170-179
... According to Rahman [4] climate change is a result of unequal development and consumption and it is enhancing inequity across the world. The impacts are also unequally distributed, where poor in developing countries are becoming the worst victims. Maathai [5] citing the situation in Kenya as a typic ...
... According to Rahman [4] climate change is a result of unequal development and consumption and it is enhancing inequity across the world. The impacts are also unequally distributed, where poor in developing countries are becoming the worst victims. Maathai [5] citing the situation in Kenya as a typic ...
Polar Bears on Ice - Canadian Geographic Education
... You are becoming convinced that global warming is affecting the polar bears and the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the releas ...
... You are becoming convinced that global warming is affecting the polar bears and the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the releas ...
Fact Sheet Resilient Cities. - Contra Costa County Climate Leaders
... Maintain updated flood, drought (and other natural hazards) plans- specifically accounting for high risk populations: old, young, etc and high risk areas: flood plains, coastlines, deltas, etc Reduce water usage/ increase water usage efficiency. Contra Costa County’s Los Vaqueros Reservoir is planni ...
... Maintain updated flood, drought (and other natural hazards) plans- specifically accounting for high risk populations: old, young, etc and high risk areas: flood plains, coastlines, deltas, etc Reduce water usage/ increase water usage efficiency. Contra Costa County’s Los Vaqueros Reservoir is planni ...
Introductory e-Course on Climate Change
... time” and in many countries the impacts of it are already felt. At the same time, it is still very difficult for many people not working directly on the subject to understand the basics of climate change. For example, which gases are actually contributing to the greenhouse gas effect? What temperatu ...
... time” and in many countries the impacts of it are already felt. At the same time, it is still very difficult for many people not working directly on the subject to understand the basics of climate change. For example, which gases are actually contributing to the greenhouse gas effect? What temperatu ...
Changing Pollen Types/Concentrations
... (chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halons, and sulfur hexafluoride) also contribute to warming, although most of these are declining because of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol to protect upper atmospheric ozone. Models of carbon dioxide use project increases in ...
... (chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halons, and sulfur hexafluoride) also contribute to warming, although most of these are declining because of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol to protect upper atmospheric ozone. Models of carbon dioxide use project increases in ...
The Africa Bio-Carbon Initiative - CCAFS
... CAADP addresses the climate challenge by: • enhancing biodiversity through sustainable agriculture and agroforestry • safeguarding the productivity of farms through SLWM But, recognizing climate change, both local and global, as a threat to these objectives, by • using these same approaches as adapt ...
... CAADP addresses the climate challenge by: • enhancing biodiversity through sustainable agriculture and agroforestry • safeguarding the productivity of farms through SLWM But, recognizing climate change, both local and global, as a threat to these objectives, by • using these same approaches as adapt ...
When Environmental Issues Collide: Climate Change
... plants produce no carbon dioxide. . .no air emissions at all.” (in McCully 2001:141). Similarly, Zhou and coauthors (2008:1078) more recently claim that (small) hydro “is a renewable energy with zero emissions.” As a result, the growing focus on mitigating climate change provides a new incentive fo ...
... plants produce no carbon dioxide. . .no air emissions at all.” (in McCully 2001:141). Similarly, Zhou and coauthors (2008:1078) more recently claim that (small) hydro “is a renewable energy with zero emissions.” As a result, the growing focus on mitigating climate change provides a new incentive fo ...
The CCAM multi-scale variable-resolution modelling system
... Projecting latitudinal shifts in the westerlies in response to enhanced anthropogenic forcing: the enhanced greenhouse effect and (recovering) depleted stratospheric ozone Projected changes in mean winds and storm tracks are relevant to Southern Ocean dynamics, bio-chemistry and carbon cycle Simula ...
... Projecting latitudinal shifts in the westerlies in response to enhanced anthropogenic forcing: the enhanced greenhouse effect and (recovering) depleted stratospheric ozone Projected changes in mean winds and storm tracks are relevant to Southern Ocean dynamics, bio-chemistry and carbon cycle Simula ...
Chapter 3: Climate observations and projections
... balance would be achieved at temperatures of approximately −33◦ F (−18◦ C). An atmosphere containing GHGs, however, is relatively transparent to solar radiation, but relatively opaque to terrestrial radiation. Such a planet achieves radiative balance at a higher surface and lower atmospheric tempera ...
... balance would be achieved at temperatures of approximately −33◦ F (−18◦ C). An atmosphere containing GHGs, however, is relatively transparent to solar radiation, but relatively opaque to terrestrial radiation. Such a planet achieves radiative balance at a higher surface and lower atmospheric tempera ...
How reversible is sea ice loss?
... transferred back to the surface and to the deep ocean. The intermediate waters become a store of heat that can be accessed through mixed layer entrainment as the climate cools, slowing the rate of recovery of the sea ice in some regions of Antarctica. In the Arctic, a surface freshening reduces the ...
... transferred back to the surface and to the deep ocean. The intermediate waters become a store of heat that can be accessed through mixed layer entrainment as the climate cools, slowing the rate of recovery of the sea ice in some regions of Antarctica. In the Arctic, a surface freshening reduces the ...
Past and Future Trends in Frequency of Heavy Rainfall Events over
... of climate variables in a specific region or the entire globe. The increase in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases appears to be the predominant cause of recent climate change. The CO2 induced climate change, which has already started to impact different sectors around the globe, is e ...
... of climate variables in a specific region or the entire globe. The increase in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases appears to be the predominant cause of recent climate change. The CO2 induced climate change, which has already started to impact different sectors around the globe, is e ...
SPONSORING “GREEN” SUBJECTS: THE WORLD BANK’S 2009 YOUTH ESSAY CONTEST CHAPTER 14.
... global threats of our time. Scientists agree that global warming and extreme climate phenomena can be increasingly attributed to human activity—in particular, heavy emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, resulting from industrial processes. Given the debates that still surround the is ...
... global threats of our time. Scientists agree that global warming and extreme climate phenomena can be increasingly attributed to human activity—in particular, heavy emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, resulting from industrial processes. Given the debates that still surround the is ...
Atlantic Region Adaptation Science Activities Report
... as we observe increasing global air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising sea level. Computer models, used to simulate the changes to the global climate induced by human activities, predict that the climate will become warmer, as global average surface temperatures ar ...
... as we observe increasing global air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising sea level. Computer models, used to simulate the changes to the global climate induced by human activities, predict that the climate will become warmer, as global average surface temperatures ar ...
The Climate Beta
... of risk aversion of the representative agent. On the other hand, an alternative channel driving the climate β may ex1 ...
... of risk aversion of the representative agent. On the other hand, an alternative channel driving the climate β may ex1 ...
A C P˚C Data and Information directions
... Despite economic growth during past 15 years: • Africa as a whole is lagging behind on each of the eight MDGs • Achieving the MDGs requires enduring efforts and adequate resources • The challenge is further compounded by adverse impacts and the grave long-term risk that climate change poses. ...
... Despite economic growth during past 15 years: • Africa as a whole is lagging behind on each of the eight MDGs • Achieving the MDGs requires enduring efforts and adequate resources • The challenge is further compounded by adverse impacts and the grave long-term risk that climate change poses. ...
An Uncertain Future: law enforcement, national security and climate
... At the same time, in the environmentally constrained but more populous world that can be expected over the course of this century, there will be greater scarcity of three essential resources: food, water and energy. There may be difficulties in feeding growing populations as land degradation as a re ...
... At the same time, in the environmentally constrained but more populous world that can be expected over the course of this century, there will be greater scarcity of three essential resources: food, water and energy. There may be difficulties in feeding growing populations as land degradation as a re ...
Aalborg Universitet The 7 Aarhus Statements on Climate Change
... E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. More than 1,000 prominent representatives from science, industry, politics and NGOs were gathered in Aarhus on 5.-7. March 2009 for the international climate conference “Beyond Kyoto: Addressing the Challenges of Climate Change”. Thematically, Beyond Kyoto was divided ...
... E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. More than 1,000 prominent representatives from science, industry, politics and NGOs were gathered in Aarhus on 5.-7. March 2009 for the international climate conference “Beyond Kyoto: Addressing the Challenges of Climate Change”. Thematically, Beyond Kyoto was divided ...
On Assessing the Relative Roles of Initial and Boundary Conditions
... There is no indication of any second kind predictability at lead times of less that 20 years for North Atlantic SSTs nor for NINO3 SSTs. The climate change signal is more likely to emerge on global scales because of the “noise” being reduced relative to the “signal” by spatial averaging (Stott and T ...
... There is no indication of any second kind predictability at lead times of less that 20 years for North Atlantic SSTs nor for NINO3 SSTs. The climate change signal is more likely to emerge on global scales because of the “noise” being reduced relative to the “signal” by spatial averaging (Stott and T ...
Projected Climate Change Impacts in Asia and Japan
... Transmission of research results to domestic and international policymaking ...
... Transmission of research results to domestic and international policymaking ...
Papua New Guinea
... current rates and the oil and gas sector expands as anticipated, other than in the forestry sector through the implementation of REDD+ activities, in the context of adequate and predictable support. The main opportunities exist in the electricity supply sector, energy efficiency, transport and fores ...
... current rates and the oil and gas sector expands as anticipated, other than in the forestry sector through the implementation of REDD+ activities, in the context of adequate and predictable support. The main opportunities exist in the electricity supply sector, energy efficiency, transport and fores ...
The Kyoto Protocol: Bad News for the Global
... concentration at which climate change occurs]. Their resolution will require adjustment and sacrifice, more than they would like to make. Their monthly deficit [annual GHG emissions beyond atmospheric capacity to tolerate without change] will be smaller than it otherwise would have been, but it will ...
... concentration at which climate change occurs]. Their resolution will require adjustment and sacrifice, more than they would like to make. Their monthly deficit [annual GHG emissions beyond atmospheric capacity to tolerate without change] will be smaller than it otherwise would have been, but it will ...
PDF
... to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Climate change is likely to be a large challenge for the agricultural sector and society over the next 25 years and requires a large amount of effort be di ...
... to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Climate change is likely to be a large challenge for the agricultural sector and society over the next 25 years and requires a large amount of effort be di ...
Outcome and Indian stance in COPs 1 - 21
... the INDCs would be mitigation centric and that after countries submit their INDCs, these would be aggregated to ascertain whether the sum total of contributions is adequate to achieve the global goal of containing temperature rise to below 2 degree Celsius by the end of the century from pre- industr ...
... the INDCs would be mitigation centric and that after countries submit their INDCs, these would be aggregated to ascertain whether the sum total of contributions is adequate to achieve the global goal of containing temperature rise to below 2 degree Celsius by the end of the century from pre- industr ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.