Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services
... In order to evaluate the impact to climate change on ecosystem services we take a reductionist view and examine how each of the biological and ecosystem components feed into services and hence human wellbeing. We examine how each has changed or will most probably change in the very near future. In a ...
... In order to evaluate the impact to climate change on ecosystem services we take a reductionist view and examine how each of the biological and ecosystem components feed into services and hence human wellbeing. We examine how each has changed or will most probably change in the very near future. In a ...
Carbon Majors Factsheet
... have responsibility for their greenhouse gas emissions to date, and therefore a share in a collective responsibility for the damage resulting from climate change now and in the future. Some of them still plan to exploit untapped oil, gas and coal reserves while the living systems of the planet are u ...
... have responsibility for their greenhouse gas emissions to date, and therefore a share in a collective responsibility for the damage resulting from climate change now and in the future. Some of them still plan to exploit untapped oil, gas and coal reserves while the living systems of the planet are u ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change - a summary of impacts in
... biodiversity is not easy, as plants and animals are influenced by other pressures, such as atmospheric pollution and land use, and different factors can work in combination to bring about change. However, changes are beginning to be observed across a range of species and habitats in the UK that have ...
... biodiversity is not easy, as plants and animals are influenced by other pressures, such as atmospheric pollution and land use, and different factors can work in combination to bring about change. However, changes are beginning to be observed across a range of species and habitats in the UK that have ...
Development of GCM Based Climate Scenarios Presentation
... Small changes in extreme events can have a much larger impact than changes in the longterm means ...
... Small changes in extreme events can have a much larger impact than changes in the longterm means ...
The Urgent State of the Earth - Department of Politics and
... In 1997, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol became the first international strategy to regulate human induced greenhouse gas emissions. It was eight years later when the treaty finally entered into force, and now, the Protocol is recognized for its inability to ...
... In 1997, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol became the first international strategy to regulate human induced greenhouse gas emissions. It was eight years later when the treaty finally entered into force, and now, the Protocol is recognized for its inability to ...
Weather and climate: changing human exposures
... climate fluctuations are called forcings. This is short for radiative forcing which can be considered a perturbation in the global radiation (or energy) balance due to internal or external changes in the climate system. Some forcings result from natural events: occasional increases in solar radiatio ...
... climate fluctuations are called forcings. This is short for radiative forcing which can be considered a perturbation in the global radiation (or energy) balance due to internal or external changes in the climate system. Some forcings result from natural events: occasional increases in solar radiatio ...
WHAT PRACTICAL STEPS CAN WE TAKE NOW TO REDUCE …
... Ι Focus on measures which are best placed to be delivered by the agencies developing the strategies. Ι Consider user pricing on the basis of relative levels of CO2, if this will deliver an appreciable reduction in emissions. Ι Adopt policies to support the Government’s initiatives to encourage ...
... Ι Focus on measures which are best placed to be delivered by the agencies developing the strategies. Ι Consider user pricing on the basis of relative levels of CO2, if this will deliver an appreciable reduction in emissions. Ι Adopt policies to support the Government’s initiatives to encourage ...
earth – sun relationships
... correlation between solar emissivity and the concentration of cosmogenic isotopes. Both the concentration of beryllium-ten in ice cores and sediments and the concentration of carbonfourteen in tree rings are thought to be inversely related to emissivity. Measurements of these isotopes allow us to hy ...
... correlation between solar emissivity and the concentration of cosmogenic isotopes. Both the concentration of beryllium-ten in ice cores and sediments and the concentration of carbonfourteen in tree rings are thought to be inversely related to emissivity. Measurements of these isotopes allow us to hy ...
Jo-Ting Huang
... change adaptation (Eisenack and Hoffmann, 2012). • A wider definition benefits should be also considered, including social and environmental costs and benefits, for instance, job creation, institutional adaptive capacity or ecosystem services (UNFCCC, 2011). • First mover advantage addresses that in ...
... change adaptation (Eisenack and Hoffmann, 2012). • A wider definition benefits should be also considered, including social and environmental costs and benefits, for instance, job creation, institutional adaptive capacity or ecosystem services (UNFCCC, 2011). • First mover advantage addresses that in ...
IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WIDER
... information is given on the subject. To illustrate what is thought to be known about temperature change, Figure 2 shows the temperature record for the last 1,000 years (upper panel), and for the last 100 years (lower panel). Although the records are from different sources, they show that Earth's tem ...
... information is given on the subject. To illustrate what is thought to be known about temperature change, Figure 2 shows the temperature record for the last 1,000 years (upper panel), and for the last 100 years (lower panel). Although the records are from different sources, they show that Earth's tem ...
NAFTA and Climate Change - Peterson Institute for International
... between 2008 and 2012 and thus achieve about one-third of Canada’s Kyoto target. It committed C$500 million to a list of measures to reduce emissions, but this spending did not successfully slow the growth in Canada’s GHG emissions. Subsequent plans were likewise unsuccessful, and proposals to enact ...
... between 2008 and 2012 and thus achieve about one-third of Canada’s Kyoto target. It committed C$500 million to a list of measures to reduce emissions, but this spending did not successfully slow the growth in Canada’s GHG emissions. Subsequent plans were likewise unsuccessful, and proposals to enact ...
An e-newsletter of SANSAD South Asian Network for Social
... deemed equitable by the global South and acceptable to the industrial Northern countries. Most of these policy organizations are seeking ways of implementing recommendations made in 2001 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which suggested that to keep the global average temperat ...
... deemed equitable by the global South and acceptable to the industrial Northern countries. Most of these policy organizations are seeking ways of implementing recommendations made in 2001 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which suggested that to keep the global average temperat ...
(2006) Adapting To Climate Change in Developing Countries
... The most vulnerable sectors of society include: • Those dependent on natural resources: especially subsistence farmers dependent on rain-fed crops. • Shanty town dwellers: living on unsuitable land, often unstable and/or flood prone and lacking infrastructure. • Those living in extreme poverty: the ...
... The most vulnerable sectors of society include: • Those dependent on natural resources: especially subsistence farmers dependent on rain-fed crops. • Shanty town dwellers: living on unsuitable land, often unstable and/or flood prone and lacking infrastructure. • Those living in extreme poverty: the ...
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction
... alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing, through fossil fuel burning, clearing forests and other practices that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG)1 in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli ...
... alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing, through fossil fuel burning, clearing forests and other practices that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG)1 in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli ...
Infrastructure in Washington (PDF)
... Range based on data from the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group’s Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project website (http://warm.atmos.washington.edu/2860/) for the A1B greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Greenhouse gas scenarios were developed by climate modeling centers for use in ...
... Range based on data from the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group’s Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project website (http://warm.atmos.washington.edu/2860/) for the A1B greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Greenhouse gas scenarios were developed by climate modeling centers for use in ...
NRDC: Killer Summer Heat - Projected Death Toll from Rising
... that rising temperatures can be projected to produce in the coming decades. In doing so, the authors made several choices that are key to understanding the results presented later in this brief. First, they used a sophisticated climate model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research to devel ...
... that rising temperatures can be projected to produce in the coming decades. In doing so, the authors made several choices that are key to understanding the results presented later in this brief. First, they used a sophisticated climate model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research to devel ...
Climate change effects and Agriculture in Italy: a
... concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere induced by socio-economic development and human activities over time. Concentrations of GHG, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), increased by 70% since 1970. Climate changes (CC), associated to atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases, could alt ...
... concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere induced by socio-economic development and human activities over time. Concentrations of GHG, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), increased by 70% since 1970. Climate changes (CC), associated to atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases, could alt ...
A New Modelfor the American Research
... To understand the quantification problems posed by the structural uncertainties, let us investigate the analysis of uncertainty in a climate model given by the UK Meteorological Office in 2009’s UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) Science Report: Climate Change Projections. In this nearly 200-page docum ...
... To understand the quantification problems posed by the structural uncertainties, let us investigate the analysis of uncertainty in a climate model given by the UK Meteorological Office in 2009’s UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) Science Report: Climate Change Projections. In this nearly 200-page docum ...
By Slowing Population Growth, Family Planning Can Help Address
... family planning services. Meeting the already existing need for modern contraceptive services would contribute to improved health; foster social justice; decrease the need to expand health facilities, schools and jobs; allow couples to invest more in the welfare of each child; and provide the econom ...
... family planning services. Meeting the already existing need for modern contraceptive services would contribute to improved health; foster social justice; decrease the need to expand health facilities, schools and jobs; allow couples to invest more in the welfare of each child; and provide the econom ...
UKCP Paper
... Part 3 – Emulator. Unfortunately this number remains too small to provide a good understanding of the diversity of outcomes. An emulator is therefore built to provide values of x corresponding to values of for which no runs were made. In other words, the emulator ‘fills the gaps’ between the 280 p ...
... Part 3 – Emulator. Unfortunately this number remains too small to provide a good understanding of the diversity of outcomes. An emulator is therefore built to provide values of x corresponding to values of for which no runs were made. In other words, the emulator ‘fills the gaps’ between the 280 p ...
Climate benefits of changing diet
... land-use change and agricultural energy use (Steinfeld et al. 2006). Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) account for a large share of total livestock emissions, because they are less efficient in converting forage into useful products than monogastrics (pigs and poultry). Grazing land for ruminants ...
... land-use change and agricultural energy use (Steinfeld et al. 2006). Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) account for a large share of total livestock emissions, because they are less efficient in converting forage into useful products than monogastrics (pigs and poultry). Grazing land for ruminants ...
Air Pollution and Climate Change - European Commission
... premature deaths in developing countries as well as helping meet climate change mitigation targets. When carbon-based fuels are burned, incomplete combustion causes the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) (aerosols), which include particles that c ...
... premature deaths in developing countries as well as helping meet climate change mitigation targets. When carbon-based fuels are burned, incomplete combustion causes the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) (aerosols), which include particles that c ...
Ch 10 – Climate Change
... relationship, the EPA refused to regulate GHGs (here, carbon dioxide). Last, the Court found redressability since reducing emissions would slow the rate of change of global emissions. Having found that the EPA had the statutory authority to regulate GHG, the Court needed to decide whether the EPA’s ...
... relationship, the EPA refused to regulate GHGs (here, carbon dioxide). Last, the Court found redressability since reducing emissions would slow the rate of change of global emissions. Having found that the EPA had the statutory authority to regulate GHG, the Court needed to decide whether the EPA’s ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.