The Energy-Climate Literacy Imperative: Why Energy Education
... Scouts even have a Climate Connections badge that emphasizes the connections between climate change and human activities, encouraging actions to reduce negative impacts. If carbon emissions continue to increase at their current rates, we are well on our way to not just a warmer but full-blown, hotte ...
... Scouts even have a Climate Connections badge that emphasizes the connections between climate change and human activities, encouraging actions to reduce negative impacts. If carbon emissions continue to increase at their current rates, we are well on our way to not just a warmer but full-blown, hotte ...
Earth Systems: Engineering and Management
... Furthermore, humans add aerosols as well—not primarily the stratospheric kind, but mostly tropospheric sulphate aerosols resulting from the burning of coal and oil. These short-lived, lower-atmospheric aerosols are patchy in distribution and probably reflect sunlight back to space at the rate of up ...
... Furthermore, humans add aerosols as well—not primarily the stratospheric kind, but mostly tropospheric sulphate aerosols resulting from the burning of coal and oil. These short-lived, lower-atmospheric aerosols are patchy in distribution and probably reflect sunlight back to space at the rate of up ...
PREFACE
... land use/land cover [e.g., Takata et al. 2009]. Among their effects is their role in altering atmospheric and ocean circulation features away from what they would be in the natural climate system [NRC 2005]. As with CO2, the lengths of time that they affect the climate are estimated to be on multide ...
... land use/land cover [e.g., Takata et al. 2009]. Among their effects is their role in altering atmospheric and ocean circulation features away from what they would be in the natural climate system [NRC 2005]. As with CO2, the lengths of time that they affect the climate are estimated to be on multide ...
American Indians, Climate Change, and Ethics for a Warming World
... reflected back into the atmosphere.5 The atmosphere is a global commons; no matter where in the world you are, your emissions contribute to its increasing insulating properties. Further, the atmosphere cannot be compartmentalized. For example, the fact that the United States has the highest historic ...
... reflected back into the atmosphere.5 The atmosphere is a global commons; no matter where in the world you are, your emissions contribute to its increasing insulating properties. Further, the atmosphere cannot be compartmentalized. For example, the fact that the United States has the highest historic ...
On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate
... temperatures from falling much below the frost point, and thus reducing the meridional gradient of stratospheric temperature. [16] These results lead us to inquire why GCM studies of equable climates have not predicted PSC formation. Experiments using our model with varying vertical resolution show ...
... temperatures from falling much below the frost point, and thus reducing the meridional gradient of stratospheric temperature. [16] These results lead us to inquire why GCM studies of equable climates have not predicted PSC formation. Experiments using our model with varying vertical resolution show ...
CLIMATE CHANGE OBSERVATORY - International Polar Foundation
... time that human societies have existed on Earth, climate variations have influenced major migrations out of Africa, with successive movements populating the entire planet. Today, with growing populations, vast megalopolic cities, and agricultural practices which lead to vulnerability in the face of ...
... time that human societies have existed on Earth, climate variations have influenced major migrations out of Africa, with successive movements populating the entire planet. Today, with growing populations, vast megalopolic cities, and agricultural practices which lead to vulnerability in the face of ...
Can regional climate engineering save the summer Arctic sea ice?
... Sea ice is an important climate component in the Earth system [Solomon et al., 2007]. Considerable reductions in Arctic sea ice extent have been observed in the past years, due in part to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations [Stroeve et al., 2007; Serreze et al., 2007a; Kay et al., 2011; Holland ...
... Sea ice is an important climate component in the Earth system [Solomon et al., 2007]. Considerable reductions in Arctic sea ice extent have been observed in the past years, due in part to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations [Stroeve et al., 2007; Serreze et al., 2007a; Kay et al., 2011; Holland ...
What to do about air pollution and Seminar Proceedings
... from ships on climate change, addressing the full climatic impacts of maritime transport. He explained the influence of the different substances (SOx, CO2, black carbon, NOx) emitted by ships on the Radiative forcing (RF) – if it has a warming or a cooling effects in the atmosphere. His presentation ...
... from ships on climate change, addressing the full climatic impacts of maritime transport. He explained the influence of the different substances (SOx, CO2, black carbon, NOx) emitted by ships on the Radiative forcing (RF) – if it has a warming or a cooling effects in the atmosphere. His presentation ...
based Climate Change Policy in Japan
... financial support by Japan, USA, Republic of Korea and New Zealand. Japan also assists developing countries’ adaptation actions both in terms of their plans and implementation by applying Japan’s Technology for adaptationmeasures and experiences. About 2.3 billion USD has already been invested from ...
... financial support by Japan, USA, Republic of Korea and New Zealand. Japan also assists developing countries’ adaptation actions both in terms of their plans and implementation by applying Japan’s Technology for adaptationmeasures and experiences. About 2.3 billion USD has already been invested from ...
Rwanda National Energy and Low carbon Assessment: Key Messages
... Africa is predicted to have greater impacts than other world regions, even in short term ...
... Africa is predicted to have greater impacts than other world regions, even in short term ...
There is an unknown but small probability that the West
... collapse because of anthropogenic climate change. The probability is greater than zero, as the WAIS has disappeared in the geological past. The probability is small, as the current WAIS has been around for a long time (nearly 100,000 years), withstanding natural climate change. The ice sheet dynamic ...
... collapse because of anthropogenic climate change. The probability is greater than zero, as the WAIS has disappeared in the geological past. The probability is small, as the current WAIS has been around for a long time (nearly 100,000 years), withstanding natural climate change. The ice sheet dynamic ...
Climate Change Centre Austria
... productivity of up to 40 % are also possible in the regions of St. Pölten, Linz-Wels, Eastern Styria, and Graz. Do alternative projections for the future change the results? To illustrate the uncertainties as to which climate scenario will occur, additional scenarios assuming mild and strong climate ...
... productivity of up to 40 % are also possible in the regions of St. Pölten, Linz-Wels, Eastern Styria, and Graz. Do alternative projections for the future change the results? To illustrate the uncertainties as to which climate scenario will occur, additional scenarios assuming mild and strong climate ...
Vol.3, No.1, 2003
... 1980s, which has already been noted by others. Salinity, in contrast, varies mostly over decades, with variations that are in the order of 0.2 parts per thousand and that are independent of both ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The California Current was fresher during the early 1950s, arou ...
... 1980s, which has already been noted by others. Salinity, in contrast, varies mostly over decades, with variations that are in the order of 0.2 parts per thousand and that are independent of both ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The California Current was fresher during the early 1950s, arou ...
Aerosol concentrations and hurricanes over the
... Discuss recent studies that suggest aerosols such as black carbon are changing atmospheric stability and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). ...
... Discuss recent studies that suggest aerosols such as black carbon are changing atmospheric stability and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). ...
The "Greenhouse Effect" as a Function of Atmospheric Mass
... thought experiments. The solution is identical in all three experiments and its value is simply Dg/cp. Thus, the temperature difference (GE ) between the surfaces with areas A and S is independent of density in the atmosphere. It also follows that it is independent of the absolute average temperatur ...
... thought experiments. The solution is identical in all three experiments and its value is simply Dg/cp. Thus, the temperature difference (GE ) between the surfaces with areas A and S is independent of density in the atmosphere. It also follows that it is independent of the absolute average temperatur ...
global warming and global, climate changes
... years before atmospheric CO2 rose, showing that climatic warming causes CO2 to rise, not vice versa. No doubt exists that the present high levels of atmospheric CO2 are the result of human input, but the contribution that it makes to global warming remains to be proven. Assertions by the ICPP and ot ...
... years before atmospheric CO2 rose, showing that climatic warming causes CO2 to rise, not vice versa. No doubt exists that the present high levels of atmospheric CO2 are the result of human input, but the contribution that it makes to global warming remains to be proven. Assertions by the ICPP and ot ...
WORLD CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE
... evidences indicate that change in climate is a natural and continuous process. India also witnessed alternate wet and dry periods. Archaeological findings show that the Rajasthan desert experienced wet and cool climate around 8,000 B.C. The period 3,0001,700 B.C. had higher rainfall. From about 2,00 ...
... evidences indicate that change in climate is a natural and continuous process. India also witnessed alternate wet and dry periods. Archaeological findings show that the Rajasthan desert experienced wet and cool climate around 8,000 B.C. The period 3,0001,700 B.C. had higher rainfall. From about 2,00 ...
The UNFCCC process and National GHG inventories
... The UNFCCC process and National GHG inventories This presentation provides basic concepts on the international processes linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It provides some historical background for the Convention; highlights its primary goals and the stati ...
... The UNFCCC process and National GHG inventories This presentation provides basic concepts on the international processes linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It provides some historical background for the Convention; highlights its primary goals and the stati ...
the future of redd+ - Conservation International
... sequestering carbon and regrowing at current rates can provide at least 30 percent of all mitigation action needed to limit warming to 2°C.2 This makes the success of mechanisms addressing deforestation, such as REDD+, fundamental to global efforts to fight climate change. REDD+ creates a financial ...
... sequestering carbon and regrowing at current rates can provide at least 30 percent of all mitigation action needed to limit warming to 2°C.2 This makes the success of mechanisms addressing deforestation, such as REDD+, fundamental to global efforts to fight climate change. REDD+ creates a financial ...
UEFA EURO 2016 eco-calculator
... For carbon dioxide the global warming impact is well understood and can be calculated relatively accurately. The additional indirect and non-CO2 effects are considered to be highly significant for the overall impact of aviation. However, the processes are complex and there is greater uncertainty wit ...
... For carbon dioxide the global warming impact is well understood and can be calculated relatively accurately. The additional indirect and non-CO2 effects are considered to be highly significant for the overall impact of aviation. However, the processes are complex and there is greater uncertainty wit ...
K Mitigation mitigation_ipcc
... It is often more cost-effective to invest in enduse energy efficiency improvement than in increasing energy supply to satisfy demand for energy services. Energy efficiency options for new and existing buildings could considerably reduce CO2 emissions with net economic benefit. ...
... It is often more cost-effective to invest in enduse energy efficiency improvement than in increasing energy supply to satisfy demand for energy services. Energy efficiency options for new and existing buildings could considerably reduce CO2 emissions with net economic benefit. ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources
... Climate change may also impact water supplies on the watershed level. Watersheds that located at high elevations may not be impacted by modest changes in temperature, as most precipitation will continue to fall as snow. Watersheds at low elevation will likewise likely be unaffected, as precipitation ...
... Climate change may also impact water supplies on the watershed level. Watersheds that located at high elevations may not be impacted by modest changes in temperature, as most precipitation will continue to fall as snow. Watersheds at low elevation will likewise likely be unaffected, as precipitation ...
G. M. Hidy
... Accounting for Problems of “Global” Change Future air quality management could be complicated by three global-scale influences • Large -scale Transport of long-lived pollutants or pollutant precursors resulting from increased global emissions • Changes in emissions resulting from actions taken to m ...
... Accounting for Problems of “Global” Change Future air quality management could be complicated by three global-scale influences • Large -scale Transport of long-lived pollutants or pollutant precursors resulting from increased global emissions • Changes in emissions resulting from actions taken to m ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.