NotesWed
... 1. Climate Program Office, NOAA/UCAR , Silver Spring, MD, United States. 2. Geosciences Directorate , National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States. Over the 21st century, climate scientists expect Earth's temperature to continue increasing, very likely more than it did during the 20th c ...
... 1. Climate Program Office, NOAA/UCAR , Silver Spring, MD, United States. 2. Geosciences Directorate , National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States. Over the 21st century, climate scientists expect Earth's temperature to continue increasing, very likely more than it did during the 20th c ...
Cap and Trade or a Carbon Tax? How to Reduce CO Emissions
... fields relevant to the study of this. And over the last 20 years they have produced ...
... fields relevant to the study of this. And over the last 20 years they have produced ...
Nonstate Actors in the Climate Arena
... 800,000 years (Freedman 2013). With some climate change now inevitable, concern has shifted to containing the expected increase and minimizing the consequences. Political leaders have previously committed to restraining global temperatures to no more than a 2 degrees Celsius increase above pre-indus ...
... 800,000 years (Freedman 2013). With some climate change now inevitable, concern has shifted to containing the expected increase and minimizing the consequences. Political leaders have previously committed to restraining global temperatures to no more than a 2 degrees Celsius increase above pre-indus ...
Support for businesses
... supplies and extreme weather disasters could produce a humanitarian crisis. The knock-on effect of economic depression abroad, food scarcity and environmental refugees could also significantly impact upon our lives in the UK. Climate change will be felt directly at home, too. Here in Gloucestershire ...
... supplies and extreme weather disasters could produce a humanitarian crisis. The knock-on effect of economic depression abroad, food scarcity and environmental refugees could also significantly impact upon our lives in the UK. Climate change will be felt directly at home, too. Here in Gloucestershire ...
Global warming and changes in drought
... potential evapotranspiration (PET) that is directly related to the increase in surface heating. This will likely result in an increase in actual evaporation, or evapotranspiration in plants, only if adequate ...
... potential evapotranspiration (PET) that is directly related to the increase in surface heating. This will likely result in an increase in actual evaporation, or evapotranspiration in plants, only if adequate ...
Annex 3: Strengths and weaknesses of climate models
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
Rapid Climate Change Science Plan
... Studies of past climate suggest that large and rapid (as fast as 10-20 years) changes have occurred and that changes in the ocean’s thermohaline circulation (THC) are often a major factor. Modelling studies show that the THC and the heat that it transports northward in the Atlantic produces a substa ...
... Studies of past climate suggest that large and rapid (as fast as 10-20 years) changes have occurred and that changes in the ocean’s thermohaline circulation (THC) are often a major factor. Modelling studies show that the THC and the heat that it transports northward in the Atlantic produces a substa ...
colorado - Center for Integrative Environmental Research
... changes could be more pronounced if global emissions of greenhouse gases are not reduced. Tourism, forestry, water resources and human health may be affected in a variety of ways and could result in more than $1 billion in losses. Since state economies are directly linked to the economies of neighbo ...
... changes could be more pronounced if global emissions of greenhouse gases are not reduced. Tourism, forestry, water resources and human health may be affected in a variety of ways and could result in more than $1 billion in losses. Since state economies are directly linked to the economies of neighbo ...
The Optimal and Equitable Climate Finance Gap.
... climate mitigation effort, measured as mitigation costs as a share of GDP, were to be divided equally across regions. We find these to be larger than both current and planned international climate finance flows. Four out of six models imply that a North-South annual financial transfer of around US$ ...
... climate mitigation effort, measured as mitigation costs as a share of GDP, were to be divided equally across regions. We find these to be larger than both current and planned international climate finance flows. Four out of six models imply that a North-South annual financial transfer of around US$ ...
Vol.5, No.2, 2005
... and the vertical wind shear decreases compared to the present-day runs. Fewer tropical cyclones formed in most other regions of the western North Pacific, a result consistent with lower relative humidity, higher stability and vertical shear found in the warm-climate simulation over these areas. The r ...
... and the vertical wind shear decreases compared to the present-day runs. Fewer tropical cyclones formed in most other regions of the western North Pacific, a result consistent with lower relative humidity, higher stability and vertical shear found in the warm-climate simulation over these areas. The r ...
3rd Quarter 2010 | 25(3) Climate Change, Markets, and Technology
... California, the main production region in the state. Agricultural commodities in California are collapsed into 12 representative crop groups: alfalfa, citrus, corn, cotton, field crops, grains, grapes, orchards, pasture, sugar beet, tomato, and truck crops. California Agriculture from 2005 to 2050: ...
... California, the main production region in the state. Agricultural commodities in California are collapsed into 12 representative crop groups: alfalfa, citrus, corn, cotton, field crops, grains, grapes, orchards, pasture, sugar beet, tomato, and truck crops. California Agriculture from 2005 to 2050: ...
space and climate change
... in diverse regions of the globe. Satellite observations differ from ground-based and airborne measurements, which are generally more limited in spatial coverage, but nevertheless are vital to enhance and validate information derived from space. The GCOS satellite requirements were developed in colla ...
... in diverse regions of the globe. Satellite observations differ from ground-based and airborne measurements, which are generally more limited in spatial coverage, but nevertheless are vital to enhance and validate information derived from space. The GCOS satellite requirements were developed in colla ...
G20 Climate Finance Study Group Progress report to G20 Leaders I
... been framed around 5 different sessions, which allowed for an extensive amount of time for discussion amongst participants: economic instruments and carbon pricing, tracking of climate finance for an effective mobilization, climate finance mechanisms, mobilizing private climate finance and stock-tak ...
... been framed around 5 different sessions, which allowed for an extensive amount of time for discussion amongst participants: economic instruments and carbon pricing, tracking of climate finance for an effective mobilization, climate finance mechanisms, mobilizing private climate finance and stock-tak ...
PDF
... California, the main production region in the state. Agricultural commodities in California are collapsed into 12 representative crop groups: alfalfa, citrus, corn, cotton, field crops, grains, grapes, orchards, pasture, sugar beet, tomato, and truck crops. California Agriculture from 2005 to 2050: ...
... California, the main production region in the state. Agricultural commodities in California are collapsed into 12 representative crop groups: alfalfa, citrus, corn, cotton, field crops, grains, grapes, orchards, pasture, sugar beet, tomato, and truck crops. California Agriculture from 2005 to 2050: ...
The Not-So-Green Habits of Hollywood Gasbags
... But DiCaprio is absolutely just talking the talk. Despite making a big deal out of flying commercial, DiCaprio took a private plane to the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. While there, he stayed on the 470-foot yacht of Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahayan — the chair of Abu Dhabi’s International Petroleum ...
... But DiCaprio is absolutely just talking the talk. Despite making a big deal out of flying commercial, DiCaprio took a private plane to the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. While there, he stayed on the 470-foot yacht of Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahayan — the chair of Abu Dhabi’s International Petroleum ...
‘Ye Olde Hot Aire’*: reporting on human tabloid press
... Third, the ‘Stern Review’ was released at the end of October and this generated intense media coverage in the weeks that followed, through the Twelfth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Nairobi. Connections were made between the report a ...
... Third, the ‘Stern Review’ was released at the end of October and this generated intense media coverage in the weeks that followed, through the Twelfth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Nairobi. Connections were made between the report a ...
PDF
... highlands may suffer from more intense and irregular rainfall, leading to erosion, which together with higher temperatures leads to lower total agricultural production. This, combined with an increasing population, may lead to greater food insecurity in some areas. Hotspots of increased food insecur ...
... highlands may suffer from more intense and irregular rainfall, leading to erosion, which together with higher temperatures leads to lower total agricultural production. This, combined with an increasing population, may lead to greater food insecurity in some areas. Hotspots of increased food insecur ...
Addressing climate change in Latin America and the
... global importance. Despite the region’s relatively small contribution to global warming, its natural environments and resource-dependent economies are threatened by the impact of climate change, and poor and marginalized rural communities are at greatest risk. Rising temperatures and declining preci ...
... global importance. Despite the region’s relatively small contribution to global warming, its natural environments and resource-dependent economies are threatened by the impact of climate change, and poor and marginalized rural communities are at greatest risk. Rising temperatures and declining preci ...
Phenology as a management tool to forecast climate
... Phenology is a key aspect of nearly all ecological phenomena and processes and many management decisions. Moreover, shifts in phenology are among the most sensitive and important biological responses to climate change (IPCC 2007, Field et al. 2008). Importantly, climate-driven changes in the timing ...
... Phenology is a key aspect of nearly all ecological phenomena and processes and many management decisions. Moreover, shifts in phenology are among the most sensitive and important biological responses to climate change (IPCC 2007, Field et al. 2008). Importantly, climate-driven changes in the timing ...
Leveraged Funds: Section one (opens in new window)
... abatement would be around US$80-120bn per year over the same period across key sectors such as energy, transport, agriculture and so on, with a major role being played by the carbon market.5 Other estimates confirm the scale of the required additional capital requirements: the UNFCCC6 estimated that ...
... abatement would be around US$80-120bn per year over the same period across key sectors such as energy, transport, agriculture and so on, with a major role being played by the carbon market.5 Other estimates confirm the scale of the required additional capital requirements: the UNFCCC6 estimated that ...
Climate4you update October 2011
... the thick line indicate a simple running average, in most cases a simple moving 37-month average, nearly corresponding to a three year average. The 37-month average is calculated from values covering a range from 18 month before to 18 months after, with equal weight for every month. The year 1979 ha ...
... the thick line indicate a simple running average, in most cases a simple moving 37-month average, nearly corresponding to a three year average. The 37-month average is calculated from values covering a range from 18 month before to 18 months after, with equal weight for every month. The year 1979 ha ...
The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we`re
... Other U.S. scientific groups agree. In February 2003, the American Meteorological Society adopted the following statement on climate change: “There is now clear evidence that the mean annual temperature at the Earth’s surface, averaged over the entire globe, has been increasing in the past 200 years ...
... Other U.S. scientific groups agree. In February 2003, the American Meteorological Society adopted the following statement on climate change: “There is now clear evidence that the mean annual temperature at the Earth’s surface, averaged over the entire globe, has been increasing in the past 200 years ...
Research Project Final Report
... The five OSPAR regions cover the north-eastern North Atlantic (east of Cape Farewell and north of Gibraltar) and its extended system into the shelves, high latitudes and Arctic. This region is one of key importance to the climate system on a global scale. The processes that help to govern the global ...
... The five OSPAR regions cover the north-eastern North Atlantic (east of Cape Farewell and north of Gibraltar) and its extended system into the shelves, high latitudes and Arctic. This region is one of key importance to the climate system on a global scale. The processes that help to govern the global ...
Climate Module - Sustainable Agriculture Network
... application of fertilizers and giving priority to organic fertilizer generated on the farm, thus minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon based emissions associated with their use, production and transportation. Certified farms reduce the amount of waste they produce and thereby not only decre ...
... application of fertilizers and giving priority to organic fertilizer generated on the farm, thus minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon based emissions associated with their use, production and transportation. Certified farms reduce the amount of waste they produce and thereby not only decre ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.