“icehouse” (cold) climates
... Neoproterozoic glacial marine diamictites are often overlain by laminated cap carbonates that have strongly negative d13C values (e.g., Kauffman et al., 1997; Hoffman et al., 1998, Kennedy et al., 2001). Some cap carbonates contain spectacular aragonite crystal fans that grew rapidly on the sea floo ...
... Neoproterozoic glacial marine diamictites are often overlain by laminated cap carbonates that have strongly negative d13C values (e.g., Kauffman et al., 1997; Hoffman et al., 1998, Kennedy et al., 2001). Some cap carbonates contain spectacular aragonite crystal fans that grew rapidly on the sea floo ...
Choice, Not Control: Why Limiting the Fertility of Poor Populations
... brokered on behalf of foreign governments or transnational corporations.19 A recent study found that these ‘land grabs’ often occur in countries with high levels of under nutrition and population growth, and that their populations could be free from hunger if the land were used to feed them.20 ...
... brokered on behalf of foreign governments or transnational corporations.19 A recent study found that these ‘land grabs’ often occur in countries with high levels of under nutrition and population growth, and that their populations could be free from hunger if the land were used to feed them.20 ...
Revisiting the Earth`s sea‐level and energy budgets from 1961
... material), and estimated for unmeasured areas outside of the U.S.A. by correlations with global pumpage estimates.1 In the U.S.A., total groundwater withdrawals in 2000 were 115 km3 [Hutson et al., 2004], and the total depletion that year was 17.7 km3, or 15.4% of withdrawals. The total global withd ...
... material), and estimated for unmeasured areas outside of the U.S.A. by correlations with global pumpage estimates.1 In the U.S.A., total groundwater withdrawals in 2000 were 115 km3 [Hutson et al., 2004], and the total depletion that year was 17.7 km3, or 15.4% of withdrawals. The total global withd ...
Climate change in cities due to global warming and urban
... emissions contributing to greenhouse gas forced climate change [Grimmond, 2007]. The associated waste heat released to the environment in cities is a well documented driver of urban micro‐climates. Averaged globally anthropogenic waste heat is of order 0.03Wm−2, and has generally been ignored as a c ...
... emissions contributing to greenhouse gas forced climate change [Grimmond, 2007]. The associated waste heat released to the environment in cities is a well documented driver of urban micro‐climates. Averaged globally anthropogenic waste heat is of order 0.03Wm−2, and has generally been ignored as a c ...
PPT
... OZONE IS STRONGEST IN ARCTIC WINTER particularly sensitive region for recovery of ozone layer! GCM temperature change in lower stratosphere in DJF (oC) from increasing tropospheric ozone over 20th century ...
... OZONE IS STRONGEST IN ARCTIC WINTER particularly sensitive region for recovery of ozone layer! GCM temperature change in lower stratosphere in DJF (oC) from increasing tropospheric ozone over 20th century ...
Presentation - 15th TRB National Transportation Planning
... “There is consistent evidence that people’s willingness to take specific environmentally-helpful actions or support specific proenvironmental policies declines as the amount of sacrifice connected to the action or policy increases.” “A study of Americans also found that people were much more likely ...
... “There is consistent evidence that people’s willingness to take specific environmentally-helpful actions or support specific proenvironmental policies declines as the amount of sacrifice connected to the action or policy increases.” “A study of Americans also found that people were much more likely ...
CLIMATE IMPACTS ON TOURISM IN SPAIN
... Table 1 presents some midsummer (July & August) climatic characteristics of six Spanish observing sites for the most recent 30-year period (1982-2011). July and August were chosen because it is the high season in tourism. According to Eugenio-Martin and Campos-Soria (2010) Pt = 60mm and Pd = 10 are ...
... Table 1 presents some midsummer (July & August) climatic characteristics of six Spanish observing sites for the most recent 30-year period (1982-2011). July and August were chosen because it is the high season in tourism. According to Eugenio-Martin and Campos-Soria (2010) Pt = 60mm and Pd = 10 are ...
Climate change economic growth and health
... thus chooses its policy instruments optimally), taking into account its own specific geographical and economic characteristics and its own regional damages from CO2 and aerosols. The four regions are connected to each other only through the accumulation of CO2 in the global atmosphere. Hence, more C ...
... thus chooses its policy instruments optimally), taking into account its own specific geographical and economic characteristics and its own regional damages from CO2 and aerosols. The four regions are connected to each other only through the accumulation of CO2 in the global atmosphere. Hence, more C ...
How do the effects of SAE and CO 2 reduction
... By scattering incoming solar radiation in a way very different to Rayleigh scattering, aerosols in the stratosphere would whiten the sky. Planning simulations with MYSTIC radiative transfer model. Psychological impact of no ...
... By scattering incoming solar radiation in a way very different to Rayleigh scattering, aerosols in the stratosphere would whiten the sky. Planning simulations with MYSTIC radiative transfer model. Psychological impact of no ...
global warming and phanerozoic climate change
... Source 0f diagram: L. McInnes, 2007. In: Wikipedia: Solar Variations Thick lines for temperature and sunspots: 25 year moving average smoothing of raw data. ...
... Source 0f diagram: L. McInnes, 2007. In: Wikipedia: Solar Variations Thick lines for temperature and sunspots: 25 year moving average smoothing of raw data. ...
Climate Change Awareness and Its Effects on Crop Output in
... Climate describes the characteristic conditions of the earth’s lower surface atmosphere of a specific location while climate change is defined as the long term changes in average weather conditions. Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate because crop yield depend on whether conditions; both crop ...
... Climate describes the characteristic conditions of the earth’s lower surface atmosphere of a specific location while climate change is defined as the long term changes in average weather conditions. Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate because crop yield depend on whether conditions; both crop ...
climate change studies in mongolia
... well as one of the grazing criteria for winter pasture, it takes a lot of time to collect data and process the data into electronic form. We analyzed the snow cover in last year study and in the fist half of these year we studied the snow depth. As a result of increased winter precipitation snow dep ...
... well as one of the grazing criteria for winter pasture, it takes a lot of time to collect data and process the data into electronic form. We analyzed the snow cover in last year study and in the fist half of these year we studied the snow depth. As a result of increased winter precipitation snow dep ...
Extreme Events - International Research Institute for Climate and
... cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5 (1): 64-85. Groisman, PY, WE Knight and TR Karl, 2001. Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century. Journal of Climate, 82 (2 ...
... cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5 (1): 64-85. Groisman, PY, WE Knight and TR Karl, 2001. Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century. Journal of Climate, 82 (2 ...
Trend and Change Analysis of Monthly and Seasonal Temperature
... last hundred years. Global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.74°C during the last century [1]. Increasing temperature and changing patterns of precipitation, are among the many consequences, which are attributed to climate change. Regional variations can be much wider, and considerable ...
... last hundred years. Global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.74°C during the last century [1]. Increasing temperature and changing patterns of precipitation, are among the many consequences, which are attributed to climate change. Regional variations can be much wider, and considerable ...
Beyond Kyoto: A tax-based system for the global reduction of
... of tax reductions are not related to the amount of carbon that an individual or firm emits, then these other tax refunds will not erode the incentive properties of the pollution tax. In contrast, all the tax revenue raised within a developing country would stay within the developing country and coul ...
... of tax reductions are not related to the amount of carbon that an individual or firm emits, then these other tax refunds will not erode the incentive properties of the pollution tax. In contrast, all the tax revenue raised within a developing country would stay within the developing country and coul ...
Projections of precipitation, air temperature and potential
... rainfall causing floods has increased. Shongwe van Oldenborgh and Aalst (2009) report that their analysis of data from the international Disaster Database (EM-DAT shows that there has been an increase in the number of reported hydrometeorological disasters in the region, from an average of less than ...
... rainfall causing floods has increased. Shongwe van Oldenborgh and Aalst (2009) report that their analysis of data from the international Disaster Database (EM-DAT shows that there has been an increase in the number of reported hydrometeorological disasters in the region, from an average of less than ...
Lesson 3 - Climate Classroom
... while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next week. Weather is a prediction based on a variety of data collected in a variety of ways from ground stations to radars ...
... while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next week. Weather is a prediction based on a variety of data collected in a variety of ways from ground stations to radars ...
Climate Change Class at Osher Lifelong Learning
... No one can yet say for certain what increase in global-average surface temperature above the 1750 value is “too much,” in the sense that the consequences become truly unmanageable. In our judgment and that of a growing number of other analysts and groups, however, increases beyond 2°C to 2.5°C above ...
... No one can yet say for certain what increase in global-average surface temperature above the 1750 value is “too much,” in the sense that the consequences become truly unmanageable. In our judgment and that of a growing number of other analysts and groups, however, increases beyond 2°C to 2.5°C above ...
A Climate in Crisis: How climate change is making drought and
... system means that even if emissions are cut dramatically today, further increases in temperatures are still inevitable. ...
... system means that even if emissions are cut dramatically today, further increases in temperatures are still inevitable. ...
Climate Change and Global Health: What are the Governance
... mortality from heat waves and storm disasters, to increases in climatesensitive vectorborne and waterborne diseases, air pollution-related illnesses, malnutrition, and mental health disorders. Some of the indirect effects on public health infrastructure, food prices and available water or natural re ...
... mortality from heat waves and storm disasters, to increases in climatesensitive vectorborne and waterborne diseases, air pollution-related illnesses, malnutrition, and mental health disorders. Some of the indirect effects on public health infrastructure, food prices and available water or natural re ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.