Towards an
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Intensification of winter transatlantic aviation turbulence in response
... turbulence in response to climate change Paul D. Williams1 * and Manoj M. Joshi2 Atmospheric turbulence causes most weather-related aircraft incidents1 . Commercial aircraft encounter moderate-or-greater turbulence tens of thousands of times each year worldwide, injuring probably hundreds of passeng ...
... turbulence in response to climate change Paul D. Williams1 * and Manoj M. Joshi2 Atmospheric turbulence causes most weather-related aircraft incidents1 . Commercial aircraft encounter moderate-or-greater turbulence tens of thousands of times each year worldwide, injuring probably hundreds of passeng ...
Module: Introduction
... SCIENCE-BASED APPROACH: We’ve analyzed what “doing our share” means according to the science of climate change. We set emission-reduction goals for our products by region and manufacturing operations based on stabilizing the atmospheric concentration of CO2 at 450 parts per million (ppm), the level ...
... SCIENCE-BASED APPROACH: We’ve analyzed what “doing our share” means according to the science of climate change. We set emission-reduction goals for our products by region and manufacturing operations based on stabilizing the atmospheric concentration of CO2 at 450 parts per million (ppm), the level ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Media Echo
... the lower mountains in Europe, we could see alpine meadows disappearing and dwarf shrubs taking over within the next few decades," he warns. ...
... the lower mountains in Europe, we could see alpine meadows disappearing and dwarf shrubs taking over within the next few decades," he warns. ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
... Appendix A. Supplementary data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Appendix A. Supplementary data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
English - Global Environment Facility
... of the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2007 summarized the increasing scientific evidence of the ...
... of the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2007 summarized the increasing scientific evidence of the ...
City of Tshwane Vulnerability Assessment to Climate Change
... Table 5. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual totals of rainfall (mm). .............. 32 Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 196 ...
... Table 5. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual totals of rainfall (mm). .............. 32 Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 196 ...
Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State
... will see longer growing seasons. We are likely to see shifts from snow to rain, though shifts in the amount of total precipitation (rain and snow) are less certain. Severe weather events (e.g., thunderstorms, tornadoes) are challenging to detect. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration trends are neith ...
... will see longer growing seasons. We are likely to see shifts from snow to rain, though shifts in the amount of total precipitation (rain and snow) are less certain. Severe weather events (e.g., thunderstorms, tornadoes) are challenging to detect. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration trends are neith ...
Appendix L: Climate impacts and adaptation actions for shrub
... Future climate change may present additional challenges and needs for shrub-steppe habitat connectivity.3-4 First, climate change may impact shrub-steppe core habitat areas and corridors in ways that may make them more or less permeable to wildlife movement. Second, existing shrub-steppe core hab ...
... Future climate change may present additional challenges and needs for shrub-steppe habitat connectivity.3-4 First, climate change may impact shrub-steppe core habitat areas and corridors in ways that may make them more or less permeable to wildlife movement. Second, existing shrub-steppe core hab ...
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Land Use Sector
... Despite the dichotomy at global and national levels and the differences in priorities for the two measures, Klein et al. (2007) stated that the opportunities for synergy between adaptation and mitigation measures are high in sectors like agriculture, forestry, and construction. However, so far, no s ...
... Despite the dichotomy at global and national levels and the differences in priorities for the two measures, Klein et al. (2007) stated that the opportunities for synergy between adaptation and mitigation measures are high in sectors like agriculture, forestry, and construction. However, so far, no s ...
using sustainable land management practices to adapt to and
... Climate change will exacerbate existing vulnerabilities to land degradation, floods and drought in Africa and will challenge farmers and communities to make changes to production systems and protect natural assets. Sustainable land management (SLM) strategies and practices can enable farmers and com ...
... Climate change will exacerbate existing vulnerabilities to land degradation, floods and drought in Africa and will challenge farmers and communities to make changes to production systems and protect natural assets. Sustainable land management (SLM) strategies and practices can enable farmers and com ...
Global Climate Change: National Security Implications
... 2007, the IPCC concluded that human activity has indeed increased global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It further concluded that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal,” and “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the ...
... 2007, the IPCC concluded that human activity has indeed increased global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It further concluded that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal,” and “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the ...
Full-Text PDF
... methods in Section 3. Discussion of estimation procedure and analysis of empirical results can be found in Section 4. Concluding remarks are contained in Section 5. 2. Conceptual Framework PMT was originally introduced by Rogers in 1975, as an important theory in social cognitive of protective behav ...
... methods in Section 3. Discussion of estimation procedure and analysis of empirical results can be found in Section 4. Concluding remarks are contained in Section 5. 2. Conceptual Framework PMT was originally introduced by Rogers in 1975, as an important theory in social cognitive of protective behav ...
The impact of climate change on the UK
... associated risks, and create important issues for public policy. An example of this in the UK is the greater incidence of flooding alongside increased property construction in affected areas. While traditional general insurance provision can adapt to such change, governments may decide that the prov ...
... associated risks, and create important issues for public policy. An example of this in the UK is the greater incidence of flooding alongside increased property construction in affected areas. While traditional general insurance provision can adapt to such change, governments may decide that the prov ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Australian Indian Ocean
... change projections and the assessment of climate change risks. It is possible that the IOT will also face a number of unforeseen changes in the physical climate system (such as major changes in ocean circulations) or ecological impacts that may not be anticipated, such as the outbreak of invasive pe ...
... change projections and the assessment of climate change risks. It is possible that the IOT will also face a number of unforeseen changes in the physical climate system (such as major changes in ocean circulations) or ecological impacts that may not be anticipated, such as the outbreak of invasive pe ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.