How to read a Climate-Fact-Sheet
... 2.1. Description of the multi-model-ensemble based on global climate projections These model simulations were created within the framework of the “Coupled Model Intercomparision Project No. 3” (CMIP3) and form the data basis of climate projections for the fourth assessment report of the IPCC (Interg ...
... 2.1. Description of the multi-model-ensemble based on global climate projections These model simulations were created within the framework of the “Coupled Model Intercomparision Project No. 3” (CMIP3) and form the data basis of climate projections for the fourth assessment report of the IPCC (Interg ...
Carbon Reduction Policies
... on Climate Change • The IPCC is acknowledged by Governments around the world, including the Australian Government, as the leading authority on climate change science ...
... on Climate Change • The IPCC is acknowledged by Governments around the world, including the Australian Government, as the leading authority on climate change science ...
Detection and Attribution of External Influences on the Climate System
... even though they are obtained by averaging across an ensemble of forced climate change simulations. The presence of this noise in the signal may bias ordinary least squares estimates of a downward, particularly if ony a small ensemble is available to estimate signals that have small signal-to-noise ...
... even though they are obtained by averaging across an ensemble of forced climate change simulations. The presence of this noise in the signal may bias ordinary least squares estimates of a downward, particularly if ony a small ensemble is available to estimate signals that have small signal-to-noise ...
The Path to Carbon Neutrality – CEIBS
... in Pakistan suffer from severe floods, inhabitants of central China die in landslides and more and more Africans starve due to long lasting droughts. The regions that are least responsible for climate change cannot afford to prepare themselves for the dangers yet to come. The United Nations and seve ...
... in Pakistan suffer from severe floods, inhabitants of central China die in landslides and more and more Africans starve due to long lasting droughts. The regions that are least responsible for climate change cannot afford to prepare themselves for the dangers yet to come. The United Nations and seve ...
Impacts of climate change on the amphibians and reptiles of
... cover will vary greatly geographically, there are many areas that will get drier and very few areas that will get wetter (Fig. 1c). Overall, however, there will be a higher degree of variation in precipitation, with rainfall events being spaced further apart at one extreme, and becoming more intense ...
... cover will vary greatly geographically, there are many areas that will get drier and very few areas that will get wetter (Fig. 1c). Overall, however, there will be a higher degree of variation in precipitation, with rainfall events being spaced further apart at one extreme, and becoming more intense ...
Abrupt Non-Linear Climate Change, Irreversibility and
... possible classes of THC equilibrium states under different levels of freshwater forcing, and the theoretical mechanisms for switching between them. These include two classes of deep water formation, one with sinking in the Labrador sea and north of the GIS ridge and one with sinking north of the GIS ...
... possible classes of THC equilibrium states under different levels of freshwater forcing, and the theoretical mechanisms for switching between them. These include two classes of deep water formation, one with sinking in the Labrador sea and north of the GIS ridge and one with sinking north of the GIS ...
Global potential of biospheric carbon management for climate
... present with large potentials for climate mitigation underpinned by a high degree of environmental sustainability. This includes a food-first approach, water and soil conservation, avoiding deforestation and conserving biodiversity. We also minimize the contribution of activities with a risk of rever ...
... present with large potentials for climate mitigation underpinned by a high degree of environmental sustainability. This includes a food-first approach, water and soil conservation, avoiding deforestation and conserving biodiversity. We also minimize the contribution of activities with a risk of rever ...
Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature
... global energy balance assumptions to constrain the range of future changes. At the simplest level these relate changes in climate forcing to global mean temperature change based on assumptions about the nature of the ocean heat uptake and sensitivity of climate feedbacks, but more commonly are capab ...
... global energy balance assumptions to constrain the range of future changes. At the simplest level these relate changes in climate forcing to global mean temperature change based on assumptions about the nature of the ocean heat uptake and sensitivity of climate feedbacks, but more commonly are capab ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... (c) HADCM3 and predictions of equilibrium global climate with instantaneous CO2 forcing Model predictions of the climate response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 have been performed using instantaneous forcing and transient forcing-type experiments. In the former, atmospheric CO2 partial pressure i ...
... (c) HADCM3 and predictions of equilibrium global climate with instantaneous CO2 forcing Model predictions of the climate response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 have been performed using instantaneous forcing and transient forcing-type experiments. In the former, atmospheric CO2 partial pressure i ...
Fairtrade and the carbon market
... communities in developing countries to benefit from access to carbon finance and the opportunity to tackle the effects of climate change. We call on businesses and civil society to consider their carbon emissions and support the Fairtrade Climate Standard by purchasing ...
... communities in developing countries to benefit from access to carbon finance and the opportunity to tackle the effects of climate change. We call on businesses and civil society to consider their carbon emissions and support the Fairtrade Climate Standard by purchasing ...
Climate Change and Marine Mammals
... Figure 10.14. Multi-model mean sea ice concentration (%) for January to March (JFM) and June to September (JAS), in the Arctic (top) and Antarctic (bottom) for the periods (a) 1980 to 2000 and b) 2080 to 2100 for the SRES A1B scenario. The dashed white line indicates the present-day 15% average sea ...
... Figure 10.14. Multi-model mean sea ice concentration (%) for January to March (JFM) and June to September (JAS), in the Arctic (top) and Antarctic (bottom) for the periods (a) 1980 to 2000 and b) 2080 to 2100 for the SRES A1B scenario. The dashed white line indicates the present-day 15% average sea ...
Estimation of Climate Change Impacts (Pece Ristevski
... In the papers of Makjanic B. (Makjanic B. 1990) and Milutinovic A. (Milutinovic A. 1974) because there were no data of high regions (from the meteorological stations: Popova Sapka, Mavrovi Anovi, Lazaropole and Solunska Glava) and because of inadequate access to other data, it was not noticed that a ...
... In the papers of Makjanic B. (Makjanic B. 1990) and Milutinovic A. (Milutinovic A. 1974) because there were no data of high regions (from the meteorological stations: Popova Sapka, Mavrovi Anovi, Lazaropole and Solunska Glava) and because of inadequate access to other data, it was not noticed that a ...
An Agricultural Law Research Article on U.S. Forests, Regions, and the
... for the range of attributes society values from forests. Further, the ecological changes caused by climate change could have large implications both for non-marketed attributes (e.g. biodiversity), and for other economic sectors associated with forests (e.g. recreation and water supply). The economi ...
... for the range of attributes society values from forests. Further, the ecological changes caused by climate change could have large implications both for non-marketed attributes (e.g. biodiversity), and for other economic sectors associated with forests (e.g. recreation and water supply). The economi ...
Common Knowledge? Public Understanding of Climate Change in
... values, and moral responsibilities for future and distant environments and societies. Section three outlines the ways in which respondents interpreted their responsibilities towards the global environment. Although morally sanctioned, and seen as a valid means of achieving other goals, actions taken ...
... values, and moral responsibilities for future and distant environments and societies. Section three outlines the ways in which respondents interpreted their responsibilities towards the global environment. Although morally sanctioned, and seen as a valid means of achieving other goals, actions taken ...
Fairtrade and the carbon market
... communities in developing countries to benefit from access to carbon finance and the opportunity to tackle the effects of climate change. We call on businesses and civil society to consider their carbon emissions and support the Fairtrade Climate Standard by purchasing ...
... communities in developing countries to benefit from access to carbon finance and the opportunity to tackle the effects of climate change. We call on businesses and civil society to consider their carbon emissions and support the Fairtrade Climate Standard by purchasing ...
SEA LEVEL CHANGE
... increases. This thermal expansion is larger at higher temperatures and is one of the main contributors to recent and future sea-level change. Salinity changes within the ocean also have a signiRcant impact on the local density, and thus on local sea level, but have little effect on the global-averag ...
... increases. This thermal expansion is larger at higher temperatures and is one of the main contributors to recent and future sea-level change. Salinity changes within the ocean also have a signiRcant impact on the local density, and thus on local sea level, but have little effect on the global-averag ...
PDF
... Quiggin and Horowitz, 1999; Schlenker and Roberts, 2006; Guiteras, 2007). It is argued that that Ricardian approach fails to fully control the effects of unobservable farm and farmer characteristics on farm incomes that may be correlated with climate change. Further, it uses cross-section or repeate ...
... Quiggin and Horowitz, 1999; Schlenker and Roberts, 2006; Guiteras, 2007). It is argued that that Ricardian approach fails to fully control the effects of unobservable farm and farmer characteristics on farm incomes that may be correlated with climate change. Further, it uses cross-section or repeate ...
Climate change and groundwater: a short review Geological Society
... shows geographical patterns similar to those observed over the last few decades. Warming is expected to be greatest over land and at the highest northern latitudes, and least over the Southern Oceans and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean; † Snow cover is projected to contract. Widespread increases i ...
... shows geographical patterns similar to those observed over the last few decades. Warming is expected to be greatest over land and at the highest northern latitudes, and least over the Southern Oceans and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean; † Snow cover is projected to contract. Widespread increases i ...
Climate Change Threatens the Survival of Coral Reefs
... combination of increasing ocean temperatures, acidification and more local pressures such as pollution and overfishing is causing cumulative damage [2]. As coral reefs disappear, so will the habitat of a quarter of all marine species, many of which require the three-dimensional structure and high pr ...
... combination of increasing ocean temperatures, acidification and more local pressures such as pollution and overfishing is causing cumulative damage [2]. As coral reefs disappear, so will the habitat of a quarter of all marine species, many of which require the three-dimensional structure and high pr ...
Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse
... enumerated in the endangerment finding—PFCs and SF6—are not present within motor vehicle emissions. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA was the catalyst for these findings. The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) and eighteen other environmentally centered org ...
... enumerated in the endangerment finding—PFCs and SF6—are not present within motor vehicle emissions. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA was the catalyst for these findings. The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) and eighteen other environmentally centered org ...
No Gap for One Earth
... foundation for Taiwan’s efforts to respond to climate change, but also underlines the government’s determination to take part in global initiatives. Passed in June 2015, the act officially enshrines into law Taiwan’s goal of cutting carbon emissions to 50 percent of 2005 levels by 2050. Taiwan is pr ...
... foundation for Taiwan’s efforts to respond to climate change, but also underlines the government’s determination to take part in global initiatives. Passed in June 2015, the act officially enshrines into law Taiwan’s goal of cutting carbon emissions to 50 percent of 2005 levels by 2050. Taiwan is pr ...
Slide 1
... EU (-20% to -30% vs 1990), Australia (-5% to -25% vs 2000) and Norway (- 30% to -40% vs 1990) have unconditional low end targets and conditional high end targets. US (-17% vs 2005) conditiona on enactment domestic legislation Canadian target is a retreat from their offer under the Kyoto Protoc ...
... EU (-20% to -30% vs 1990), Australia (-5% to -25% vs 2000) and Norway (- 30% to -40% vs 1990) have unconditional low end targets and conditional high end targets. US (-17% vs 2005) conditiona on enactment domestic legislation Canadian target is a retreat from their offer under the Kyoto Protoc ...
pengantar klimatologi
... and geological conditions. The former cause is related to the community adaptive capacity, while the latter is related to the specific nature of the locality. Both together comprise to the specific local vulnerability. However, there is no specific and adequate study to address the regional capacity ...
... and geological conditions. The former cause is related to the community adaptive capacity, while the latter is related to the specific nature of the locality. Both together comprise to the specific local vulnerability. However, there is no specific and adequate study to address the regional capacity ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.