Temperature (Word) - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
... conclusions of Morrill and colleagues, as the river has warmed 0.95°C (1.7°F) from 1946-2008, driven by warming air temperatures (Seekell and Pace 2011). According to climate models produced through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Climate System Research Center at the Un ...
... conclusions of Morrill and colleagues, as the river has warmed 0.95°C (1.7°F) from 1946-2008, driven by warming air temperatures (Seekell and Pace 2011). According to climate models produced through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Climate System Research Center at the Un ...
Assessing the Relative Roles of Initial and Boundary Conditions in
... boundary conditions, such as explosive volcanic eruptions, are unlikely ever to be predictable in a deterministic sense, but their role still needs to be understood since it places limits on attainable forecast skill. 2. Comparing two kinds of predictability The question of predictability of the sec ...
... boundary conditions, such as explosive volcanic eruptions, are unlikely ever to be predictable in a deterministic sense, but their role still needs to be understood since it places limits on attainable forecast skill. 2. Comparing two kinds of predictability The question of predictability of the sec ...
sinergee - University of Reading, Meteorology
... O1. Combine satellite radiation budget measurements with atmospheric reanalyses, providing improved 2D estimates of surface heat fluxes across the ocean surface (WP1) O2. Calculate global 3D ocean heat content and its changes since 2003 using ARGO and ship-based observations, leading to improved und ...
... O1. Combine satellite radiation budget measurements with atmospheric reanalyses, providing improved 2D estimates of surface heat fluxes across the ocean surface (WP1) O2. Calculate global 3D ocean heat content and its changes since 2003 using ARGO and ship-based observations, leading to improved und ...
Why the Ireland Strategic Investment Fund should be
... efforts. Despite implicit reliance on CCS in many emissions scenarios, last year, the UK and US governments cancelled major investment projects and four leading European utilities pulled out of the European Union’s Zero Emission Platform, a long-term project to study and develop CCS technology. Ther ...
... efforts. Despite implicit reliance on CCS in many emissions scenarios, last year, the UK and US governments cancelled major investment projects and four leading European utilities pulled out of the European Union’s Zero Emission Platform, a long-term project to study and develop CCS technology. Ther ...
Climate Change and Variability
... This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. To set the context, we summarise key findings of the recent (2007) global climate change assessment und ...
... This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. To set the context, we summarise key findings of the recent (2007) global climate change assessment und ...
Will Geoengineering With Solar Radiation Management Ever Be
... Stenchikov, 2008). The impacts of rising temperature on agriculture in general are negative. Pongratz, Lobell, Cao and Caldeira (2012) showed that if the temperature did not rise in a geoengineered world, enhanced CO2 would increase agricultural productivity in general. Still, regional precipitation ...
... Stenchikov, 2008). The impacts of rising temperature on agriculture in general are negative. Pongratz, Lobell, Cao and Caldeira (2012) showed that if the temperature did not rise in a geoengineered world, enhanced CO2 would increase agricultural productivity in general. Still, regional precipitation ...
submission for the carbon tax bill
... with science. Climate prediction is not science, it is pseudo-science, and sooner or later more real scientists are going to wake up to this fact.”…..“If the IPCC were a pharmaceutical company it could face fraud charges for doing this. This is a good analogy. The IPCC claims to have diagnosed a pla ...
... with science. Climate prediction is not science, it is pseudo-science, and sooner or later more real scientists are going to wake up to this fact.”…..“If the IPCC were a pharmaceutical company it could face fraud charges for doing this. This is a good analogy. The IPCC claims to have diagnosed a pla ...
PDF
... Results imply that forest EGS will be strongly influenced by the direct impact of climate change, but that changes in land use will have a comparatively small impact. The simulation of direct impacts of climate change affects forest ES at all elevations, while land use changes can only be found at h ...
... Results imply that forest EGS will be strongly influenced by the direct impact of climate change, but that changes in land use will have a comparatively small impact. The simulation of direct impacts of climate change affects forest ES at all elevations, while land use changes can only be found at h ...
General principle
... risk changes in on-going education initiatives to improve flood risk awareness and preparedness. Be clear and honest in communicating the uncertainties of climate scenarios and derived flood regime scenarios. Improve institutional awareness of potential climate change related impacts on flood risk, ...
... risk changes in on-going education initiatives to improve flood risk awareness and preparedness. Be clear and honest in communicating the uncertainties of climate scenarios and derived flood regime scenarios. Improve institutional awareness of potential climate change related impacts on flood risk, ...
Perceptions of agro-pastoralists towards the change in temperature
... of water resources and appearance of new livestock diseases were also reported. Those observations of the agro-pastoralists are in line with the findings of the previous scholars- Xu et al. (2009) and Aryal et al. (2015) reporting phonological changes. Perception of change in climate and biophysical ...
... of water resources and appearance of new livestock diseases were also reported. Those observations of the agro-pastoralists are in line with the findings of the previous scholars- Xu et al. (2009) and Aryal et al. (2015) reporting phonological changes. Perception of change in climate and biophysical ...
Ruti et al. BAMS - Med
... influence the air-sea fluxes (Josey et al., 2011) and then the upper ocean heat and water budget (2003 heat wave and relative Mediterranean warming is a good example), while long term ocean water mass formation and variability can influence the atmospheric water input (the relevance of this process ...
... influence the air-sea fluxes (Josey et al., 2011) and then the upper ocean heat and water budget (2003 heat wave and relative Mediterranean warming is a good example), while long term ocean water mass formation and variability can influence the atmospheric water input (the relevance of this process ...
The effect of development on the climate sensitivity of agriculture
... municipios in Brazil to test whether the climate response function in Brazil has shifted over time. Third, we compare the climate response functions estimated in India and the United States. We do not include Brazil in these comparisons because the climate measurements for Brazil are not consistent ...
... municipios in Brazil to test whether the climate response function in Brazil has shifted over time. Third, we compare the climate response functions estimated in India and the United States. We do not include Brazil in these comparisons because the climate measurements for Brazil are not consistent ...
Climate Warming and Calling Phenology of Frogs near Ithaca, New
... their first calling activities to earlier dates over this century. Mean differences in first calling dates between 1900–1911 versus 1990–1999 were negative and different from zero for the spring peeper, wood frog, gray treefrog, and bullfrog (Table 2). First calling dates for green frogs and America ...
... their first calling activities to earlier dates over this century. Mean differences in first calling dates between 1900–1911 versus 1990–1999 were negative and different from zero for the spring peeper, wood frog, gray treefrog, and bullfrog (Table 2). First calling dates for green frogs and America ...
PDF
... results is that the agronomic and farm specific analyses fail to capture important adaptations that cause them to overestimate damages. Another explanation is that different types of farms may have different climate sensitivities (Schenkler et al. 2005). The climate response function of rainfed farm ...
... results is that the agronomic and farm specific analyses fail to capture important adaptations that cause them to overestimate damages. Another explanation is that different types of farms may have different climate sensitivities (Schenkler et al. 2005). The climate response function of rainfed farm ...
Climate Impacts on Arctic Lake Ecosystems
... of their high latitude location, these ecosystems experience extreme seasonal variations in incident solar radiation. Above the Arctic Circle, this translates into three months of continuous winter darkness and three months of continuous light in summer, which in turn give rise to high-amplitude flu ...
... of their high latitude location, these ecosystems experience extreme seasonal variations in incident solar radiation. Above the Arctic Circle, this translates into three months of continuous winter darkness and three months of continuous light in summer, which in turn give rise to high-amplitude flu ...
implications for ecosystem function and structure
... In an ecosystem where plant growth is limited by N availability, an increase in N has the potential to enhance photosynthetic rates and carbon storage in trees (Melillo et al. 2002, 2011). This can happen through increases N deposition in precipitation (Melillo and Gosz 1983; Thomas et al. 2009). In ...
... In an ecosystem where plant growth is limited by N availability, an increase in N has the potential to enhance photosynthetic rates and carbon storage in trees (Melillo et al. 2002, 2011). This can happen through increases N deposition in precipitation (Melillo and Gosz 1983; Thomas et al. 2009). In ...
A Vast Machine - Paul N. Edwards
... shifted since then, in general this consensus holds that some global warming has already occurred, and that human activities are responsible for a substantial part of it. A 2007 assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s most authoritative climate knowledge insti ...
... shifted since then, in general this consensus holds that some global warming has already occurred, and that human activities are responsible for a substantial part of it. A 2007 assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s most authoritative climate knowledge insti ...
When Science and Ideology Collide: Explaining
... insurance program are among the many issues that became more polarized by party and ideology after Democratic and Republican elites took dissimilar positions (Zaller 1992/1994; Berinksy 2007/2009; Levendusky 2009; Lenz 2012; Kriner and Reeves 2012; Tesler 2011). Consistent with those previous findin ...
... insurance program are among the many issues that became more polarized by party and ideology after Democratic and Republican elites took dissimilar positions (Zaller 1992/1994; Berinksy 2007/2009; Levendusky 2009; Lenz 2012; Kriner and Reeves 2012; Tesler 2011). Consistent with those previous findin ...
The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment
... Box 2: Impacts Assessment Sectors Covered in this Summary and Their Main Areas of Focus • Climate Scenarios: changes in future temperature and precipitation for the Pacific Northwest and assessment of subregional climate change using regional climate models • Hydrology and Water Resources: change ...
... Box 2: Impacts Assessment Sectors Covered in this Summary and Their Main Areas of Focus • Climate Scenarios: changes in future temperature and precipitation for the Pacific Northwest and assessment of subregional climate change using regional climate models • Hydrology and Water Resources: change ...
Directive IPPC : quelques remarques
... aerosols, ambient humidity,… The dependence on the chemical composition is very complex and not yet fully understood. However, it could be very schematically summarised as follows : Sulphate aerosols mainly scatter incoming solar radiation back to space [Dickerson, 1997], while they are only weakly ...
... aerosols, ambient humidity,… The dependence on the chemical composition is very complex and not yet fully understood. However, it could be very schematically summarised as follows : Sulphate aerosols mainly scatter incoming solar radiation back to space [Dickerson, 1997], while they are only weakly ...
Lecture13_Atmospheres Part 2_sm
... • As volcanoes dumped CO2 and H2O vapor into atmosphere, greenhouse effect increased temperature above 0 C (freezing) so liquid water could exist." • Two competing effects determined amount of CO2 in atmosphere: volcanoes adding CO2, and rocks absorbing CO2. Result: moderate level of CO2 ." • Gre ...
... • As volcanoes dumped CO2 and H2O vapor into atmosphere, greenhouse effect increased temperature above 0 C (freezing) so liquid water could exist." • Two competing effects determined amount of CO2 in atmosphere: volcanoes adding CO2, and rocks absorbing CO2. Result: moderate level of CO2 ." • Gre ...
Template - FIG Congress 2010
... The global scientific community has a clear consensus view that the earth’s climate system is being impacted by human influence (IPCC, 2013). The average temperature of the Earth has been increasing more than natural climatic cycles would explain. This episode of “global warming” is due to human act ...
... The global scientific community has a clear consensus view that the earth’s climate system is being impacted by human influence (IPCC, 2013). The average temperature of the Earth has been increasing more than natural climatic cycles would explain. This episode of “global warming” is due to human act ...
the whole inaugural address as pdf
... published in Nature (Geden, 2015) in which the author accuses the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – of which I am one of the authors – of possibly having an integrity problem. The question raised is that of whether climate scientists are too much in alignment with policymakers when ...
... published in Nature (Geden, 2015) in which the author accuses the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – of which I am one of the authors – of possibly having an integrity problem. The question raised is that of whether climate scientists are too much in alignment with policymakers when ...
Climate change projections for Greater Manchester
... factors such as volcanic activity, changes in solar output, changes in the Earth’s orbit and oscillations in the climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The difference between these natural cycles and the recent changes in climate we have ...
... factors such as volcanic activity, changes in solar output, changes in the Earth’s orbit and oscillations in the climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The difference between these natural cycles and the recent changes in climate we have ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.