Center for Global Environmental Research
... Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, and the sum of halocarbons...............................................................12 (a) Zonal mean change in ozone (%) from the 1901-1915 mean to the 1986-2000 mean. (b) Historical time serie ...
... Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, and the sum of halocarbons...............................................................12 (a) Zonal mean change in ozone (%) from the 1901-1915 mean to the 1986-2000 mean. (b) Historical time serie ...
Beyond collapse - Climate change and causality
... livelihoods and migration undertaken within the context of development studies, since the 1950s (e.g. Jónsson, 2010). The extent to which such recent historical evidence can be used as a basis for understanding how human populations might respond to climate change over the coming decades, and even c ...
... livelihoods and migration undertaken within the context of development studies, since the 1950s (e.g. Jónsson, 2010). The extent to which such recent historical evidence can be used as a basis for understanding how human populations might respond to climate change over the coming decades, and even c ...
Oceans - Sea level change
... As silly as it sounds; sea level rises due to global warming by the simple fact that water molecules gain kinetic energy due to heat. The particles in the upper level of sea are quickly released on to the atmosphere, however those in the deeper levels of the sea will take longer to be released; keep ...
... As silly as it sounds; sea level rises due to global warming by the simple fact that water molecules gain kinetic energy due to heat. The particles in the upper level of sea are quickly released on to the atmosphere, however those in the deeper levels of the sea will take longer to be released; keep ...
Towards a typology for constrained climate model forecasts
... Applying the same scaling factors to model-simulated responses to future forcing provides a method for deriving confidence intervals on future climate change [2, 62, 63], this has been referred to as the ASK (Allen-Stott-Kettleborough) approach. The crucial assumption (which is also implicit in attr ...
... Applying the same scaling factors to model-simulated responses to future forcing provides a method for deriving confidence intervals on future climate change [2, 62, 63], this has been referred to as the ASK (Allen-Stott-Kettleborough) approach. The crucial assumption (which is also implicit in attr ...
AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
... radiative transfer calculations) and an all-sky kernel (which includes the effects of clouds in the ...
... radiative transfer calculations) and an all-sky kernel (which includes the effects of clouds in the ...
Fairness on the Day after Tomorrow: Justice, Reciprocity and Global
... the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution is starting to have a range of impacts on the quality of human life, and will continue to do so for many centuries. Evidence collected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that there is no longer any reasonable ...
... the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution is starting to have a range of impacts on the quality of human life, and will continue to do so for many centuries. Evidence collected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that there is no longer any reasonable ...
How much disease could climate change cause?
... In addition to the attributable burden, the avoidable burden at future time points can be estimated by defining an alternative distribution of the risk factor in the study population and comparing projected relative risks under the alternative scenarios. In this case, the relative risks that are cal ...
... In addition to the attributable burden, the avoidable burden at future time points can be estimated by defining an alternative distribution of the risk factor in the study population and comparing projected relative risks under the alternative scenarios. In this case, the relative risks that are cal ...
Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements
... To appear in the Proceedings of the RMS Millenium Conference ...
... To appear in the Proceedings of the RMS Millenium Conference ...
ICARUS IV ABSTRACTS
... constructed? Empirical evidence from Fiji, Ghana, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam ...
... constructed? Empirical evidence from Fiji, Ghana, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam ...
O 3 Environmental Advocacy in the Obama Years
... launched 350.org. The name of the organization was derived from climate scientist James Hansen’s declaration that 350 parts per million was the “safe” level for the stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, a goal required to avoid the worst effects of climate change. In comparison to the ...
... launched 350.org. The name of the organization was derived from climate scientist James Hansen’s declaration that 350 parts per million was the “safe” level for the stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, a goal required to avoid the worst effects of climate change. In comparison to the ...
Smallholder Farmers` Perception of Climate Change
... specific location over long period of time; weather refers to the day–to–day fluctuations in these conditions at the same location (FAO, 2008). Air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure and humidity, wind, and sunshine and cloud cover are variables that are commonly used by meteorologists ...
... specific location over long period of time; weather refers to the day–to–day fluctuations in these conditions at the same location (FAO, 2008). Air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure and humidity, wind, and sunshine and cloud cover are variables that are commonly used by meteorologists ...
Pdf - Global Coral Bleaching
... al reef regions of the world as a direct result of warming oceans. Nowadays there is at least some limited coral bleaching reported each year especially during summer months, although the major, global events that span multiple oceans are usually associated with natural variability (e.g El Niño cond ...
... al reef regions of the world as a direct result of warming oceans. Nowadays there is at least some limited coral bleaching reported each year especially during summer months, although the major, global events that span multiple oceans are usually associated with natural variability (e.g El Niño cond ...
Agriculture, Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration
... reduction in operating hours; drip irrigation technologies; and center-pivot irrigation systems, can significantly reduce the amount of water and nitrogen applied to the cropping system. This reduces greenhouse emissions of nitrous oxide and water withdrawals. For more information, see the ...
... reduction in operating hours; drip irrigation technologies; and center-pivot irrigation systems, can significantly reduce the amount of water and nitrogen applied to the cropping system. This reduces greenhouse emissions of nitrous oxide and water withdrawals. For more information, see the ...
Climate of Opinion
... “Climate change means that we will need to rely heavily on green energy in the future - we need to make a start now to develop the technologies.” net more supportive +70% “Wind turbines ruin the landscape for local people” net less supportive -19% Again, the arguments for and against hardly shif ...
... “Climate change means that we will need to rely heavily on green energy in the future - we need to make a start now to develop the technologies.” net more supportive +70% “Wind turbines ruin the landscape for local people” net less supportive -19% Again, the arguments for and against hardly shif ...
Full text
... differences in nitrous oxide releases between the two plots of the field occured. Nitrous oxide releases from the fallow (0.73 kg N2O-N ha-1) were higher as from the field (0.62 kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summe ...
... differences in nitrous oxide releases between the two plots of the field occured. Nitrous oxide releases from the fallow (0.73 kg N2O-N ha-1) were higher as from the field (0.62 kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summe ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
Climate Change in the Daurian Steppe
... East Asia’s Dauria region is a highly dynamic and diverse ecosystem with extreme climatic conditions. A complex system of wet and dry periods operates in the region over a 30-year cycle, bringing periodic times of water-abundance and drought. This has a massive influence on the ecoregion, altering t ...
... East Asia’s Dauria region is a highly dynamic and diverse ecosystem with extreme climatic conditions. A complex system of wet and dry periods operates in the region over a 30-year cycle, bringing periodic times of water-abundance and drought. This has a massive influence on the ecoregion, altering t ...
The status of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and adjacent land at the
... (2000) review of the evidence of environmental changes in the tropics at the LGM, which argued for a 2.5 jC temperature decrease of the ‘warm pool’ ...
... (2000) review of the evidence of environmental changes in the tropics at the LGM, which argued for a 2.5 jC temperature decrease of the ‘warm pool’ ...
CLIMSAVE_Socio-economic_Scenarios_Presentation
... • Stakeholders generally agreed that the scenario-building process as a whole was useful for developing climate change adaptation strategies: ...
... • Stakeholders generally agreed that the scenario-building process as a whole was useful for developing climate change adaptation strategies: ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
... and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here ar ...
... and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here ar ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
Global marine analysis suggests food chain collapse
... effects (8). Previous metaanalyses on the combined effects of climate change and ocean acidification typically targeted singlespecies responses (9, 10), single ecosystems (11), or life-stages (8). Such analyses detected a lack of difference between the effect sizes of acidification alone and the com ...
... effects (8). Previous metaanalyses on the combined effects of climate change and ocean acidification typically targeted singlespecies responses (9, 10), single ecosystems (11), or life-stages (8). Such analyses detected a lack of difference between the effect sizes of acidification alone and the com ...
Camille Parmesan Education
... Beebee, J M Fromont, O Hoegh-Guldberg (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. o Ranked #11: Parmesan, C & G Yohe (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (This paper also won an ISI Web of Science award i ...
... Beebee, J M Fromont, O Hoegh-Guldberg (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. o Ranked #11: Parmesan, C & G Yohe (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (This paper also won an ISI Web of Science award i ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.