Working Paper No. 405 September 2011
... Vulnerability to climate change changes with population growth, economic growth, and technological progress. Some systems are expected to become more vulnerable, such as water resources (with population growth), heat‐related disorders (with urbanization), and ecosyst ...
... Vulnerability to climate change changes with population growth, economic growth, and technological progress. Some systems are expected to become more vulnerable, such as water resources (with population growth), heat‐related disorders (with urbanization), and ecosyst ...
legal approaches to promote technological solutions to climate change
... involvement. A second category of policies involves technological development promoted indirectly through laws addressing climate change generally. A third type of policy involves directly offering government funding and financing for technological research and development. These three methods are c ...
... involvement. A second category of policies involves technological development promoted indirectly through laws addressing climate change generally. A third type of policy involves directly offering government funding and financing for technological research and development. These three methods are c ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources Daniel Morris and Margaret Walls∗ I. Introduction It is now widely recognized that climate change is taking place, and in the absence of serious policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—and in fact, even with it—the planet will continue to grow warmer ...
... Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources Daniel Morris and Margaret Walls∗ I. Introduction It is now widely recognized that climate change is taking place, and in the absence of serious policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—and in fact, even with it—the planet will continue to grow warmer ...
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... of some average person is used.1 This is because the democratic principle of “one person, one vote” sits awkwardly with the notion that some people are worthier than others. Between countries, matters are different, as the world is made up of sovereign nations. One can, of course, argue that as a ma ...
... of some average person is used.1 This is because the democratic principle of “one person, one vote” sits awkwardly with the notion that some people are worthier than others. Between countries, matters are different, as the world is made up of sovereign nations. One can, of course, argue that as a ma ...
Observed Cloud Cover Trends and Global
... radiation variability since 1985 • use surface observations of clouds to estimate radiation variability back to 1952 • verify estimated cloud-related radiation variability with satellite measurements • compare cloud and radiation output from GCMs run with historical external forcing • use GCM to exp ...
... radiation variability since 1985 • use surface observations of clouds to estimate radiation variability back to 1952 • verify estimated cloud-related radiation variability with satellite measurements • compare cloud and radiation output from GCMs run with historical external forcing • use GCM to exp ...
LNG not `the cleanest fossil fuel on the planet`
... nly if you had been banished from BC would you have propane, pentane, etc) other than methane are removed—the missed the claim by the BC Government, repeated over CO2 is vented and the others flared off. and over in the past three years, that Liquefied Natural From there, the gas is sent via pipelin ...
... nly if you had been banished from BC would you have propane, pentane, etc) other than methane are removed—the missed the claim by the BC Government, repeated over CO2 is vented and the others flared off. and over in the past three years, that Liquefied Natural From there, the gas is sent via pipelin ...
Harnessing Synergies Between Climate Change Adaptation and
... • Generates ownership among a wide range of stakeholders • Lead to robust risk reduction ...
... • Generates ownership among a wide range of stakeholders • Lead to robust risk reduction ...
Global change final
... As temperatures rise the results will be seen on a worldwide scale with, effects being seen on many levels of organisation, from individual organisms through to entire ecosystems. Many biogeographical processes and ecosystem properties are highly temperature sensitive, and the predicted effects of ...
... As temperatures rise the results will be seen on a worldwide scale with, effects being seen on many levels of organisation, from individual organisms through to entire ecosystems. Many biogeographical processes and ecosystem properties are highly temperature sensitive, and the predicted effects of ...
Forecasting potential global environmental costs of livestock
... of, or considerably overshoot, current best estimates of humanity’s safe operating space in each of these domains. On this basis, we suggest that potential contributions of livestock production to global environmental change relative to these proposed sustainability boundary conditions indicate that ...
... of, or considerably overshoot, current best estimates of humanity’s safe operating space in each of these domains. On this basis, we suggest that potential contributions of livestock production to global environmental change relative to these proposed sustainability boundary conditions indicate that ...
Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) phenology in a warming world
... Results: With an interest in both the short- and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population p ...
... Results: With an interest in both the short- and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population p ...
Community-Based Adaptation to a Changing Climate
... rivers and streams to reduce flooding, runoff, and erosion ...
... rivers and streams to reduce flooding, runoff, and erosion ...
Extreme Weather Report 2012
... animals and even humans in vain attempts to placate capricious and cruel gods. Today they demand a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions' A July 2009 article in AllAfrica.com reported: “The Karimojong [in Uganda] blame the spell of calamities like drought and disease to the "angry gods". The article ...
... animals and even humans in vain attempts to placate capricious and cruel gods. Today they demand a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions' A July 2009 article in AllAfrica.com reported: “The Karimojong [in Uganda] blame the spell of calamities like drought and disease to the "angry gods". The article ...
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... of El Niño events. They found that while the frequency of El Niño events had peaked during the last 30 years (11 events), they also pointed out that this could represent natural fluctuations in the climate system and that natural variability alone can drive substantial inter-decadal variability in E ...
... of El Niño events. They found that while the frequency of El Niño events had peaked during the last 30 years (11 events), they also pointed out that this could represent natural fluctuations in the climate system and that natural variability alone can drive substantial inter-decadal variability in E ...
West Dunbartonshire Council Climate Change Strategy `Tackling
... In terms of funding for actions, the Council has access to the Central Energy Efficiency Fund (CEEF) – a Government funding stream which gives the Council autonomy to fund projects which reduce energy consumption in Council property. The initial outlay is then paid back to the fund over a number of ...
... In terms of funding for actions, the Council has access to the Central Energy Efficiency Fund (CEEF) – a Government funding stream which gives the Council autonomy to fund projects which reduce energy consumption in Council property. The initial outlay is then paid back to the fund over a number of ...
Thresholds and Closing Windows
... great risks posed by the irreversible cryosphere thresholds outlined in this Report. Its main message: current “intended contributions,” or INDCs will not prevent our crossing into this zone of irreversibility. This means that much higher ambition levels are needed, or the window for effective actio ...
... great risks posed by the irreversible cryosphere thresholds outlined in this Report. Its main message: current “intended contributions,” or INDCs will not prevent our crossing into this zone of irreversibility. This means that much higher ambition levels are needed, or the window for effective actio ...
Projecting australian climate change
... in Australia, the CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology (2007) have concluded that the drought in many parts of the country is linked to, or at least exacerbated by, global warming. Drought can have many causes. For example, the drought in southwest Western Australia has been attributed to a combinati ...
... in Australia, the CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology (2007) have concluded that the drought in many parts of the country is linked to, or at least exacerbated by, global warming. Drought can have many causes. For example, the drought in southwest Western Australia has been attributed to a combinati ...
save
... As a result of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface and is not immediately reflected back to space, the Earth warms. By how much does the Earth warm? By just enough that it reaches a temperature at which the Earth radiates energy to space at the same rate that the sun transmits ener ...
... As a result of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface and is not immediately reflected back to space, the Earth warms. By how much does the Earth warm? By just enough that it reaches a temperature at which the Earth radiates energy to space at the same rate that the sun transmits ener ...
CLIMATE CHANGE CLUSTER
... natural variability within which our society and economy have developed and thrived. There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate, leading to extreme climatic events and to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts (IPCC, 2007, IARU congress, 2009). ...
... natural variability within which our society and economy have developed and thrived. There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate, leading to extreme climatic events and to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts (IPCC, 2007, IARU congress, 2009). ...
amoeba downing
... earlier thawing of the growing surfaces extending the length of the growing season. Temperature is also likely to have driven increased microbial activity, as indicated by testate amoebae, probably through increased metabolic and organic matter turnover rates. Increased decay of organic matter is in ...
... earlier thawing of the growing surfaces extending the length of the growing season. Temperature is also likely to have driven increased microbial activity, as indicated by testate amoebae, probably through increased metabolic and organic matter turnover rates. Increased decay of organic matter is in ...
Impact of climate change on crops, irrigation and
... Agriculture is essential for most these economies and accounts for a significant portion of GDP, including about 50% in Zimbabwe and 20% in Mozambique. 85% of the 5.2 million ha of cultivated land in the ZRB is contained in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe—only about 180,000 ha of which are equipped for ...
... Agriculture is essential for most these economies and accounts for a significant portion of GDP, including about 50% in Zimbabwe and 20% in Mozambique. 85% of the 5.2 million ha of cultivated land in the ZRB is contained in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe—only about 180,000 ha of which are equipped for ...
the critical decade
... over the past 50 years (Pearce and Feng 2007). Coraldominated ecosystems are sensitive to small rises in water temperature. When the sea temperature rises between 1 and 2 degrees above normal for a six-eight week period, corals may become ‘bleached’ (Figure 13). Corals can sometimes recover from a s ...
... over the past 50 years (Pearce and Feng 2007). Coraldominated ecosystems are sensitive to small rises in water temperature. When the sea temperature rises between 1 and 2 degrees above normal for a six-eight week period, corals may become ‘bleached’ (Figure 13). Corals can sometimes recover from a s ...
emerging issues in international and transnational law related to
... the June 2015 meeting in Bonn to help dissipate the logjam between developed and developing states (and NGOs) regarding inclusion of loss and damage in the Paris text. The aim would be to deepen research into climate change risk assessment, study how existing legal recourse, dispute settlement and a ...
... the June 2015 meeting in Bonn to help dissipate the logjam between developed and developing states (and NGOs) regarding inclusion of loss and damage in the Paris text. The aim would be to deepen research into climate change risk assessment, study how existing legal recourse, dispute settlement and a ...
Titel
... How does it matter to governance? Coping Strategies for climate change can only be effective If they are supported and accepted by relevant stakeholders If they consider and implement respective modes of perception and knowledge Regional and cultural patterns should be identified to increase ...
... How does it matter to governance? Coping Strategies for climate change can only be effective If they are supported and accepted by relevant stakeholders If they consider and implement respective modes of perception and knowledge Regional and cultural patterns should be identified to increase ...
Under New Management - Forum for the Future
... The features which follow set out the basic science and the debate behind it, and assess leading contenders among the range of ‘climate intervention’ technologies. We ask how – and whether – geoengineering could ever gain popular support and a ‘licence to operate’, and what sort of governance arra ...
... The features which follow set out the basic science and the debate behind it, and assess leading contenders among the range of ‘climate intervention’ technologies. We ask how – and whether – geoengineering could ever gain popular support and a ‘licence to operate’, and what sort of governance arra ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.