The Climate System: an Overview
... process, both marine and terrestrial plants (especially forests) store significant amounts of carbon from carbon dioxide. Thus, the biosphere plays a central role in the carbon cycle, as well as in the budgets of many other gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide. Other biospheric emissions are the ...
... process, both marine and terrestrial plants (especially forests) store significant amounts of carbon from carbon dioxide. Thus, the biosphere plays a central role in the carbon cycle, as well as in the budgets of many other gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide. Other biospheric emissions are the ...
PDF
... (Deschenes and Greenstone, 2007) are good measures of acute effects but are less appropriate measures of the long-run impacts of climate change. The analysis assumes that prices remain unchanged (Cline 1996). Although changes in local supply might be dramatic, prices of food crops are determined by ...
... (Deschenes and Greenstone, 2007) are good measures of acute effects but are less appropriate measures of the long-run impacts of climate change. The analysis assumes that prices remain unchanged (Cline 1996). Although changes in local supply might be dramatic, prices of food crops are determined by ...
Overview of IACCF
... potential impact of differing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on global mean temperature) with current market-based predictions of emission levels (including those arising from recent increases in economic growth in India and China). The selection of these scenarios is for the purpose of d ...
... potential impact of differing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on global mean temperature) with current market-based predictions of emission levels (including those arising from recent increases in economic growth in India and China). The selection of these scenarios is for the purpose of d ...
NEGOTIATORS - Green Climate Fund
... on their efforts to establish GCF as a main financial entity that will serve Parties in achieving effective delivery of multilateral climate action. A strong financial entity under UNFCCC that grows over time is critical to ensure coherence and proper tracking of climate flows. It will help establis ...
... on their efforts to establish GCF as a main financial entity that will serve Parties in achieving effective delivery of multilateral climate action. A strong financial entity under UNFCCC that grows over time is critical to ensure coherence and proper tracking of climate flows. It will help establis ...
Modeling the Monsoons in a Changing Climate
... temperature and atmospheric moisture content are inherently related the obvious question is how the global hydrological cycle will respond to changes in temperature. Observations over the last 1000 years indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) amount has increased by 25% since the industrial revolution, ...
... temperature and atmospheric moisture content are inherently related the obvious question is how the global hydrological cycle will respond to changes in temperature. Observations over the last 1000 years indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) amount has increased by 25% since the industrial revolution, ...
Midterm review - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... 1997, = average of rainfall over that period minus averages of all June, July and August values over a much longer period, such as 1950-1998. • To be precise, the averaging time period for the anomaly and the averaging time period for the climatology should be ...
... 1997, = average of rainfall over that period minus averages of all June, July and August values over a much longer period, such as 1950-1998. • To be precise, the averaging time period for the anomaly and the averaging time period for the climatology should be ...
Folie 1
... ETUI Conference: Climate Change: An opportunity for social cooperation 29-30 March 2011 ...
... ETUI Conference: Climate Change: An opportunity for social cooperation 29-30 March 2011 ...
Busting the Carbon Budget: Low Carbon Economy Index.
... This is the first time that the IPCC has published carbon budgets associated with different emissions pathways – these are called Representative Concentration Pathways (or RCPs). The AR5 notes that total CO2 emissions since the mid-19th century should not exceed 800 GtC to achieve the goal to limit ...
... This is the first time that the IPCC has published carbon budgets associated with different emissions pathways – these are called Representative Concentration Pathways (or RCPs). The AR5 notes that total CO2 emissions since the mid-19th century should not exceed 800 GtC to achieve the goal to limit ...
73 - ITU
... that the issue of the environment, including climate change, is rapidly emerging as a global concern and requires global collaboration; b) that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had risen by more than 70 per cent ...
... that the issue of the environment, including climate change, is rapidly emerging as a global concern and requires global collaboration; b) that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had risen by more than 70 per cent ...
UNDP Climate Change Inside Eng1
... peatlands, and diminishing carbon ‘sinks’ – with Indonesia thus identified as a major contributor to global warming. All this is true, but it is only half the story. As this report highlights, Indonesians will also be major victims of climate change – and unless we rapidly learn to adapt to this new ...
... peatlands, and diminishing carbon ‘sinks’ – with Indonesia thus identified as a major contributor to global warming. All this is true, but it is only half the story. As this report highlights, Indonesians will also be major victims of climate change – and unless we rapidly learn to adapt to this new ...
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature
... an increase of 0.3-0.6℃ of the surface air temperature 0.5-0.7℃ for the Northern Hemisphere) since 1860 [2, 10,11], while the eighth warmest years ever recorded were observed after [12] . A broad consensus of scientists has concluded that, the earth’s surface air temperature increased by about 0.6℃ ...
... an increase of 0.3-0.6℃ of the surface air temperature 0.5-0.7℃ for the Northern Hemisphere) since 1860 [2, 10,11], while the eighth warmest years ever recorded were observed after [12] . A broad consensus of scientists has concluded that, the earth’s surface air temperature increased by about 0.6℃ ...
Increasing bioenergy production on arable land - CLM
... Coumou and Robinson, 2013]. Zaitchik et al. [2006] found a heat dampening effect of forest during the heat wave 2003 in France based on satellite data. It is believed that changes in the surface energy budget are driving the evolution of hot summers [Stegehuis et al., 2012]. The authors found that wa ...
... Coumou and Robinson, 2013]. Zaitchik et al. [2006] found a heat dampening effect of forest during the heat wave 2003 in France based on satellite data. It is believed that changes in the surface energy budget are driving the evolution of hot summers [Stegehuis et al., 2012]. The authors found that wa ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropog ...
... estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropog ...
Two degrees of separation: ambition and reality
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
Two degrees of separation: ambition and reality
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
Too late, too sudden: Transition to a low
... Belated awareness about the importance of controlling emissions could result in an abrupt implementation of quantity constraints on the use of carbon-intensive energy sources. The costs of the transition will be correspondingly higher. This adverse scenario could affect systemic risk via three main ...
... Belated awareness about the importance of controlling emissions could result in an abrupt implementation of quantity constraints on the use of carbon-intensive energy sources. The costs of the transition will be correspondingly higher. This adverse scenario could affect systemic risk via three main ...
Carrie_Kissman_
... entire state as well as at smaller, regional scales. The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has collected temperature and precipitation data at 26 weather stations throughout Ohio since 1895 (Figure 2). The number of USHCN weather stations is limited as USHCN stations are required to have a ...
... entire state as well as at smaller, regional scales. The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has collected temperature and precipitation data at 26 weather stations throughout Ohio since 1895 (Figure 2). The number of USHCN weather stations is limited as USHCN stations are required to have a ...
PDF
... currently implemented, nor does it include pollution taxes (for example for nitrogen emissions to mitigate climate change). Here we have developed three policy scenarios to evaluate three levels of adaptation to climate change. In a first level we analyze land crop productivity in a context in which ...
... currently implemented, nor does it include pollution taxes (for example for nitrogen emissions to mitigate climate change). Here we have developed three policy scenarios to evaluate three levels of adaptation to climate change. In a first level we analyze land crop productivity in a context in which ...
Deputy Secretary-General
... more hot days and heat waves, and fewer cold and frost days; as well as more intense precipitation events, for many areas. ‘Likely’ changes include increases in risk of drought in continental mid-latitude areas. In this connection, it is recalled that large parts of Europe experienced exceptional he ...
... more hot days and heat waves, and fewer cold and frost days; as well as more intense precipitation events, for many areas. ‘Likely’ changes include increases in risk of drought in continental mid-latitude areas. In this connection, it is recalled that large parts of Europe experienced exceptional he ...
A call to insect scientists: challenges and opportunities of managing
... regions hundreds of kilometers apart through rapidly shifting climate envelopes. Fortunately, the case of the monarch provides a useful example — the Trilateral Monarch Butterfly Sister Area Network has worked for over a decade across three nations to collaborate on monarch conservation projects [22 ...
... regions hundreds of kilometers apart through rapidly shifting climate envelopes. Fortunately, the case of the monarch provides a useful example — the Trilateral Monarch Butterfly Sister Area Network has worked for over a decade across three nations to collaborate on monarch conservation projects [22 ...
Economics and finance - Prairie Climate Centre
... • Monetizing the value of ecosystem services valuation allows cities to identify and prioritize high-value natural and green infrastructure climate solutions. Alberta has experienced significant changes in recent decades, including changes in its climate. Average annual temperatures are increasing ...
... • Monetizing the value of ecosystem services valuation allows cities to identify and prioritize high-value natural and green infrastructure climate solutions. Alberta has experienced significant changes in recent decades, including changes in its climate. Average annual temperatures are increasing ...
New Topics, Summer 2011: Climate Change and
... I want to focus ICE cases on conflict and environment and specifically on its relation to climate change and violent conflict. Within that realm, I want cases that look at how climate change will influence borders or situations, including borders in the overall policy calculus. These topics can be ...
... I want to focus ICE cases on conflict and environment and specifically on its relation to climate change and violent conflict. Within that realm, I want cases that look at how climate change will influence borders or situations, including borders in the overall policy calculus. These topics can be ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.