The Sky`s Limit: No New Fossil Fuel Development
... temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5˚C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.”1 Now, the Paris Agreement has entered into force and the t ...
... temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5˚C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.”1 Now, the Paris Agreement has entered into force and the t ...
The role of the global ocean in changes of the Earth`s climate system
... Energy flows alter clouds, and weather and internal climate modes can temporarily alter the energy balance for periods of days to several decades. ...
... Energy flows alter clouds, and weather and internal climate modes can temporarily alter the energy balance for periods of days to several decades. ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... For the global effort to avoid dangerous anthropogenic climate change, a below 2oC scenario requires serious mitigation actions including a “substantial deviation from baseline” by 2050 in all developing countries. Tanzania continues to undertake various efforts, which contribute to the global mitig ...
... For the global effort to avoid dangerous anthropogenic climate change, a below 2oC scenario requires serious mitigation actions including a “substantial deviation from baseline” by 2050 in all developing countries. Tanzania continues to undertake various efforts, which contribute to the global mitig ...
Climate Variability and Weather
... ocean-atmosphere interaction is known as ENSO. The effects of ENSO propagate through much of the atmosphere and cause short-term climate to vary across the world. No two ENSO events are identical, but after many years of observation, consistent patterns have emerged. Certain changes become more (or ...
... ocean-atmosphere interaction is known as ENSO. The effects of ENSO propagate through much of the atmosphere and cause short-term climate to vary across the world. No two ENSO events are identical, but after many years of observation, consistent patterns have emerged. Certain changes become more (or ...
Exponential growth
... Global warming and greenhouse gases One of the greatest threats caused by air pollution is global warming. This is caused by a build-up of greenhouses gases, which leads to an increase in the Earth’s temperature. A greenhouse gas is an atmospheric gas that absorbs infrared light. Key greenhouses ga ...
... Global warming and greenhouse gases One of the greatest threats caused by air pollution is global warming. This is caused by a build-up of greenhouses gases, which leads to an increase in the Earth’s temperature. A greenhouse gas is an atmospheric gas that absorbs infrared light. Key greenhouses ga ...
Changes in Arctic vegetation amplify high
... in atmospheric water vapor due to imports from lower latitudes to be important for the climate of the Arctic but do not directly consider changes in atmospheric moisture related to changes in vegetation. In fact, they explicitly state that the only three ways in which climate is coupled to vegetatio ...
... in atmospheric water vapor due to imports from lower latitudes to be important for the climate of the Arctic but do not directly consider changes in atmospheric moisture related to changes in vegetation. In fact, they explicitly state that the only three ways in which climate is coupled to vegetatio ...
AerChemMIP (Aerosols and Chemistry MIP)
... Beyond aerosols, the biogeochemistry of ecosystems provides large sources of the WMGHGs CH4 and N2O, as well as O3 precursors (lightning and soil nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, wildfire emissions). These sources are likely to be affected by climate change, leading to a variety of feedb ...
... Beyond aerosols, the biogeochemistry of ecosystems provides large sources of the WMGHGs CH4 and N2O, as well as O3 precursors (lightning and soil nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, wildfire emissions). These sources are likely to be affected by climate change, leading to a variety of feedb ...
`Electricity Sector Analysis for Federated States of Micronesia`s
... As for all SIDS, adaptation constitutes a priority for FSM. It is therefore important that the Paris Agreement deals effectively with the adaptation needs in a post 2020 world. FSM does not see this INDC as the vehicle to address its adaptation needs in the post 2020 context, even if these need care ...
... As for all SIDS, adaptation constitutes a priority for FSM. It is therefore important that the Paris Agreement deals effectively with the adaptation needs in a post 2020 world. FSM does not see this INDC as the vehicle to address its adaptation needs in the post 2020 context, even if these need care ...
The Strategic Threat of Inevitable Climate Change
... interglacial periods.”16 Previous global warming in conjunction with ice ages occurred over much greater period of time, generally around 5000 years.17 In contrast, on its current trajectory global temperatures are predicted to increase between 1.1 and 6.4 ...
... interglacial periods.”16 Previous global warming in conjunction with ice ages occurred over much greater period of time, generally around 5000 years.17 In contrast, on its current trajectory global temperatures are predicted to increase between 1.1 and 6.4 ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change By Jonathan M. Harris and Brian Roach
... Clouds, water vapor, and the natural greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone allow inbound solar radiation to pass through, but serve as a barrier to outgoing infrared heat. This creates the natural greenhouse effect, which makes the planet suitable for life. Without ...
... Clouds, water vapor, and the natural greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone allow inbound solar radiation to pass through, but serve as a barrier to outgoing infrared heat. This creates the natural greenhouse effect, which makes the planet suitable for life. Without ...
SorceMeetingNotes
... Differences: TOA diffs due to ocean surface albedo. Some local cloudiness. Column absorption 90 W/m2 constant in time for clear sky = TOA – surface 1-day points (hourly data averaged over a day) vary by about 20 W/m2. Heating increases inside ice clouds, decreases below the clouds Heating calculatio ...
... Differences: TOA diffs due to ocean surface albedo. Some local cloudiness. Column absorption 90 W/m2 constant in time for clear sky = TOA – surface 1-day points (hourly data averaged over a day) vary by about 20 W/m2. Heating increases inside ice clouds, decreases below the clouds Heating calculatio ...
Attribution of climate extreme events
... the tropical Atlantic Ocean (1.5 °C above normal) led to an exceptional amount of moisture flowing into the storm, which resulted in very large amounts of snow. It is this last part that then relates in part to anomalous external influences on the atmosphere through the effects of climate change on ...
... the tropical Atlantic Ocean (1.5 °C above normal) led to an exceptional amount of moisture flowing into the storm, which resulted in very large amounts of snow. It is this last part that then relates in part to anomalous external influences on the atmosphere through the effects of climate change on ...
the factsheet
... ydropower is often believed to be an inherently “climate-friendly” technology. But scientific studies indicate that the rotting of organic matter in reservoirs produces significant amounts of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The warming impact of tropical reservoirs ca ...
... ydropower is often believed to be an inherently “climate-friendly” technology. But scientific studies indicate that the rotting of organic matter in reservoirs produces significant amounts of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The warming impact of tropical reservoirs ca ...
Dramatically increasing chance of extremely hot summers since the
... although anthropogenic influence increased the chances of the event, it would still be considered a very rare one in 2003. On the other hand, the temperature distribution expected in the present day encompasses the 2.3 K threshold, which now lies in its warm tail. Hence, the additional shift of the ...
... although anthropogenic influence increased the chances of the event, it would still be considered a very rare one in 2003. On the other hand, the temperature distribution expected in the present day encompasses the 2.3 K threshold, which now lies in its warm tail. Hence, the additional shift of the ...
Climate change, migration and corruption
... If we fail to undercut the vicious circle resulting from climate change that leads to the reduction in natural resources, increased conflicts, massive migration, instability, corruption. If we fail to stop polluting, we will be subject to catastrophic changes over the next century which will directl ...
... If we fail to undercut the vicious circle resulting from climate change that leads to the reduction in natural resources, increased conflicts, massive migration, instability, corruption. If we fail to stop polluting, we will be subject to catastrophic changes over the next century which will directl ...
Adaptation and Mitigation
... can foster（鼓励） adaptive capacity（适应能力） if they e'liminate market failures（故障） and distortions（扭曲）, as well as per‘verse（不正当的） subsidies（补助金） that prevent （妨碍）actors from making decisions on the basis of the true social costs （社会成本）of the available options（方 案）. At a highly aggregated scale, mitigati ...
... can foster（鼓励） adaptive capacity（适应能力） if they e'liminate market failures（故障） and distortions（扭曲）, as well as per‘verse（不正当的） subsidies（补助金） that prevent （妨碍）actors from making decisions on the basis of the true social costs （社会成本）of the available options（方 案）. At a highly aggregated scale, mitigati ...
Asynchronous exposure to global warming: freshwater resources and terrestrial ecosystems
... pattern-scaling approach to allow for analysis of impacts under different levels of 1Tg while accounting for differences among GCMs. The principle of pattern-scaling is to calculate scaling coefficients that statistically link local changes in climate variables to 1Tg , global fields of which can be ...
... pattern-scaling approach to allow for analysis of impacts under different levels of 1Tg while accounting for differences among GCMs. The principle of pattern-scaling is to calculate scaling coefficients that statistically link local changes in climate variables to 1Tg , global fields of which can be ...
poster - Cecilia
... nutrient (N, P) concentrations and eutrophication in a reference river network with reservoirs used for drinking water supply and recreation. Study of the impacts of global change signal on local climate variability of air-sea coupled modes for the western Black Sea coast. ...
... nutrient (N, P) concentrations and eutrophication in a reference river network with reservoirs used for drinking water supply and recreation. Study of the impacts of global change signal on local climate variability of air-sea coupled modes for the western Black Sea coast. ...
View
... Migration is largely genetically controlled and individuals within one species can show varying degrees of migratory behaviour (obligate, partial, long-distance, short-distance). Climate change may impact differently on these migratory groups. It is thought that obligate long-distance migrants may s ...
... Migration is largely genetically controlled and individuals within one species can show varying degrees of migratory behaviour (obligate, partial, long-distance, short-distance). Climate change may impact differently on these migratory groups. It is thought that obligate long-distance migrants may s ...
Does the Arctic sea ice have a tipping point?
... have a progression of albedo reductions moving to earlier months in the sunlit season over the course of the integrations. The March sea ice is lost abruptly in the MPI model in the CO2 stabilized period. The March decline is more gradual in the NCAR model. The variability of March albedos after the ...
... have a progression of albedo reductions moving to earlier months in the sunlit season over the course of the integrations. The March sea ice is lost abruptly in the MPI model in the CO2 stabilized period. The March decline is more gradual in the NCAR model. The variability of March albedos after the ...
I4548
... There are two broad categories of downscaling procedures: (a) dynamical downscaling techniques, which involves the extraction of regional scale information from large-scale GCM data based on the modeling of regional climate dynamical processes, and (b) statistical downscaling techniques that rely on ...
... There are two broad categories of downscaling procedures: (a) dynamical downscaling techniques, which involves the extraction of regional scale information from large-scale GCM data based on the modeling of regional climate dynamical processes, and (b) statistical downscaling techniques that rely on ...
Cuba Confronts Climate Change
... agendas.[5] This is particularly relevant, given that a number of studies have concluded that environmental injustice, poverty and lack of individual empowerment are key factors in increasing people’s vulnerability, especially that of women and children.[6] Thus, any strategic assessment of the heal ...
... agendas.[5] This is particularly relevant, given that a number of studies have concluded that environmental injustice, poverty and lack of individual empowerment are key factors in increasing people’s vulnerability, especially that of women and children.[6] Thus, any strategic assessment of the heal ...
IMPACT2C Summer School 2013
... The Seminaris Hotel is a conference hotel built in 1979 and is located in Lüneburg, about 30 minutes from Hamburg. Assuming you are arriving at Hamburg Airport, the easiest way to get there would be: Follow at the airport the sign: take the S1 (there is only one direction every 5 to 10 minutes) to H ...
... The Seminaris Hotel is a conference hotel built in 1979 and is located in Lüneburg, about 30 minutes from Hamburg. Assuming you are arriving at Hamburg Airport, the easiest way to get there would be: Follow at the airport the sign: take the S1 (there is only one direction every 5 to 10 minutes) to H ...
Chapter 6 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... aT determines how much larger •“basic greenhouse effect” Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
... aT determines how much larger •“basic greenhouse effect” Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE
... Ask students: Which is stronger, water or air? How can you tell? This demonstration will show just how strong air pressure can be. (Practice this demonstration before using it with the class.) Fill a clear plastic cup to the brim with water. Press an index card to the top of the cup to make a good s ...
... Ask students: Which is stronger, water or air? How can you tell? This demonstration will show just how strong air pressure can be. (Practice this demonstration before using it with the class.) Fill a clear plastic cup to the brim with water. Press an index card to the top of the cup to make a good s ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.