Ocean acidification: causes, impacts and solutions
... end of the pH scale, similar to the way we describe an increase in temperature from -20°C to -0°C (-4°F to 32°F): it’s still cold, but we say it’s “warming.” OA is also changing seawater carbonate chemistry. The concentrations of dissolved CO2, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate ions are increasing, and ...
... end of the pH scale, similar to the way we describe an increase in temperature from -20°C to -0°C (-4°F to 32°F): it’s still cold, but we say it’s “warming.” OA is also changing seawater carbonate chemistry. The concentrations of dissolved CO2, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate ions are increasing, and ...
executive summary - Global Environment Facility
... Vulnerability is defined by the IPCC as “ the extent to which climate change may damage or harm a system. It depends not only on a system’s sensitivity but also on its ability to adapt to new climatic conditions”(IPCC, 1995). Vulnerability to climate change can therefore be seen as a complex mixture ...
... Vulnerability is defined by the IPCC as “ the extent to which climate change may damage or harm a system. It depends not only on a system’s sensitivity but also on its ability to adapt to new climatic conditions”(IPCC, 1995). Vulnerability to climate change can therefore be seen as a complex mixture ...
Climate change - Description
... France began its ecological and energy transition with the goal of substantially reducing its carbon emissions. The nation’s per capita emissions of greenhouse gases are already among the lowest in the industrialized world. France also works closely with developing countries to encourage the transit ...
... France began its ecological and energy transition with the goal of substantially reducing its carbon emissions. The nation’s per capita emissions of greenhouse gases are already among the lowest in the industrialized world. France also works closely with developing countries to encourage the transit ...
AgriculturAl reseArch in 21st century: chAllenges fAcing the food
... the food security under the impacts of climate change. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 801-818 During the recent decades, global climate change recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world – its people, the environment and its economies. Agriculture will face significant challenges in ...
... the food security under the impacts of climate change. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 801-818 During the recent decades, global climate change recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world – its people, the environment and its economies. Agriculture will face significant challenges in ...
File - Mrs. Mongeon Science
... Climate change is a broader term (more factors than just temperature) Global warming refers to an increase in Earth’s average temperature (only on aspect of climate change in general) ...
... Climate change is a broader term (more factors than just temperature) Global warming refers to an increase in Earth’s average temperature (only on aspect of climate change in general) ...
Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface
... were significant in most of the study area (Fig. 3F) with an average of 0.33 °C decade1 (Fig. 3E). A much decreased, non-significant summer warming was observed in the upwelling areas of Yucatan and the southern Caribbean Sea, as well as in the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela) and the eastern Florida shelf ...
... were significant in most of the study area (Fig. 3F) with an average of 0.33 °C decade1 (Fig. 3E). A much decreased, non-significant summer warming was observed in the upwelling areas of Yucatan and the southern Caribbean Sea, as well as in the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela) and the eastern Florida shelf ...
Finland is implementing the Kyoto Protocol
... the Kyoto Protocol Climate change mitigation is one of the top environmental policy priorities in Finland. Finland is actively working towards fulfilling its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Finland ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and the Kyot ...
... the Kyoto Protocol Climate change mitigation is one of the top environmental policy priorities in Finland. Finland is actively working towards fulfilling its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Finland ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and the Kyot ...
Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge
... •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g., twenty minutes for the atmosphere, hour for ocean). •equations ...
... •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g., twenty minutes for the atmosphere, hour for ocean). •equations ...
Novel Approaches to Study Climate Change Effects on Terrestrial
... (Tmax), primarily because of increased cloudiness (IPCC 1995). The increased minimum rather than average temperatures have been shown important for the effects (Alward and others 1999). This increase in global temperature has co-occurred with elevated atmospheric CO2 (Watson and others 1991; Luxmoor ...
... (Tmax), primarily because of increased cloudiness (IPCC 1995). The increased minimum rather than average temperatures have been shown important for the effects (Alward and others 1999). This increase in global temperature has co-occurred with elevated atmospheric CO2 (Watson and others 1991; Luxmoor ...
1. Active engagement
... unique opportunity to highlight the leading role and dynamism of local authorities as well as their many significant and concrete achievements in regions, such as the actions taken in Bordeaux to renovate buildings for greater energy efficiency, and even the extensive development of public transport ...
... unique opportunity to highlight the leading role and dynamism of local authorities as well as their many significant and concrete achievements in regions, such as the actions taken in Bordeaux to renovate buildings for greater energy efficiency, and even the extensive development of public transport ...
PPTX - Global Carbon Project
... Global land-use change emissions are estimated 3.3 ± 1.8 GtCO2 during 2004–2013 The data suggests a general decrease in emissions since 1990 ...
... Global land-use change emissions are estimated 3.3 ± 1.8 GtCO2 during 2004–2013 The data suggests a general decrease in emissions since 1990 ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... base-line case assumes that the UK cement market is largely domestic, which is why a ‘competition’ scenario was also modelled, largely on the situation in Spain, assuming 30 percent non-EU imports. ** The ...
... base-line case assumes that the UK cement market is largely domestic, which is why a ‘competition’ scenario was also modelled, largely on the situation in Spain, assuming 30 percent non-EU imports. ** The ...
EUROSION_Climate Change and Coastal and Beach Management
... tourism, agriculture, transportation and the delivery of health, fresh water, food and other essential services. In common with many parts of the equatorial and tropical world, human health is also impacted by climate change. For example, diarrhoea will increase with increases in temperature and det ...
... tourism, agriculture, transportation and the delivery of health, fresh water, food and other essential services. In common with many parts of the equatorial and tropical world, human health is also impacted by climate change. For example, diarrhoea will increase with increases in temperature and det ...
About the World Environment Organization
... ABSTRACT The climate regime is the more comprehensive and ambitious of all environmental regimes, linking in a very direct way one the most crucial economic issue, the use of energy and energy efficiency with the strongest environmental threaten. Climate change is closely related to sustainability b ...
... ABSTRACT The climate regime is the more comprehensive and ambitious of all environmental regimes, linking in a very direct way one the most crucial economic issue, the use of energy and energy efficiency with the strongest environmental threaten. Climate change is closely related to sustainability b ...
Document
... Norway, Statoil & the Tar Sands Norway’s leadership on climate creates high expectations for StatoilHydro Does Norway’s carbon neutral target cover all state-owned operations? Does government ownership create extra capacity and flexibility for leadership? ...
... Norway, Statoil & the Tar Sands Norway’s leadership on climate creates high expectations for StatoilHydro Does Norway’s carbon neutral target cover all state-owned operations? Does government ownership create extra capacity and flexibility for leadership? ...
front cover
... Moreover, there is no alternative explanation for the observed warming. Solar cycles have contributed on average less than 10 per cent in the past decades whereas volcanic eruptions and other known natural influences on global climate have been having a cooling influence since 1970 – the period of ...
... Moreover, there is no alternative explanation for the observed warming. Solar cycles have contributed on average less than 10 per cent in the past decades whereas volcanic eruptions and other known natural influences on global climate have been having a cooling influence since 1970 – the period of ...
Capstone ESS Unit 4: Human Activity and Climate System Unit Summary
... intensity and distribution of sunlight falling on the Earth. These phenomena cause a cycle of ice ages and other gradual climate changes. Students conduct research to locate and analyze data sets showing these phenomena. In order to determine how changes in the atmosphere due to human activity have ...
... intensity and distribution of sunlight falling on the Earth. These phenomena cause a cycle of ice ages and other gradual climate changes. Students conduct research to locate and analyze data sets showing these phenomena. In order to determine how changes in the atmosphere due to human activity have ...
Ideological cultures and media discourses on
... 2. Science, ideology and the media Studies of the relation of science and the media were for long dominated by a “transmissional” notion of communication. The “canonical view,” typically conceptualizing science communication as “popularization,” was centered on issues of quantity and rigor: how much ...
... 2. Science, ideology and the media Studies of the relation of science and the media were for long dominated by a “transmissional” notion of communication. The “canonical view,” typically conceptualizing science communication as “popularization,” was centered on issues of quantity and rigor: how much ...
Impact of Climate Change on Transportation Funding Paper
... are expected to produce a more clear-cut reduction in GHG emissions. They are not yet commercially available because enzymes are needed to break down the woody material into fuel, and these enzymes are not yet available on a commercially viable scale. Reducing Growth in VMT There is much interest in ...
... are expected to produce a more clear-cut reduction in GHG emissions. They are not yet commercially available because enzymes are needed to break down the woody material into fuel, and these enzymes are not yet available on a commercially viable scale. Reducing Growth in VMT There is much interest in ...
The Economics of Climate Change in East Asia
... The views expressed in this document are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document, and accept no ...
... The views expressed in this document are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document, and accept no ...
The Reinforced Strategy for Europe
... adaptation in their area of jurisdiction, both for the corporate area or for community-related activities, addressing all sectors. The Reinforced Strategy recognises and respects the local government democratic decision-making process, to set its own targets. However, there is also a need for an inc ...
... adaptation in their area of jurisdiction, both for the corporate area or for community-related activities, addressing all sectors. The Reinforced Strategy recognises and respects the local government democratic decision-making process, to set its own targets. However, there is also a need for an inc ...
Climate change in the Sahel
... scenarios, despite its marginal contribution to GHG emissions. The IPCC (2007) confirms these perspectives on the continent. In the 21st century, global warming will be greatest in Africa than in the rest of the world. The rise in average temperatures between 1980/99 and 2080/99 will range between 3 ...
... scenarios, despite its marginal contribution to GHG emissions. The IPCC (2007) confirms these perspectives on the continent. In the 21st century, global warming will be greatest in Africa than in the rest of the world. The rise in average temperatures between 1980/99 and 2080/99 will range between 3 ...
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of
... Urges Annex I Parties to raise the level of ambition of the emission reductions to be achieved by them individually or jointly, with a view to reducing their aggregate level of emissions of greenhouse gases in accordance with the range indicated by Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report o ...
... Urges Annex I Parties to raise the level of ambition of the emission reductions to be achieved by them individually or jointly, with a view to reducing their aggregate level of emissions of greenhouse gases in accordance with the range indicated by Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report o ...
Role of Ocean in Global Warming - J
... ocean-covered area is relatively large. Based upon the study, they conjectured that the response of surface temperature in the Southern Hemisphere should be delayed as compared to that in the Northern Hemisphere because of the inter-hemispheric difference in the fraction of the area covered by ocean ...
... ocean-covered area is relatively large. Based upon the study, they conjectured that the response of surface temperature in the Southern Hemisphere should be delayed as compared to that in the Northern Hemisphere because of the inter-hemispheric difference in the fraction of the area covered by ocean ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.