A 700 Year Record of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Climate
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
Business and Climate Change Issues: Discussion on Awareness and Motivational Factors
... sectors may face increasing threats, while others may be less affected and some may even get opportunities and benefits (Begum & Pereira, 2011; Okereke, C., 2007). The Stern review (2007) also stresses that climate change and weather events can disrupt businesses and indirectly alter market demand a ...
... sectors may face increasing threats, while others may be less affected and some may even get opportunities and benefits (Begum & Pereira, 2011; Okereke, C., 2007). The Stern review (2007) also stresses that climate change and weather events can disrupt businesses and indirectly alter market demand a ...
Appendix 4 Coding Sheet
... e. If the negotiations were seen wholly or partly as a failure, who was clearly identified as mostly to ...
... e. If the negotiations were seen wholly or partly as a failure, who was clearly identified as mostly to ...
International climate policy after Copenhagen: towards a ‘building blocks’ approach: Working Paper No. 21 (303 kB) (opens in new window)
... difficult and the Kyoto Protocol only entered into force in February 2005, after a prolonged struggle to muster a sufficient number of ratifications. The Kyoto Protocol was also more limited in its scope compared to the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent revisions. Commitments to reduce greenhouse ...
... difficult and the Kyoto Protocol only entered into force in February 2005, after a prolonged struggle to muster a sufficient number of ratifications. The Kyoto Protocol was also more limited in its scope compared to the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent revisions. Commitments to reduce greenhouse ...
A few things before we (really) start
... Which impacts of climate change can lead to displacements? ...
... Which impacts of climate change can lead to displacements? ...
Climate Change in Hamilton City, New Zealand - UN
... temperature ranges have decreased due to minimum temperatures rising much faster than maximum temperatures8. Climate change has resulted in about 10 fewer days per year below freezing and an additional two days per year with temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius9. Within 70-100 years, temperatures c ...
... temperature ranges have decreased due to minimum temperatures rising much faster than maximum temperatures8. Climate change has resulted in about 10 fewer days per year below freezing and an additional two days per year with temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius9. Within 70-100 years, temperatures c ...
Visualizing Life Zone Boundary Sensitivities Across Climate Models
... Using a multi-factor classification scheme, we show how life zones change over time based on quantitative model results into the next century. Using two straightforward metrics, we identify regions of high sensitivity to climate changes from two global climate simulations under two different greenhou ...
... Using a multi-factor classification scheme, we show how life zones change over time based on quantitative model results into the next century. Using two straightforward metrics, we identify regions of high sensitivity to climate changes from two global climate simulations under two different greenhou ...
Influence of feedback on the stochastic evolution of simple climate systems
... time is τc = 200 years, the value qτ /c(0) = 2.45 is chosen so that, after 100 years, t/τc = 0.5 in dimensionless units of time, the concentration reaches the value c(1) = 550 ppm, twice the pre-industrial level. The feedback parameter γ = 0.34 and the equilibrium temperature difference T0 = 8.84 ...
... time is τc = 200 years, the value qτ /c(0) = 2.45 is chosen so that, after 100 years, t/τc = 0.5 in dimensionless units of time, the concentration reaches the value c(1) = 550 ppm, twice the pre-industrial level. The feedback parameter γ = 0.34 and the equilibrium temperature difference T0 = 8.84 ...
View - PERI
... temperature will increase by 0.4 to 1.1oC over 1990 levels, accompanied by a sea level rise of 314 cm over 1990. Though this temperature rise exceeds natural variability, it could allow many – though not all – ecosystems to adapt. It can thus be tentatively taken as an upper limit on the tolerable r ...
... temperature will increase by 0.4 to 1.1oC over 1990 levels, accompanied by a sea level rise of 314 cm over 1990. Though this temperature rise exceeds natural variability, it could allow many – though not all – ecosystems to adapt. It can thus be tentatively taken as an upper limit on the tolerable r ...
Are there connections between the Earth`s magnetic field and climate?
... daunting task, particularly as one moves further back in time [7]. Uncertainties are much larger in the southern than in the northern hemisphere, and increase rather fast (as one goes back in the past) prior to 1950. The main features of temperature variations over the past 100 yr or so include warm ...
... daunting task, particularly as one moves further back in time [7]. Uncertainties are much larger in the southern than in the northern hemisphere, and increase rather fast (as one goes back in the past) prior to 1950. The main features of temperature variations over the past 100 yr or so include warm ...
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
... transient alterations in an organism’s neurophysiological and somatovisceral state that represent its immediate relationship to the flow of changing events… in a sense, core affect is a neurophysiologic barometer of the individual’s relationship to an environment at a given point in time. To the ext ...
... transient alterations in an organism’s neurophysiological and somatovisceral state that represent its immediate relationship to the flow of changing events… in a sense, core affect is a neurophysiologic barometer of the individual’s relationship to an environment at a given point in time. To the ext ...
Record-breaking temperatures reveal a warming climate
... in a moderate but significant way: For the European station data covering the time period 19762005, we find that about 5 of the 17 high temperature records observed on average in 2005 can be attributed to the warming climate. ...
... in a moderate but significant way: For the European station data covering the time period 19762005, we find that about 5 of the 17 high temperature records observed on average in 2005 can be attributed to the warming climate. ...
Consultancy for Development of Nationally Appropriate mitigation
... without the NAMA, Monitoring plan - NAMA indicators and parameters, Management plan, Phased financial structure and Reporting plan. 2. Terms of Reference for Consultant ...
... without the NAMA, Monitoring plan - NAMA indicators and parameters, Management plan, Phased financial structure and Reporting plan. 2. Terms of Reference for Consultant ...
Saimaa University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology, Imatra
... use more than a few days into the future. By contrast, climate predictions focus on expected changes in average conditions, while recognizing that individual days, weeks, months or years will always buck the longer-term trend. (2.) The sun also drives our climate. Sunlight provides energy which heat ...
... use more than a few days into the future. By contrast, climate predictions focus on expected changes in average conditions, while recognizing that individual days, weeks, months or years will always buck the longer-term trend. (2.) The sun also drives our climate. Sunlight provides energy which heat ...
Atmospheric moisture transport: the bridge between ocean
... The analysis adopted here to discuss existing results is mostly based on the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (Bintanja and Selten, 2014; Stohl and James, 2004), using data from 1979 to 2013 obtained from the ERAInterim reanalysis of the ECMWF (Dee et al., 2011), which can be considered ...
... The analysis adopted here to discuss existing results is mostly based on the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (Bintanja and Selten, 2014; Stohl and James, 2004), using data from 1979 to 2013 obtained from the ERAInterim reanalysis of the ECMWF (Dee et al., 2011), which can be considered ...
May, 2008 - India Environment Portal
... others. Tropical diseases, which will increase their range as the climate warms, will exact their toll in human lives. Changing patterns of rainfall will lead to local shortages of food and safe drinking water. Large-scale human migrations in response to rising sea levels and other climate-induced s ...
... others. Tropical diseases, which will increase their range as the climate warms, will exact their toll in human lives. Changing patterns of rainfall will lead to local shortages of food and safe drinking water. Large-scale human migrations in response to rising sea levels and other climate-induced s ...
Reconfiguring the Contours of Statehood and the Rights of Peoples
... self-determination and the desire of threatened states to continue the life of their state, even if that means relocating to a new setting. Throughout its history, the nation state has never depended entirely upon its territorial component. Other important elements include government, sovereignty, a ...
... self-determination and the desire of threatened states to continue the life of their state, even if that means relocating to a new setting. Throughout its history, the nation state has never depended entirely upon its territorial component. Other important elements include government, sovereignty, a ...
PDF
... in the composition of the global atmosphere, climate change is caused directly and indirectly by various human activities in addition to natural climate variability over time.Despite its natural occurence, it is likely that the rate of future climate change may be more rapid than at any time in the ...
... in the composition of the global atmosphere, climate change is caused directly and indirectly by various human activities in addition to natural climate variability over time.Despite its natural occurence, it is likely that the rate of future climate change may be more rapid than at any time in the ...
Dynamic modeling of adaptation indicators related to climate
... empirical research is the spatial delimitation of indicators, which refers to an essentially country-based approach (Downing et al., 2001; Yohe & Tol 2002; Parson et al, 2003; Brooks et al., 2005; Grothmann & Patt, 2005; Adger & Vincent, 2005; Alberina et al., 2006; Eakin & Lemos, 2006; Twomlov et a ...
... empirical research is the spatial delimitation of indicators, which refers to an essentially country-based approach (Downing et al., 2001; Yohe & Tol 2002; Parson et al, 2003; Brooks et al., 2005; Grothmann & Patt, 2005; Adger & Vincent, 2005; Alberina et al., 2006; Eakin & Lemos, 2006; Twomlov et a ...
Adapting to Climate Change
... decisions and attitudes that reflect existing social norms and processes (Adger et al. 2005) Adaptation to climate change does not happen in isolation – multiple actors and multiple stresses and stimuli ...
... decisions and attitudes that reflect existing social norms and processes (Adger et al. 2005) Adaptation to climate change does not happen in isolation – multiple actors and multiple stresses and stimuli ...
Financial engineering, including investment approaches for
... non-concessional lending can be significantly higher where the public finance is concessional lending, grants or equity (8 to 10 or higher) ...
... non-concessional lending can be significantly higher where the public finance is concessional lending, grants or equity (8 to 10 or higher) ...
The basic economics of low-carbon growth in the UK (434 kB) (opens in new window)
... analysis. For example, unmanaged climate change could lead to mass movements of population, possibly hundreds of millions by the end of this century, and much of it towards higher latitudes. It is of course very difficult to model such high impact risks, so some modellers understandably impose a tar ...
... analysis. For example, unmanaged climate change could lead to mass movements of population, possibly hundreds of millions by the end of this century, and much of it towards higher latitudes. It is of course very difficult to model such high impact risks, so some modellers understandably impose a tar ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources Daniel Morris and Margaret Walls∗ I. Introduction It is now widely recognized that climate change is taking place, and in the absence of serious policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—and in fact, even with it—the planet will continue to grow warmer ...
... Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources Daniel Morris and Margaret Walls∗ I. Introduction It is now widely recognized that climate change is taking place, and in the absence of serious policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—and in fact, even with it—the planet will continue to grow warmer ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.