Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... UK greenhouse gas emissions in 2014 were 36% below 1990 levels and 25% below 2005 (Figure 3.3). In part this is due to the economic downturn, in particular a 9% reduction in GHG emissions in 2009. However, the reductions since 1990 also reflect some longer-term trends and more recent impacts of pol ...
... UK greenhouse gas emissions in 2014 were 36% below 1990 levels and 25% below 2005 (Figure 3.3). In part this is due to the economic downturn, in particular a 9% reduction in GHG emissions in 2009. However, the reductions since 1990 also reflect some longer-term trends and more recent impacts of pol ...
Linking Climate Change and Fish Conservation Efforts Using
... management efforts by state and federal agencies. The species’ temperature sensitivity (Selong et al. 2001) has prompted concerns that climate change could lead to substantial range contractions (Rieman et al. 1997, 2007). Our focal area in the Boise River basin (BRB) of central Idaho is near the so ...
... management efforts by state and federal agencies. The species’ temperature sensitivity (Selong et al. 2001) has prompted concerns that climate change could lead to substantial range contractions (Rieman et al. 1997, 2007). Our focal area in the Boise River basin (BRB) of central Idaho is near the so ...
Chapter 5 THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
... first time that it would support binding targets and timetables for greenhouse gas emissions. The United States was silent, however, on what specific levels it would support. Nonetheless, the public announcement gave a shot in the arm to the negotiations and offered the first promise that a meaningf ...
... first time that it would support binding targets and timetables for greenhouse gas emissions. The United States was silent, however, on what specific levels it would support. Nonetheless, the public announcement gave a shot in the arm to the negotiations and offered the first promise that a meaningf ...
(Accredited) - AS Level Geography - H081
... throughout the content ensuring learners become both adaptable and resilient no matter their future pathway. The skills gained within this AS level will complement desires to further their education in Higher Education or within the world of employment. Where there are skills specific to a topic, th ...
... throughout the content ensuring learners become both adaptable and resilient no matter their future pathway. The skills gained within this AS level will complement desires to further their education in Higher Education or within the world of employment. Where there are skills specific to a topic, th ...
Perceptions of Climate Change and Vulnerability in Upper Svaneti
... have been documented over the past century (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; IPCC 2007), and the scientific community is 90%-100% certain that human activities have influenced natural systems through the use of fossil fuels and land-use changes (IPCC 2007). Many strategies for the mitigation, prevention, and ...
... have been documented over the past century (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; IPCC 2007), and the scientific community is 90%-100% certain that human activities have influenced natural systems through the use of fossil fuels and land-use changes (IPCC 2007). Many strategies for the mitigation, prevention, and ...
Climate Volatility and Change in Central Asia: Economic Impacts
... The analysis indicates that negative shocks, involving lower than usual temperatures and precipitation amounts, could lead to higher wheat prices in the region. Lower availability of irrigation water may encourage irrigation-dependent countries in the region to aggressively raise wheat stocks to fac ...
... The analysis indicates that negative shocks, involving lower than usual temperatures and precipitation amounts, could lead to higher wheat prices in the region. Lower availability of irrigation water may encourage irrigation-dependent countries in the region to aggressively raise wheat stocks to fac ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES AMBIGUITY AND CLIMATE POLICY Antony Millner Simon Dietz
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
IPCC-ar4-wg1-chapter8-ClimateModels.pdf
... differ between models. In the tropics, there has been an overall improvement in the AOGCM simulation of the spatial pattern and frequency of ENSO, but problems remain in simulating its seasonal phase locking and the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña episodes. Variability with some characteristic ...
... differ between models. In the tropics, there has been an overall improvement in the AOGCM simulation of the spatial pattern and frequency of ENSO, but problems remain in simulating its seasonal phase locking and the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña episodes. Variability with some characteristic ...
Climate Models and Their Evaluation
... been developed to investigate issues in past and future climate change that cannot be addressed by comprehensive AOGCMs because of their large computational cost. Owing to the reduced resolution of EMICs and their simplified representation of some physical processes, these models only allow inferenc ...
... been developed to investigate issues in past and future climate change that cannot be addressed by comprehensive AOGCMs because of their large computational cost. Owing to the reduced resolution of EMICs and their simplified representation of some physical processes, these models only allow inferenc ...
Agriculture and Forestry Climate change report card technical paper
... briefly considers the impacts on soil key functions and Section 5 draws some conclusions, and highlights research needs concerning the impacts of climate change on soils in the UK. Impacts on soils processes Impacts on Nitrogen (N) mineralisation Soil N mineralisation, by which organic matter is con ...
... briefly considers the impacts on soil key functions and Section 5 draws some conclusions, and highlights research needs concerning the impacts of climate change on soils in the UK. Impacts on soils processes Impacts on Nitrogen (N) mineralisation Soil N mineralisation, by which organic matter is con ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2015
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
Climate change and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture - State of knowledge, risks and opportunities
... part of the context and is discussed in the relevant sections and subsections below. The significance of climate change for the management of animal genetic resources Climate change comes as an additional factor influencing a livestock sector that is already highly dynamic. Change in livestock produ ...
... part of the context and is discussed in the relevant sections and subsections below. The significance of climate change for the management of animal genetic resources Climate change comes as an additional factor influencing a livestock sector that is already highly dynamic. Change in livestock produ ...
How Corporations Have Influenced the U.S. Dialogue on Climate
... heat-trapping gases from human activities have caused “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century” (IPCC 2007). More recently, the National Academy of Sciences concluded, “it is now beyond a reasonable doubt that humans are responsible for most of [the ...
... heat-trapping gases from human activities have caused “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century” (IPCC 2007). More recently, the National Academy of Sciences concluded, “it is now beyond a reasonable doubt that humans are responsible for most of [the ...
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning
... risks and potential benefits differently, given diverse values and goals. This section presents observed effects of climate change, building from hazardous climate events occurring and the vulnerability of an expose system. Climate risk can be direct understanding of vulnerability, exposure, and cli ...
... risks and potential benefits differently, given diverse values and goals. This section presents observed effects of climate change, building from hazardous climate events occurring and the vulnerability of an expose system. Climate risk can be direct understanding of vulnerability, exposure, and cli ...
Development finance and climate finance - IIED
... (ODA). For the purposes of this paper, we use the DAC Rio marker definitions of types of climate finance as set Those who stress the differences between development out in Box 1.8 finance and climate finance highlight the text in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Defining the relati ...
... (ODA). For the purposes of this paper, we use the DAC Rio marker definitions of types of climate finance as set Those who stress the differences between development out in Box 1.8 finance and climate finance highlight the text in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Defining the relati ...
Projected impacts of climate change and ocean
... form one of the richest databases for reconstructing paleoenvironments, particularly through changes in their taxonomic and shell composition. Using an empirically based planktonic foraminifer model that incorporates three known major physiological drivers of their biogeography – temperature, food a ...
... form one of the richest databases for reconstructing paleoenvironments, particularly through changes in their taxonomic and shell composition. Using an empirically based planktonic foraminifer model that incorporates three known major physiological drivers of their biogeography – temperature, food a ...
Changing
... with climate impacts and adaptation (adaptation is now one of the top priorities for the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). But there has been no significant work to date looking at climate change adaptation and people’s working lives. This report is therefore timely and aims t ...
... with climate impacts and adaptation (adaptation is now one of the top priorities for the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). But there has been no significant work to date looking at climate change adaptation and people’s working lives. This report is therefore timely and aims t ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0203e/i0203e00.pdf
... place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. Urgent adaptation measures are required in response to opportunities and threats to food and livelihood provision due to climatic variations. Ecosystem impacts • Climate change is modifying the distribution of marine ...
... place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. Urgent adaptation measures are required in response to opportunities and threats to food and livelihood provision due to climatic variations. Ecosystem impacts • Climate change is modifying the distribution of marine ...
Future changes in Mekong River hydrology
... both of them used only the results of one GCM (ECHAM 4) to project climate change, regional (e.g. Ashfaq et al., 2009) and Mekong-specific (Kingston et al., 2011) studies have shown that there is no general consensus on the impacts of climate change on monsoon climates. Different GCMs show different ...
... both of them used only the results of one GCM (ECHAM 4) to project climate change, regional (e.g. Ashfaq et al., 2009) and Mekong-specific (Kingston et al., 2011) studies have shown that there is no general consensus on the impacts of climate change on monsoon climates. Different GCMs show different ...
fellmann
... if it rains more or if it is drier over a given period of time (such as a specific month, season or year). However, if the conditions become too extreme (e.g. heavy rainfall, floods or extended droughts) and exceed the coping range, than this may result in severe effects for productivity levels and ...
... if it rains more or if it is drier over a given period of time (such as a specific month, season or year). However, if the conditions become too extreme (e.g. heavy rainfall, floods or extended droughts) and exceed the coping range, than this may result in severe effects for productivity levels and ...
2006–2012 Climate Change Action Plan
... ambitions in the area of continent-wide sustainable development when it released its 2006-2012 Action En route to the future Plan on climate change. Today, we move forward in this direction by adding funds and measures to the Action Entitled Québec and Climate Change – A Challenge for Plan, ensuring ...
... ambitions in the area of continent-wide sustainable development when it released its 2006-2012 Action En route to the future Plan on climate change. Today, we move forward in this direction by adding funds and measures to the Action Entitled Québec and Climate Change – A Challenge for Plan, ensuring ...
Climate Change Reporting Framework
... governance may be found at www.cdsb.net/ governance. CDSB seeks to standardise climate changerelated information reporting through collaboration and by identifying and coalescing around the most widely shared and tested ...
... governance may be found at www.cdsb.net/ governance. CDSB seeks to standardise climate changerelated information reporting through collaboration and by identifying and coalescing around the most widely shared and tested ...
Report of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and
... that needed full consideration by chapter authors for developing the final version of the report. As a whole, review comments on the second version were positive, but it was stressed that many specific aspects needed further attention from chapter authors for producing the final version of the repor ...
... that needed full consideration by chapter authors for developing the final version of the report. As a whole, review comments on the second version were positive, but it was stressed that many specific aspects needed further attention from chapter authors for producing the final version of the repor ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.