Session 2: who is responsible?
... than its territorial-based emissions, whereas China’s consumption CO2 emissions per person is less than its territorial-based emissions. Explain that many of the things we consume in the UK are imported from other countries. However China exports many of the things it produces to other countries. As ...
... than its territorial-based emissions, whereas China’s consumption CO2 emissions per person is less than its territorial-based emissions. Explain that many of the things we consume in the UK are imported from other countries. However China exports many of the things it produces to other countries. As ...
Full text (pdf format) - Boreal Environment Research
... However, it is important to point out some of the limitations of the chosen approach. Indices used in this study are based on knowledge on the behavior of fruit trees, and more generally on woody plants. Indices are not relevant to some other horticultural crops, mainly herbs and grasses which behav ...
... However, it is important to point out some of the limitations of the chosen approach. Indices used in this study are based on knowledge on the behavior of fruit trees, and more generally on woody plants. Indices are not relevant to some other horticultural crops, mainly herbs and grasses which behav ...
main factors influencing climate change: a review
... is caused by human activity and the increasing greenhouse gases – particularly CO2 . Others argue that the Earth’s climate depends on the influence of natural astronomical, physical and geodynamic factors among which the complex solar impact on climate stands out as well as the impact of changes in ...
... is caused by human activity and the increasing greenhouse gases – particularly CO2 . Others argue that the Earth’s climate depends on the influence of natural astronomical, physical and geodynamic factors among which the complex solar impact on climate stands out as well as the impact of changes in ...
2. Data and Methodology
... change rates were obviously different and the simulated values were greater than the observed. KS ...
... change rates were obviously different and the simulated values were greater than the observed. KS ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
PDF
... important to stress that the science of climate change was running years ahead of the economics (something that arguably remains the case today in understanding the impacts of climate change).” A well-established fact in the science of climate change is that when the climate cools or warms, high lat ...
... important to stress that the science of climate change was running years ahead of the economics (something that arguably remains the case today in understanding the impacts of climate change).” A well-established fact in the science of climate change is that when the climate cools or warms, high lat ...
Climate Change Threatens Penguins
... Antarctica, global climate change is also having significant impacts. In the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, ocean warming and the melting of sea-ice are linked to the decline of the penguins’ major food supply—Antarctic krill. Krill in this region have declined by as much as 80% since the 197 ...
... Antarctica, global climate change is also having significant impacts. In the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, ocean warming and the melting of sea-ice are linked to the decline of the penguins’ major food supply—Antarctic krill. Krill in this region have declined by as much as 80% since the 197 ...
Chapter 2 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Latent heat subsequently released when water vapor condenses into clouds. Wherever there is precipitation, latent heat remains in atmosphere. Cloud formation is most often associated with overturning motions, known as moist convection transfers heat through a deep layer. Overall effect con ...
... Latent heat subsequently released when water vapor condenses into clouds. Wherever there is precipitation, latent heat remains in atmosphere. Cloud formation is most often associated with overturning motions, known as moist convection transfers heat through a deep layer. Overall effect con ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
... phenomenon known as Arctic amplification). Since 1979, the beginning of the reliable satellite record, Arctic summer sea-ice extent has decreased by order 12% per decade, with smaller reductions in winter. Coupled models suggest that under greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced warming, the Arctic will warm t ...
The International Climate Change Negotiations
... gas emissions, while the United States, Japan and the Soviet Union voiced skepticism. In Noordwijk, European states were successful in including an emissions stabilization target, but American, Japanese and Soviet opposition prevented the inclusion of any timetable for achieving that target. Instead ...
... gas emissions, while the United States, Japan and the Soviet Union voiced skepticism. In Noordwijk, European states were successful in including an emissions stabilization target, but American, Japanese and Soviet opposition prevented the inclusion of any timetable for achieving that target. Instead ...
PDF
... competition for light and nutrients increases. However, if felling occurred, one would expect a negative flux of carbon for several years, before re-growth of the second rotation began to take up significant quantities of carbon. Anthropogenic climate change: Climate change caused by increase in the ...
... competition for light and nutrients increases. However, if felling occurred, one would expect a negative flux of carbon for several years, before re-growth of the second rotation began to take up significant quantities of carbon. Anthropogenic climate change: Climate change caused by increase in the ...
CLIMATE CHANGE FORUM: Favouring a green economy and sustainable urban development
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
- EERA Network 3
... content of lessons related to climate change within chemistry education. Findings showed that, nearly all of the teachers said that climate change is part of their current curriculum and it should be within the formal education. However, there was not any consensus about allocation of the topic of c ...
... content of lessons related to climate change within chemistry education. Findings showed that, nearly all of the teachers said that climate change is part of their current curriculum and it should be within the formal education. However, there was not any consensus about allocation of the topic of c ...
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... past 20 years. Convergent results are showing that climate change will fundamentally alter global food production patterns. Crop productivity impacts are expected to be negative in lowlatitude and tropical regions but somewhat positive in high-latitude regions. Adverse climate impacts on health, inc ...
... past 20 years. Convergent results are showing that climate change will fundamentally alter global food production patterns. Crop productivity impacts are expected to be negative in lowlatitude and tropical regions but somewhat positive in high-latitude regions. Adverse climate impacts on health, inc ...
Global collapse—Fact or fiction? Futures
... whether the current global economy exceeds the carrying capacity of planet Earth. In other words, this effort has focused on whether current rates of resource use and environmental destruction can be sustained for long periods of time. Heroic attempts have been made to quantify the answer. The leadi ...
... whether the current global economy exceeds the carrying capacity of planet Earth. In other words, this effort has focused on whether current rates of resource use and environmental destruction can be sustained for long periods of time. Heroic attempts have been made to quantify the answer. The leadi ...
Chapter Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for
... period 2000 to 2010 (high confidence) (Figure SPM.2). Globally, economic and population growth continued to be the most important drivers of increases in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The contribution of population growth between 2000 and 2010 remained roughly identical to the previous ...
... period 2000 to 2010 (high confidence) (Figure SPM.2). Globally, economic and population growth continued to be the most important drivers of increases in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The contribution of population growth between 2000 and 2010 remained roughly identical to the previous ...
Chapter 4 – Climate and Climate Change
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
Understanding the variability of the El
... ecological damage and human health issues. Although scientists now understand the basic mechanisms behind the ENSO cycle fairly well, some major questions remain, such as why some ENSO events are much stronger than others and how ENSO will be affected by future climate change. Considerable uncertain ...
... ecological damage and human health issues. Although scientists now understand the basic mechanisms behind the ENSO cycle fairly well, some major questions remain, such as why some ENSO events are much stronger than others and how ENSO will be affected by future climate change. Considerable uncertain ...
In Brief: Meaningful and Cost Effective Climate Policy:
... market-based policy instruments targeting greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, because no other approach can do the job and do it at acceptable cost. By “putting a price on carbon,” market-based polices harness the power of our free enterprise system to reduce pollution at the lowest costs. Recent conce ...
... market-based policy instruments targeting greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, because no other approach can do the job and do it at acceptable cost. By “putting a price on carbon,” market-based polices harness the power of our free enterprise system to reduce pollution at the lowest costs. Recent conce ...
GMT Description - Eionet Forum
... environmental governance on total and specific pollutant levels thus uncertain. At the global level, possible agreements on climate change can lead to a decline in pollution, notably NOx and other forms of air pollution emissions. At regional level, the development of agreements in areas such as tra ...
... environmental governance on total and specific pollutant levels thus uncertain. At the global level, possible agreements on climate change can lead to a decline in pollution, notably NOx and other forms of air pollution emissions. At regional level, the development of agreements in areas such as tra ...
Guadalajara ICT declaration for transformative low
... Although Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) contribute approx 2% of global carbon emissions, they play an important role in providing solutions that enable other industry sectors to reduce the remaining 98% of global carbon emissions.1 Studies clearly show that more effective use of I ...
... Although Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) contribute approx 2% of global carbon emissions, they play an important role in providing solutions that enable other industry sectors to reduce the remaining 98% of global carbon emissions.1 Studies clearly show that more effective use of I ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.