Climate Economics: The Literature and its Utility
... 12% increase. He stated that “there are serious objections against any over-emphasis of the CO2 theory” given that: “it deals with one single term of the global heat balance”, and the historical record. He concluded from the historical record: “Such examples seem to demonstrate that the CO2 effect ...
... 12% increase. He stated that “there are serious objections against any over-emphasis of the CO2 theory” given that: “it deals with one single term of the global heat balance”, and the historical record. He concluded from the historical record: “Such examples seem to demonstrate that the CO2 effect ...
ICT for climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector
... biggest impacts, sound adaptation processes are required to sustain agricultural production and food system as a whole. IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, stressed the ability of decision-makers to manage information as an important factor determining the chance for a community to ...
... biggest impacts, sound adaptation processes are required to sustain agricultural production and food system as a whole. IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, stressed the ability of decision-makers to manage information as an important factor determining the chance for a community to ...
"An Ice Core Time Machine." Earth
... respectively, thirty percent and fifty percent lower than levels during interglacial periods, when global temperatures are warmer. These gases absorb a portion of the outgoing radiation and reflect it back to Earth, creating what is known as the greenhouse effect. (See Charles F. Keller’s essay, in ...
... respectively, thirty percent and fifty percent lower than levels during interglacial periods, when global temperatures are warmer. These gases absorb a portion of the outgoing radiation and reflect it back to Earth, creating what is known as the greenhouse effect. (See Charles F. Keller’s essay, in ...
Demand reduction is key
... • Many set by plantation companies, greatly accelerate the loss of carbon. • Of the 27.1 million hectares of peatland in South-east Asia, 12 million hectares are deforested and mostly drained. Denmark September 2007 ...
... • Many set by plantation companies, greatly accelerate the loss of carbon. • Of the 27.1 million hectares of peatland in South-east Asia, 12 million hectares are deforested and mostly drained. Denmark September 2007 ...
PERUBAHAN IKLIM, PASAR CARBON, PARIS AGREEMENT,
... • Indonesia understands the strong economic rationale to address climate change issues. • The government significantly reduced subsidies in 2008 and 2005 to better target assistance to the poor. • The Indonesian government also acknowledges the pressing need to ensure efforts to address climate chan ...
... • Indonesia understands the strong economic rationale to address climate change issues. • The government significantly reduced subsidies in 2008 and 2005 to better target assistance to the poor. • The Indonesian government also acknowledges the pressing need to ensure efforts to address climate chan ...
An Enduring Conundrum for Wise Policy Advice
... with the great majority occurring prior to 1950. (ii) The huge CO2 emissions have not been associated with a single global warming acceleration extreme since 1951, over 60 years ago. (iii) Since the 1970's, the climate extremes' range appears to be narrowing, with each accelerated warming and coolin ...
... with the great majority occurring prior to 1950. (ii) The huge CO2 emissions have not been associated with a single global warming acceleration extreme since 1951, over 60 years ago. (iii) Since the 1970's, the climate extremes' range appears to be narrowing, with each accelerated warming and coolin ...
Long-term climate goals Decarbonisation, carbon
... activity. The ultimate end state of this process would be a ‘decarbonised’ global economy in which no fossil CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere. Carbon neutral: We understand this term to describe a state in which the activities of an individual, an organisation, a city or a country result in net-zero ...
... activity. The ultimate end state of this process would be a ‘decarbonised’ global economy in which no fossil CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere. Carbon neutral: We understand this term to describe a state in which the activities of an individual, an organisation, a city or a country result in net-zero ...
Climate Change: The Scientific Debate
... plumes of ships tend to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), creating streaks consisting of smaller cloud droplets within the pre-existing cloud deck. The resulting changes in the emissivity of the marine layer stratocumulus are easily detected using the 3.9 micrometer (shortwave)IR channel data. ...
... plumes of ships tend to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), creating streaks consisting of smaller cloud droplets within the pre-existing cloud deck. The resulting changes in the emissivity of the marine layer stratocumulus are easily detected using the 3.9 micrometer (shortwave)IR channel data. ...
8.1 Lesson
... El Niño and La Niña are “sea-surface temperature anomalies” (changes in the temperature of the ocean) that occur in the southern Pacific Ocean. These changes have dramatic effects on the transfer of thermal energy and, therefore, on climate change. In a normal year, ...
... El Niño and La Niña are “sea-surface temperature anomalies” (changes in the temperature of the ocean) that occur in the southern Pacific Ocean. These changes have dramatic effects on the transfer of thermal energy and, therefore, on climate change. In a normal year, ...
Current and future climate of the Cook Islands
... causing the sea level to rise. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets also contributes to sea-level rise. Instruments mounted on satellites and tide gauges are used to measure sea level. Satellite data indicate the sea level has risen near the Cook Islands by about 4 mm per year since 1993. This is ...
... causing the sea level to rise. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets also contributes to sea-level rise. Instruments mounted on satellites and tide gauges are used to measure sea level. Satellite data indicate the sea level has risen near the Cook Islands by about 4 mm per year since 1993. This is ...
Annex 5.7.2 Climate change
... people’s capacity to cope with and recover from these hazards when they hit. Therefore, it is essential for the international community to quickly make deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions. The longer we wait for action in line with the science, the greater the longterm humanitarian costs ...
... people’s capacity to cope with and recover from these hazards when they hit. Therefore, it is essential for the international community to quickly make deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions. The longer we wait for action in line with the science, the greater the longterm humanitarian costs ...
Second Because the Ocean Declaration
... At COP21 in Paris, the first Because the Ocean Declaration emphasized the important role of the Ocean for the climate system. It pledged to support the elaboration of an IPCC Special R ...
... At COP21 in Paris, the first Because the Ocean Declaration emphasized the important role of the Ocean for the climate system. It pledged to support the elaboration of an IPCC Special R ...
The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta in a Changing Climate
... data, we have generated different scenarios due to future sea-level rise that will affect the Bengal Delta. The results are limited to the inherent vertical resolution of the SRTM data and only integer meter rise in water levels were considered. Estimated sedimentation and subsidence rates were incl ...
... data, we have generated different scenarios due to future sea-level rise that will affect the Bengal Delta. The results are limited to the inherent vertical resolution of the SRTM data and only integer meter rise in water levels were considered. Estimated sedimentation and subsidence rates were incl ...
Folie 1 - uni
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
Chapter 13: Global Climate Change
... • Nearly all greenhouse gases and sulfur aerosols at or near maximum value observed over last 500,000 years ...
... • Nearly all greenhouse gases and sulfur aerosols at or near maximum value observed over last 500,000 years ...
CATF FAQ - Superior Watershed Partnership
... What does CATF hope to accomplish and who can join in the effort? The Marquette County Climate Adaptation Task Force was created to help local leaders and the general public to think proactively about the effects of climate change and to develop strategies that will make the Upper Peninsula more res ...
... What does CATF hope to accomplish and who can join in the effort? The Marquette County Climate Adaptation Task Force was created to help local leaders and the general public to think proactively about the effects of climate change and to develop strategies that will make the Upper Peninsula more res ...
Political parties have a key role in addressing climate change, but
... processes of change and in communicating the reasons for these policy changes to citizens. Parties will continue to be indispensable for democracy in a period of far-reaching policy change. Research carried out to date by the CPPP project has found that mainstream political parties have been constra ...
... processes of change and in communicating the reasons for these policy changes to citizens. Parties will continue to be indispensable for democracy in a period of far-reaching policy change. Research carried out to date by the CPPP project has found that mainstream political parties have been constra ...
2007 update - Global Carbon Project
... a number of terrestrial and ocean processes that remove or emit CO2. It is the long term evolution of this balance that will determine to large extent the speed and magnitude of climate change and the mitigation requirements to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations at any given level. In this tal ...
... a number of terrestrial and ocean processes that remove or emit CO2. It is the long term evolution of this balance that will determine to large extent the speed and magnitude of climate change and the mitigation requirements to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations at any given level. In this tal ...
AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO A
... demonstrated, its consequences will affect us all. “All the evidence suggests there is a link to climate change.” Dame Julia Slingo, Met Office chief scientist, February 2014 ...
... demonstrated, its consequences will affect us all. “All the evidence suggests there is a link to climate change.” Dame Julia Slingo, Met Office chief scientist, February 2014 ...
I. SUMMARY OF THE PETITION - Inuit Circumpolar Council
... Several principles of international law guide the application of the human rights issues in this case. Most directly, the United States is obligated by its membership in the Organization of American States and its acceptance of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man to protect the ...
... Several principles of international law guide the application of the human rights issues in this case. Most directly, the United States is obligated by its membership in the Organization of American States and its acceptance of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man to protect the ...
CSIRO_PHILCCAP_Summary_FNL
... The results provide some measure of the projected changes to risks associated with climate change across the Philippines. However, due to the limited number of downscaled GCMs and the use of only one downscaling model, the results need to be used with caution. The much larger range of available GCMs ...
... The results provide some measure of the projected changes to risks associated with climate change across the Philippines. However, due to the limited number of downscaled GCMs and the use of only one downscaling model, the results need to be used with caution. The much larger range of available GCMs ...
Clouds and Climate
... upward and downward through the atmosphere. Though the atmosphere itself lets sunlight pass through, clouds reflect significant portions of that light back to space. This reflective cooling, operating by itself, lowers the planet’s surface temperature by more than 20°C. A blanket of clouds can also ...
... upward and downward through the atmosphere. Though the atmosphere itself lets sunlight pass through, clouds reflect significant portions of that light back to space. This reflective cooling, operating by itself, lowers the planet’s surface temperature by more than 20°C. A blanket of clouds can also ...
Impacts of climate change on livestock and meeting its
... • Temperature in the Himalayas is increasing at a faster rate. • The Rika Samba Glacier in the Dhaulagiri region is retreating at a rate of 10m per year. • The AX010 Glacier of Shorong Himal will be extinct by 2060 if the current trend continues. ...
... • Temperature in the Himalayas is increasing at a faster rate. • The Rika Samba Glacier in the Dhaulagiri region is retreating at a rate of 10m per year. • The AX010 Glacier of Shorong Himal will be extinct by 2060 if the current trend continues. ...
Has the ozone hole contributed to increased Antarctic sea ice extent
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.