Has the ozone hole contributed to increased Antarctic sea ice extent
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
Climate Change
... • Problem of Global Commons – Fair distribution of responsibilities to deal with a threat to a common good • Climate Change Problem: – Increasing concentrations of Atmospheric GHGs – Rapid environmental changes e.g. temperature – Likely to result in devastating consequences for humankind ...
... • Problem of Global Commons – Fair distribution of responsibilities to deal with a threat to a common good • Climate Change Problem: – Increasing concentrations of Atmospheric GHGs – Rapid environmental changes e.g. temperature – Likely to result in devastating consequences for humankind ...
PDF
... techniques that translates GCM output into finer-resolution projections. These advances include the use of regional scale, process-based models that can be used to better explore the interactions between climate and local topography (e.g., Salathe et al. 2010), as well as, efforts aimed at understan ...
... techniques that translates GCM output into finer-resolution projections. These advances include the use of regional scale, process-based models that can be used to better explore the interactions between climate and local topography (e.g., Salathe et al. 2010), as well as, efforts aimed at understan ...
Chapter 4: Climate change
... cooled climate. This, in turn, may have reduced the efficiency of the thermohaline circulation, allowing for further cooling. Closure of the Indonesian seaway 3 to 4 million years ago may also have greatly altered climate (Cane and Molnar 2001). The northward displacement of New Guinea switched flow ...
... cooled climate. This, in turn, may have reduced the efficiency of the thermohaline circulation, allowing for further cooling. Closure of the Indonesian seaway 3 to 4 million years ago may also have greatly altered climate (Cane and Molnar 2001). The northward displacement of New Guinea switched flow ...
Nepal: A political perspective on Climate Change
... Distributive Justice: Studies have examined the impact of climate change on rich and poor countries across the world. They revealed that climate change would have serious distributional impact across countries, grouped by income per capita. It was predicted that poor countries would suffer the most ...
... Distributive Justice: Studies have examined the impact of climate change on rich and poor countries across the world. They revealed that climate change would have serious distributional impact across countries, grouped by income per capita. It was predicted that poor countries would suffer the most ...
PDF
... Global warming and its effects on climate change have been considered important issues that can have long term economic implications. There are different schools of thought on its causes as well as consequences, but there is evidence that the solar system goes through different cycles causing rises ...
... Global warming and its effects on climate change have been considered important issues that can have long term economic implications. There are different schools of thought on its causes as well as consequences, but there is evidence that the solar system goes through different cycles causing rises ...
Days(T1)
... for targeting genotypes to other environments. Many tools are available for climate similarity analysis BIOCLIM is one method which uses temperature and rainfall data to determine the climate similarity of different locations. CLIMEX is another climate matching software which gives an index of simil ...
... for targeting genotypes to other environments. Many tools are available for climate similarity analysis BIOCLIM is one method which uses temperature and rainfall data to determine the climate similarity of different locations. CLIMEX is another climate matching software which gives an index of simil ...
Reviews of Books
... “long periods of relative stability” (9) broken jarringly by “global climatic crises” (8) that were, in turn, accompanied by catastrophic disease and warfare. Such environmental crises, Brooke adds, were generally not caused by overpopulation. Only recently has that pattern become an “earth-systemic ...
... “long periods of relative stability” (9) broken jarringly by “global climatic crises” (8) that were, in turn, accompanied by catastrophic disease and warfare. Such environmental crises, Brooke adds, were generally not caused by overpopulation. Only recently has that pattern become an “earth-systemic ...
How to handle the issue of uncertainty in Local Climate Change
... • Communication uncertainty: downscaling often limited to an average between “best” and “worse” case values from different climate models, whereas user groups often need the extreme values as well ...
... • Communication uncertainty: downscaling often limited to an average between “best” and “worse” case values from different climate models, whereas user groups often need the extreme values as well ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... affected by some gases and aerosols. Most aerosols have some cooling effect. The amount of greenhouse gas present in the Earth‟s atmosphere before human beings began the large-scale emission of these gases keeps the planet about 33oC warmer than it would be otherwise (Le Treut et al., 2007). This na ...
... affected by some gases and aerosols. Most aerosols have some cooling effect. The amount of greenhouse gas present in the Earth‟s atmosphere before human beings began the large-scale emission of these gases keeps the planet about 33oC warmer than it would be otherwise (Le Treut et al., 2007). This na ...
Guide - Clim City
... Throughout its history, planet Earth has had natural periods of warming up and cooling down. However, it has never heated up as quickly as during the 20th century. The scientists of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) concluded in their last report in 2007 that “it is highly likely that ...
... Throughout its history, planet Earth has had natural periods of warming up and cooling down. However, it has never heated up as quickly as during the 20th century. The scientists of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) concluded in their last report in 2007 that “it is highly likely that ...
4 Industry sectors
... The Tasmanian forestry sector is an integrated industry that encompasses both native forest and plantation resources (softwood and hardwood), the production of logs, woodchips, hardwood and softwood sawn timber, pulp and paper production, veneer, fuel wood and other wood products. Tasmanian forest b ...
... The Tasmanian forestry sector is an integrated industry that encompasses both native forest and plantation resources (softwood and hardwood), the production of logs, woodchips, hardwood and softwood sawn timber, pulp and paper production, veneer, fuel wood and other wood products. Tasmanian forest b ...
climate change a trade union responsibility in higher education
... can be built. The local committees of unions negotiate either with their employer directly or in some countries with government. It is at this level that greatest change can be effected by individual groups of people acting collectively, and making demands on their employer or on the local or region ...
... can be built. The local committees of unions negotiate either with their employer directly or in some countries with government. It is at this level that greatest change can be effected by individual groups of people acting collectively, and making demands on their employer or on the local or region ...
Link to PDF-file
... direction, increasing world’s total emissions and accelerating global warming. However, even with more stringent policy actions today climate change will occur, due to previous emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) already in the atmospheric stock. The abatement costs of climate change are up front, justif ...
... direction, increasing world’s total emissions and accelerating global warming. However, even with more stringent policy actions today climate change will occur, due to previous emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) already in the atmospheric stock. The abatement costs of climate change are up front, justif ...
Climate_policy_11052015
... – Differences in response timescales among different systems affected by climate change are taken into account in planning and implementing adaptation strategies. – Switzerland takes part in international exchanges of experience regarding adaptation to climate change. – The advances made in adapting ...
... – Differences in response timescales among different systems affected by climate change are taken into account in planning and implementing adaptation strategies. – Switzerland takes part in international exchanges of experience regarding adaptation to climate change. – The advances made in adapting ...
7 Thames Estuary 2100 case study - UK Climate Projections
... In addition to the approach set out above, it is essential to try to better understand the uncertainty and probability of future climate change effects. Therefore the project has been working directly with the Met Office Hadley Centre, the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory and the Centre for Ecology ...
... In addition to the approach set out above, it is essential to try to better understand the uncertainty and probability of future climate change effects. Therefore the project has been working directly with the Met Office Hadley Centre, the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory and the Centre for Ecology ...
airpps.pps - Knockhardy
... CO2 in geological structures is actually a naturally occurring phenomenon ...
... CO2 in geological structures is actually a naturally occurring phenomenon ...
climatic cataclysm
... Robert Zubrin, the author of Energy Victory: Winning the War on Terror by Breaking Free of Oil, who is something of a climate change skeptic, suggests a simple thought experiment to illustrate the power of economic growth to affect climate change—a process that could create a climatic tipping point ...
... Robert Zubrin, the author of Energy Victory: Winning the War on Terror by Breaking Free of Oil, who is something of a climate change skeptic, suggests a simple thought experiment to illustrate the power of economic growth to affect climate change—a process that could create a climatic tipping point ...
Global Health Threats: Global Warming in Perspective
... population, based on the world’s experience in the 20 century. Second, the FTA estimates for the populations at risk for hunger and extreme events account for some, but not all, increases in adaptive capacity due to economic growth that is assumed under the various scenarios.23 For hunger specifical ...
... population, based on the world’s experience in the 20 century. Second, the FTA estimates for the populations at risk for hunger and extreme events account for some, but not all, increases in adaptive capacity due to economic growth that is assumed under the various scenarios.23 For hunger specifical ...
The Politics of Fear on a Warming Planet
... not know what the major dangers were likely to be, and only 20% believe human causes including pollution are the main factors causing climate change. One recent review of the literature concluded, pessimistically, that “People have virtually no idea of the potential global climate change policies ...
... not know what the major dangers were likely to be, and only 20% believe human causes including pollution are the main factors causing climate change. One recent review of the literature concluded, pessimistically, that “People have virtually no idea of the potential global climate change policies ...
Financing Adaptation through the Global Environment Facility
... urgent and concrete steps towards reducing absolute losses and vulnerability from negative effects of climate change (including variability). The UNFCCC Secretariat defines adaptation as “practical steps that are vital to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that ...
... urgent and concrete steps towards reducing absolute losses and vulnerability from negative effects of climate change (including variability). The UNFCCC Secretariat defines adaptation as “practical steps that are vital to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that ...
Shapiro-Geoengineering_why_and_next_steps
... for geoengineering the climate system, including research on intended and unintended environmental responses. • Coordinated study of historical, ethical, legal, and social implications of geoengineering that integrates international, interdisciplinary, and intergenerational issues and perspectives a ...
... for geoengineering the climate system, including research on intended and unintended environmental responses. • Coordinated study of historical, ethical, legal, and social implications of geoengineering that integrates international, interdisciplinary, and intergenerational issues and perspectives a ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.