People as sensors: Mass media and local temperature influence
... Leiserowitz (2007) observed that residents of developing countries tended to readily accept the idea of risks associated with climate change, as changing weather patterns disrupt their traditional ways of life. Vedwan and Rhoades (2001), from research of apple farmers in the Western Himalayas, found ...
... Leiserowitz (2007) observed that residents of developing countries tended to readily accept the idea of risks associated with climate change, as changing weather patterns disrupt their traditional ways of life. Vedwan and Rhoades (2001), from research of apple farmers in the Western Himalayas, found ...
The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations and Industry Brochure
... Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) and secondary CDM, and allowance markets such as the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The report provides a scenario-based f ...
... Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) and secondary CDM, and allowance markets such as the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The report provides a scenario-based f ...
SoE 08 Part 4.1 Atmos - Commissioner for Environmental
... • Victoria has warmed by 0.6°C since the 1950s; a faster rate of warming than the Australian average and the last ten years have been hotter than average in Victoria, with 2007 being the hottest year on record. • Since 1990, changes to both global temperature and sea level have tracked at the upper ...
... • Victoria has warmed by 0.6°C since the 1950s; a faster rate of warming than the Australian average and the last ten years have been hotter than average in Victoria, with 2007 being the hottest year on record. • Since 1990, changes to both global temperature and sea level have tracked at the upper ...
Full text (PDF)
... depth to 8.9 GtC yr1 by 39 % in LG-temp compared with that of 6.4 GtC yr1 in LG. In LG glacial cooling enhances ocean stratification in association with the weakening of NADW formation and the northward penetration of southern source intermediate-bottom water [Chikamoto et al., 2012]. This feature ...
... depth to 8.9 GtC yr1 by 39 % in LG-temp compared with that of 6.4 GtC yr1 in LG. In LG glacial cooling enhances ocean stratification in association with the weakening of NADW formation and the northward penetration of southern source intermediate-bottom water [Chikamoto et al., 2012]. This feature ...
countryside council for wales
... methane is 21 times more effective at trapping greenhouse heat (thermal infrared radiation) than CO2 over a 100-year timescale. As methane is removed from the atmosphere more rapidly by natural processes than CO2, methane emissions have a disproportionately large global warming potential on shorter ...
... methane is 21 times more effective at trapping greenhouse heat (thermal infrared radiation) than CO2 over a 100-year timescale. As methane is removed from the atmosphere more rapidly by natural processes than CO2, methane emissions have a disproportionately large global warming potential on shorter ...
Pathways for balancing CO2 emissions and sinks
... BAU scenario, generate cumulative carbon emissions and temperature anomalies similar to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0, one of the IPCC’s four benchmark concentration pathways for CO2 and other greenhouse gases6,7. The Fossil Fuels scenario. The Fossil Fuels scenario projects an incr ...
... BAU scenario, generate cumulative carbon emissions and temperature anomalies similar to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0, one of the IPCC’s four benchmark concentration pathways for CO2 and other greenhouse gases6,7. The Fossil Fuels scenario. The Fossil Fuels scenario projects an incr ...
Sea-level rise around the Australian coastline and the changing
... (1897-2004) and Fort Denison, Sydney (1914-2004) serve as useful indicators of any observed change in extreme sea levels over the last century on the west and east coast respectively. These data are hourly data provided by the National Tidal Centre, Australia. The sea-level records from these ports ...
... (1897-2004) and Fort Denison, Sydney (1914-2004) serve as useful indicators of any observed change in extreme sea levels over the last century on the west and east coast respectively. These data are hourly data provided by the National Tidal Centre, Australia. The sea-level records from these ports ...
Poverty, Inequality and Climate Change
... arable land, destroying ecosystems, polluting groundwater in coastal regions and placing further strain on food supply. Along with more extreme weather events and degradation of agricultural land and fresh water supplies, sea level rise will displace large numbers of people and further increase pres ...
... arable land, destroying ecosystems, polluting groundwater in coastal regions and placing further strain on food supply. Along with more extreme weather events and degradation of agricultural land and fresh water supplies, sea level rise will displace large numbers of people and further increase pres ...
6 Climate impacts on sectors and policies
... climatic factors. Climate change is already having an impact on agriculture (Peltonen-Sainio et al., 2010; Olesen et al., 2011), and has been attributed as one of the factors contributing to yield stagnation in wheat in parts of Europe (Brisson et al., 2010). Measuring current and future impacts of ...
... climatic factors. Climate change is already having an impact on agriculture (Peltonen-Sainio et al., 2010; Olesen et al., 2011), and has been attributed as one of the factors contributing to yield stagnation in wheat in parts of Europe (Brisson et al., 2010). Measuring current and future impacts of ...
Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short
... gas flaring, coal and biomass stoves, agricultural waste, solvents and diesel engines were most important. These measures lead to large reductions in calculated surface concentrations of ozone and particulate matter. We estimate that in the EU, the loss of statistical life expectancy due to air poll ...
... gas flaring, coal and biomass stoves, agricultural waste, solvents and diesel engines were most important. These measures lead to large reductions in calculated surface concentrations of ozone and particulate matter. We estimate that in the EU, the loss of statistical life expectancy due to air poll ...
Examples of adaptation for marine and coastal stakeholders
... The document Scaling adaptation: climate change response and coastal management in the UK focuses on ‘scale’ dilemmas in environmental decision-making, particularly those dilemmas posed in space and time by the challenges of societal adaptation to climate change impacts. The analysis draws insights ...
... The document Scaling adaptation: climate change response and coastal management in the UK focuses on ‘scale’ dilemmas in environmental decision-making, particularly those dilemmas posed in space and time by the challenges of societal adaptation to climate change impacts. The analysis draws insights ...
Chapter 17.
... in the position of the Earth with respect to the Sun (Maxwell 1997). They can be reflected in changes in the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which help to maintain surface temperatures in the range needed to support life. Th ...
... in the position of the Earth with respect to the Sun (Maxwell 1997). They can be reflected in changes in the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which help to maintain surface temperatures in the range needed to support life. Th ...
Climate change and seafood safety: Human health implications
... atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (concentrations of CO2 have increased by more than 30%, from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to present day levels of 387 ppm (Earth Systems Research Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; http://co2now.org/)). Other ...
... atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (concentrations of CO2 have increased by more than 30%, from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to present day levels of 387 ppm (Earth Systems Research Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; http://co2now.org/)). Other ...
The Hartwell Paper - Eureka
... consensus.1 Yvo de Boer, the long‐serving chairman of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), who had guided the process through meeting after increasingly inconclusive meeting in recent years, has since announced his resignation and future plans to work in the priv ...
... consensus.1 Yvo de Boer, the long‐serving chairman of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), who had guided the process through meeting after increasingly inconclusive meeting in recent years, has since announced his resignation and future plans to work in the priv ...
This Time is Different (opens in new window)
... states’ emissions reduction contributions will be “nationally-determined”, and are unlikely to be legally binding under international law. This is likely to enable the participation, and increase the ambition, of the largest, systemically important emitters, including China and the United States, an ...
... states’ emissions reduction contributions will be “nationally-determined”, and are unlikely to be legally binding under international law. This is likely to enable the participation, and increase the ambition, of the largest, systemically important emitters, including China and the United States, an ...
Land use/land cover changes and climate: modeling analysis and observational evidence
... being mostly omitted from the climate models used in previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments of climate projections and historical reconstructions (although deforestation is included via emission scenarios of CO2 ). The role of climate science, however, extends beyond f ...
... being mostly omitted from the climate models used in previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments of climate projections and historical reconstructions (although deforestation is included via emission scenarios of CO2 ). The role of climate science, however, extends beyond f ...
Quantifying surface albedo and other direct biogeophysical climate
... The terrestrial biosphere and Earth’s climate are closely entwined. Climate strongly influences terrestrial productivity and biome distributions. In turn, the vegetation, soils, and other components of the terrestrial biosphere influence climate through the amount of energy, water, carbon, and other ...
... The terrestrial biosphere and Earth’s climate are closely entwined. Climate strongly influences terrestrial productivity and biome distributions. In turn, the vegetation, soils, and other components of the terrestrial biosphere influence climate through the amount of energy, water, carbon, and other ...
Establishing Accountability for Climate Change Damages: Lessons
... the history of tobacco control in the United States to identify lessons that might be applicable to action on global warming. The first important insight was that the history of tobacco control efforts stretches back much further than most people realize. The American Tobacco Company was broken up a ...
... the history of tobacco control in the United States to identify lessons that might be applicable to action on global warming. The first important insight was that the history of tobacco control efforts stretches back much further than most people realize. The American Tobacco Company was broken up a ...
PDF
... Adapting to Climate Change: An analysis under uncertainty David García-León∗ December 9, 2015 ...
... Adapting to Climate Change: An analysis under uncertainty David García-León∗ December 9, 2015 ...
Abrupt climate changes: Oceans, Ice, and Us - NAS
... project future changes indicate a slowdown in the ocean circulation, but not a complete collapse, and the slowdown takes long enough that CO2 replaces the warmth from the ocean circulation. The most common outcome is that warming occurs in the North Atlantic, but more slowly than elsewhere in and ne ...
... project future changes indicate a slowdown in the ocean circulation, but not a complete collapse, and the slowdown takes long enough that CO2 replaces the warmth from the ocean circulation. The most common outcome is that warming occurs in the North Atlantic, but more slowly than elsewhere in and ne ...
Full-Text PDF
... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation have altered the global climate. Climate change signals are also manifesting themselves in U.S. ecosystems. U.S. temperature and p ...
... comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation have altered the global climate. Climate change signals are also manifesting themselves in U.S. ecosystems. U.S. temperature and p ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.