The Positive Feedback Loop between the Impacts of Climate
... such as evapotranspiration and surface albedo. In the opposite direction, climate change affects crop growth both directly as temperature and precipitation patterns change and also through many indirect effects: for example, by affecting weed competitiveness and pest outbreaks. Agriculture is a majo ...
... such as evapotranspiration and surface albedo. In the opposite direction, climate change affects crop growth both directly as temperature and precipitation patterns change and also through many indirect effects: for example, by affecting weed competitiveness and pest outbreaks. Agriculture is a majo ...
Snowshoe Hare and Canada Lynx Populations - G-WOW
... feet for maneuvering through snow, and a short, black-tipped tail. During the winter the Canada lynx has a long, thick grey coat with white tips, and during the summer a short, thin light brown coat. The long patches of fur on the face, and the thick, long ear tufts distinguish this breed. They are ...
... feet for maneuvering through snow, and a short, black-tipped tail. During the winter the Canada lynx has a long, thick grey coat with white tips, and during the summer a short, thin light brown coat. The long patches of fur on the face, and the thick, long ear tufts distinguish this breed. They are ...
Development of a system emulating the global carbon cycle in Earth
... in the global carbon cycle may have a significant impact on the climate. Since state of the art models are too computationally expensive for it to be possible to explore their parametric uncertainty in anything approaching a comprehensive fashion, we have developed a simplified system for investigat ...
... in the global carbon cycle may have a significant impact on the climate. Since state of the art models are too computationally expensive for it to be possible to explore their parametric uncertainty in anything approaching a comprehensive fashion, we have developed a simplified system for investigat ...
Climate Changes, Impacts and Implications for New Zealand to
... designed to be extended to regional and sectoral scenarios but make no assumptions about global or national-level climate change policy. In addition, Shared climate Policy Assumptions (SPAs) describe potential climate change mitigation and/ or adaptation policies specific to New Zealand, which enabl ...
... designed to be extended to regional and sectoral scenarios but make no assumptions about global or national-level climate change policy. In addition, Shared climate Policy Assumptions (SPAs) describe potential climate change mitigation and/ or adaptation policies specific to New Zealand, which enabl ...
... and resource availability in the birds' wintering and breeding areas. This mismatch may be difficult to overcome by natural selection if climatic changes occur rapidly (Potti, 1998; Bradley et al., 1999; Both & Visser, 2001; but see Møller, 2001; Pulido et al., 2001; Yom-Tov, 2001). Most studies ana ...
Project Summary
... An overwhelming body of scientific evidence indicates that “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (Solomon et al., 2007). One of the impacts of this warmin ...
... An overwhelming body of scientific evidence indicates that “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (Solomon et al., 2007). One of the impacts of this warmin ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... and political forces. 27 It is also in relation to such interpretations of an ‘individualised society’ 28 that the recent ‘wave’ or expansion in celebrity culture over the past two decades has been situated. The celebrity, in many ways, can be understood as the figure of the individual par excellenc ...
... and political forces. 27 It is also in relation to such interpretations of an ‘individualised society’ 28 that the recent ‘wave’ or expansion in celebrity culture over the past two decades has been situated. The celebrity, in many ways, can be understood as the figure of the individual par excellenc ...
Rose and Rayborn, "The effects of ocean heat uptake on transient
... where E represents the energy content of the system (atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice), R is the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere, and the overbars denote a global average. Addition of CO2 or other radiatively active substance to the atmosphere pushes the energy budget out of ...
... where E represents the energy content of the system (atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice), R is the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere, and the overbars denote a global average. Addition of CO2 or other radiatively active substance to the atmosphere pushes the energy budget out of ...
A Bottom Up, Resource- Based Perspective To Deal With Climate Variability and Change
... limitations, which have come increasingly to light over the past decade. The concept is inadequate for some forcing agents, such as absorbing aerosols and land-use changes, that may have regional climate impacts much greater than would be predicted from TOA radiative forcing. Also, it diagnoses only ...
... limitations, which have come increasingly to light over the past decade. The concept is inadequate for some forcing agents, such as absorbing aerosols and land-use changes, that may have regional climate impacts much greater than would be predicted from TOA radiative forcing. Also, it diagnoses only ...
Ocean Plankton and Climate Change
... oceans reduces the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere and mitigates its impact on climate warming. Now, however, there is a growing concern about the price of this “service.” According to a 2004 UNESCO report, Priorities for Research on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, accumulating ocean carb ...
... oceans reduces the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere and mitigates its impact on climate warming. Now, however, there is a growing concern about the price of this “service.” According to a 2004 UNESCO report, Priorities for Research on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, accumulating ocean carb ...
trilateral strategy - Common Wadden Sea Secretariat
... Wadden Sea region may increase among 2.0 and 4.7 degrees Celsius until the end of this century. Water temperatures in the Wadden Sea are already increasing and are expected to increase further. Due to the high uncertainty regarding the magnitude and direction of the above climate change aspects, as ...
... Wadden Sea region may increase among 2.0 and 4.7 degrees Celsius until the end of this century. Water temperatures in the Wadden Sea are already increasing and are expected to increase further. Due to the high uncertainty regarding the magnitude and direction of the above climate change aspects, as ...
The oil industry and climate change: strategies
... was not peer-reviewed, states that: ‘the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on climate.’ You’ll note that this is a very carefully worded statement, recognising that the jury is still out, especially on any quantifiable connection to human actions. The conclusion does not ref ...
... was not peer-reviewed, states that: ‘the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on climate.’ You’ll note that this is a very carefully worded statement, recognising that the jury is still out, especially on any quantifiable connection to human actions. The conclusion does not ref ...
The Nature of Weather and Climate
... -variations in solar output -orbital variations -movement of continents -atmosphere/ocean variability -volcanic activity 2) Human mechanisms: -land use/land cover change (e.g., deforestation) -changing atmospheric chemistry (greenhouse gases) ...
... -variations in solar output -orbital variations -movement of continents -atmosphere/ocean variability -volcanic activity 2) Human mechanisms: -land use/land cover change (e.g., deforestation) -changing atmospheric chemistry (greenhouse gases) ...
Key NGO Priorities in Energy and Climate Change
... • Many countries have electricity and/or carbon taxes • Proposal for harmonisation since 1992 – going nowhere slowly • Concerns include fuel poverty (UK), inflation (Spain) and competitiveness (everybody) • Tackling subsidies is even harder, but possibly more important Rob Bradley, Climate Action Ne ...
... • Many countries have electricity and/or carbon taxes • Proposal for harmonisation since 1992 – going nowhere slowly • Concerns include fuel poverty (UK), inflation (Spain) and competitiveness (everybody) • Tackling subsidies is even harder, but possibly more important Rob Bradley, Climate Action Ne ...
Global Warming and its Impact on Cane Production under Pakistan
... Global warming is a long term universal challenge being faced in Agricultural sectors in all contents of the world. It is directly associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide and methane. It results in climatic change with change in rainfall pattern and t ...
... Global warming is a long term universal challenge being faced in Agricultural sectors in all contents of the world. It is directly associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide and methane. It results in climatic change with change in rainfall pattern and t ...
... future, agriculture could suffer even more from uneven weather patterns. Excessive rainfall during the harvest season damages crops, and monsoon torrents can wash away irrigation canals and deposit sand and gravel in rice fields. By altering soil temperature and moisture, climate change can also alt ...
Designing a Programme to Address Evidence Gaps in Greenhouse
... aerobic conditions where carbon is lost rapidly as CO2 to the atmosphere through decomposition of plant matter. Damaged peatlands can also lose their stored carbon through fluvial pathways, as particulate or dissolved organic matter; and as dissolved inorganic carbon derived from organic materials. ...
... aerobic conditions where carbon is lost rapidly as CO2 to the atmosphere through decomposition of plant matter. Damaged peatlands can also lose their stored carbon through fluvial pathways, as particulate or dissolved organic matter; and as dissolved inorganic carbon derived from organic materials. ...
Terrestrial Ecosystem Adaptation
... responses depends both on temperature trends and the land–surface water balance. Although temperature warming trends for North America are well documented, the land–water balance trends over the past half century suggest that roughly the western half of the continent is becoming drier and the eas ...
... responses depends both on temperature trends and the land–surface water balance. Although temperature warming trends for North America are well documented, the land–water balance trends over the past half century suggest that roughly the western half of the continent is becoming drier and the eas ...
Cultural Response to Climate Change in the Holocene
... game (Dow, 2005). They did not establish permanent settlements, relocating when the seasons or climate changed. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favorable to it. Richardson (2001) argues that agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice ...
... game (Dow, 2005). They did not establish permanent settlements, relocating when the seasons or climate changed. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favorable to it. Richardson (2001) argues that agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice ...
The Projected Death of the Fertile Crescent
... It shows that the stream flow decreases in most of rivers in the East Mediterranean region and increases in the Nile River and the Caucasus Mountain region. It also clearly illustrates that the annual stream flow is projected to decrease in the future in all rivers over the Middle East. Kitoh et al. ...
... It shows that the stream flow decreases in most of rivers in the East Mediterranean region and increases in the Nile River and the Caucasus Mountain region. It also clearly illustrates that the annual stream flow is projected to decrease in the future in all rivers over the Middle East. Kitoh et al. ...
McCarl, B.A., J. Chen, and A. Thayer, "Climate change and food
... scenario (RCP 8.5), average global temperature is expected to increase by about 4oC by 2100. Although the lowest IPCC scenario (RCP 2.6) only projects 1oC of warming, this scenario is not likely as it is predicated on peak CO2 emissions occurring in the year 2020 and then declining and becoming nega ...
... scenario (RCP 8.5), average global temperature is expected to increase by about 4oC by 2100. Although the lowest IPCC scenario (RCP 2.6) only projects 1oC of warming, this scenario is not likely as it is predicated on peak CO2 emissions occurring in the year 2020 and then declining and becoming nega ...
Climate Science: Is it currently designed to answer questions
... Vietnam War may have demanded savings someplace, but the fact that science was regarded as, to some extent, dispensable, came as a shock to many scientists. So did the massive increase in management structures and bureaucracy which took control of science out of the hands of working scientists. All ...
... Vietnam War may have demanded savings someplace, but the fact that science was regarded as, to some extent, dispensable, came as a shock to many scientists. So did the massive increase in management structures and bureaucracy which took control of science out of the hands of working scientists. All ...
Climate Psychology in Cartoons - Association of Energy Engineers
... Point 1: Know your audience ... ... and expect them to have different mental models than scientists’. Newcomers to the climate issue might be sick of getting too much ice in their Dr. Pepper, so explain how sea ice is different ...
... Point 1: Know your audience ... ... and expect them to have different mental models than scientists’. Newcomers to the climate issue might be sick of getting too much ice in their Dr. Pepper, so explain how sea ice is different ...
Writing Sample Kimiko Nygaard – Technical Narrative (5 pages, Appendix)
... reasonable to assume local observations and narratives of these effects are similarly diverse in nature. Recognizing the asymmetric outcomes of climate change is tantamount to informing accurate place-sensitive assessments of community vulnerability and the identification of appropriate adaptation s ...
... reasonable to assume local observations and narratives of these effects are similarly diverse in nature. Recognizing the asymmetric outcomes of climate change is tantamount to informing accurate place-sensitive assessments of community vulnerability and the identification of appropriate adaptation s ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.