- Harvard University
... Directly observable from space Inferable from observed changes in ocean heat content ...
... Directly observable from space Inferable from observed changes in ocean heat content ...
Comparisons of Observed Paleoclimate and Model
... •Proxy reconstructions and model simulations both suggest that late 20th century warmth is anomalous in the context of the past 1000-2000 years •Primary source of differences between various reconstructions appear to be related to issues of seasonality and spatial representativeness • Important diff ...
... •Proxy reconstructions and model simulations both suggest that late 20th century warmth is anomalous in the context of the past 1000-2000 years •Primary source of differences between various reconstructions appear to be related to issues of seasonality and spatial representativeness • Important diff ...
Decided to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services
... Strengthen and enhance the international framework under GCOS, GOOS, WCRP, IGBP and supporting regional and national frameworks for sustained world ocean observing and information systems supporting the needs of society about ocean weather, climate, ecosystems, carbon and chemistry ...
... Strengthen and enhance the international framework under GCOS, GOOS, WCRP, IGBP and supporting regional and national frameworks for sustained world ocean observing and information systems supporting the needs of society about ocean weather, climate, ecosystems, carbon and chemistry ...
State Action - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... climate change in the absence of federal legislation. A wide range of policies have been adopted at the state and regional levels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop clean energy resources, and promote more energy-efficient vehicles, buildings, and appliances, among other things. Although cl ...
... climate change in the absence of federal legislation. A wide range of policies have been adopted at the state and regional levels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop clean energy resources, and promote more energy-efficient vehicles, buildings, and appliances, among other things. Although cl ...
Contributions of past and present human generations to committed
... hanges in greenhouse gases and aerosols can alter Earth’s energy budget, representing a radiative forcing that in turn leads to climate-system responses. Some of these responses can be rapid, as evidenced by changes in surface temperature and water vapor within months after major volcanic eruptions ...
... hanges in greenhouse gases and aerosols can alter Earth’s energy budget, representing a radiative forcing that in turn leads to climate-system responses. Some of these responses can be rapid, as evidenced by changes in surface temperature and water vapor within months after major volcanic eruptions ...
Prometheus - hvonstorch.de
... to the goal; meaning, in this case, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible. This does not at all reflect the situation in the scientific community. A considerable number of climatologists are still by no means convinced that the fundamental questions have been adequately dealt with. ...
... to the goal; meaning, in this case, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible. This does not at all reflect the situation in the scientific community. A considerable number of climatologists are still by no means convinced that the fundamental questions have been adequately dealt with. ...
Effects of future climate change on regional air pollution episodes in
... frequency of surface cyclones tracking across southern Canada. Our model trend in cyclone frequency is consistent with observed long-term trends over North America [Zishka and Smith, 1980] and more generally at northern midlatitudes [Agee, 1991; Key and Chan, 1999; McCabe et al., 2001]. For example, ...
... frequency of surface cyclones tracking across southern Canada. Our model trend in cyclone frequency is consistent with observed long-term trends over North America [Zishka and Smith, 1980] and more generally at northern midlatitudes [Agee, 1991; Key and Chan, 1999; McCabe et al., 2001]. For example, ...
climate_questionairre_updated2011
... Analysing national climate strategies in the CEE region Climate change is clearly a top priority issue among environmental matters today. Considering the size of the threat, the capacities devoted to the issue, as well as the interconnectedness of environmental and development issues; what is happen ...
... Analysing national climate strategies in the CEE region Climate change is clearly a top priority issue among environmental matters today. Considering the size of the threat, the capacities devoted to the issue, as well as the interconnectedness of environmental and development issues; what is happen ...
P7 Ideas in Context “Climate `fix` could deplete ozone”
... 1. Which of the following gases are found in the Earth’s atmosphere: nitrogen, methane, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, argon? Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane 2. Which of the gases listed above are not greenhouse gases? Nitrogen and oxygen 3. Explain what is meant by th ...
... 1. Which of the following gases are found in the Earth’s atmosphere: nitrogen, methane, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, argon? Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane 2. Which of the gases listed above are not greenhouse gases? Nitrogen and oxygen 3. Explain what is meant by th ...
New Study Outlines Range of Climate
... enable managers to react quickly to change by, for example, adjusting quotas when fish populations increase, decline, or shift. 8 P romote social resilience: In general, policies that increase flexibility within the fishing industry while maintaining effective conservation measures will benefit cl ...
... enable managers to react quickly to change by, for example, adjusting quotas when fish populations increase, decline, or shift. 8 P romote social resilience: In general, policies that increase flexibility within the fishing industry while maintaining effective conservation measures will benefit cl ...
Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative
... Freeman K.H. & Hayes J.M., 1992. Fractionation of carbon isotopes by phytoplankton and estimates of ancient CO2 levels, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 6, 185–198. IPCC, 1995. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment of the Intergover ...
... Freeman K.H. & Hayes J.M., 1992. Fractionation of carbon isotopes by phytoplankton and estimates of ancient CO2 levels, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 6, 185–198. IPCC, 1995. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment of the Intergover ...
retrieve Climate Change Impacts on the Great Lakes
... as the mean and standard deviation of various parameters. It is then possible to examine trends in these statistics over time to determine if the climate is stable or changing. Global Climate Change therefore focuses primarily on defining climate over the past one to two centuries and forecasting ch ...
... as the mean and standard deviation of various parameters. It is then possible to examine trends in these statistics over time to determine if the climate is stable or changing. Global Climate Change therefore focuses primarily on defining climate over the past one to two centuries and forecasting ch ...
PDF
... 2.1. Bio-economic modelling approach In order to assess the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture, we link the biophysical model WOFOST (capable to simulate yield effects under alternative climate scenarios) to the agro-economic model CAPRI (capable to anticipate global and EU-wide impac ...
... 2.1. Bio-economic modelling approach In order to assess the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture, we link the biophysical model WOFOST (capable to simulate yield effects under alternative climate scenarios) to the agro-economic model CAPRI (capable to anticipate global and EU-wide impac ...
Understanding the Arctic Climate System
... to make positive headway. Indeed, their work to date has already produced some interesting and illuminating results, which in some cases help identify important areas to obtain new or additional observations. ...
... to make positive headway. Indeed, their work to date has already produced some interesting and illuminating results, which in some cases help identify important areas to obtain new or additional observations. ...
Title
... as a result of severe drought. Two UN joint assessments conducted in 2008 and 2009 concluded that the drought is severe, the worst of the last 40 years and affected about one million people. ...
... as a result of severe drought. Two UN joint assessments conducted in 2008 and 2009 concluded that the drought is severe, the worst of the last 40 years and affected about one million people. ...
freshwater ecosystems
... invade Great Lakes habitats if global warming released the temperature constraints to the limits of their northerly distribution. Mandrak's (86) large-scale analysis raises issues pertinent at the local scale of other lakes. Omnivorous warmwater fishes that have short life spans are most likely to i ...
... invade Great Lakes habitats if global warming released the temperature constraints to the limits of their northerly distribution. Mandrak's (86) large-scale analysis raises issues pertinent at the local scale of other lakes. Omnivorous warmwater fishes that have short life spans are most likely to i ...
Climate Change and its Impacts on Forests
... Increasing concentration of CO2 Climate change is largely driven by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, most important of which being carbon-dioxide. The concentration of atmospheric CO2 has been increasing at an accelerating rate since the industrial revolution. This trend may be s ...
... Increasing concentration of CO2 Climate change is largely driven by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, most important of which being carbon-dioxide. The concentration of atmospheric CO2 has been increasing at an accelerating rate since the industrial revolution. This trend may be s ...
Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to
... carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions (Matthews et al. 2009; Zickfeld et al. 2010). While atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can be lowered in several ways, it is generally agreed that to avoid further dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system, net future emissions must be reduced f ...
... carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions (Matthews et al. 2009; Zickfeld et al. 2010). While atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can be lowered in several ways, it is generally agreed that to avoid further dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system, net future emissions must be reduced f ...
Meteorologists` Views About Global Warming: A Survey of American
... assessment item: “How sure are you that global warming [is/is not] happening?” We then calculated a composite measure to capture the responses to the two questions in a single variable. This resulted in a nine-point certainty measure ranging from -4 (Global warming not happening—extremely sure) to + ...
... assessment item: “How sure are you that global warming [is/is not] happening?” We then calculated a composite measure to capture the responses to the two questions in a single variable. This resulted in a nine-point certainty measure ranging from -4 (Global warming not happening—extremely sure) to + ...
hamlet_harc_oct_2003 - UW Hydro
... Analyze impacts of climate variations on natural and human systems Investigate institutional responses to climatic stresses Assess societal sensitivity, adaptability and vulnerability to climate variability Use evidence from retrospective studies as basis for projecting sensitivity, adaptability and ...
... Analyze impacts of climate variations on natural and human systems Investigate institutional responses to climatic stresses Assess societal sensitivity, adaptability and vulnerability to climate variability Use evidence from retrospective studies as basis for projecting sensitivity, adaptability and ...
Mise en page 1 - World Climate Research Programme
... Through the Earth System Science Partnership, a joint initiative of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP), Diversitas (a biodiversity research programme) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), there is a growing engageme ...
... Through the Earth System Science Partnership, a joint initiative of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP), Diversitas (a biodiversity research programme) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), there is a growing engageme ...
Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to
... carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions (Matthews et al. 2009; Zickfeld et al. 2010). While atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can be lowered in several ways, it is generally agreed that to avoid further dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system, net future emissions must be reduced f ...
... carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions (Matthews et al. 2009; Zickfeld et al. 2010). While atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can be lowered in several ways, it is generally agreed that to avoid further dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system, net future emissions must be reduced f ...
Page 1-50
... crucially dependent upon the state of environment. It is becoming increasingly emergent to pay heed to the signs of the threats posed by Global Warming and Climate Change. We must try to extrapolate these effects realistically to find out the challenges we would face in future. Some of the latest mo ...
... crucially dependent upon the state of environment. It is becoming increasingly emergent to pay heed to the signs of the threats posed by Global Warming and Climate Change. We must try to extrapolate these effects realistically to find out the challenges we would face in future. Some of the latest mo ...
HFA roll out 2011-13
... What are the key successes (or achievements) in disaster risk management and climate change adaptation since implementation of the RFA and PIFACC in 2005 and what contributed to the successes? What are the major challenges (or obstacles) for disaster risk management and climate change? What are the ...
... What are the key successes (or achievements) in disaster risk management and climate change adaptation since implementation of the RFA and PIFACC in 2005 and what contributed to the successes? What are the major challenges (or obstacles) for disaster risk management and climate change? What are the ...
CLIMATE SCIENCE SURVEY
... impacts and mitigation, responded to the questionnaire. Certain results were selected from this survey, namely those pertaining to the causes of recent global warming (attribution), and have since been published in Environmental Science and Technology (ES&T) 1. This document presents the responses t ...
... impacts and mitigation, responded to the questionnaire. Certain results were selected from this survey, namely those pertaining to the causes of recent global warming (attribution), and have since been published in Environmental Science and Technology (ES&T) 1. This document presents the responses t ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.