Climate extremes and ozone pollution: a growing threat to China`s
... controls on crop productivity. The majority of existing assessments have focused on physical climate variables (i.e., mean temperature and precipitation), but less on the increasing climate extremes (e.g., drought) and their interactions with increasing levels of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here we qua ...
... controls on crop productivity. The majority of existing assessments have focused on physical climate variables (i.e., mean temperature and precipitation), but less on the increasing climate extremes (e.g., drought) and their interactions with increasing levels of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here we qua ...
Attribution of the record high Central England temperature of
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
IEAGHG Information Paper; 2013-IP31; Drawing Down N2O to Protect
... While N2O exists naturally in the atmosphere in trace amounts, human activities have increased its concentrations since the industrial revolution. The UNEP report, produced in conjunction with scientists and experts from more than 35 organizations, points out that with determination and commitment t ...
... While N2O exists naturally in the atmosphere in trace amounts, human activities have increased its concentrations since the industrial revolution. The UNEP report, produced in conjunction with scientists and experts from more than 35 organizations, points out that with determination and commitment t ...
PDF
... Pioneering work concerning impure public goods has been provided by Cornes and Sandler (1984). They develop an approach to analyze this type of public good where the consumers’ utility function is defined over three characteristics. Cornes and Sandler (1994) investigate the comparative static proper ...
... Pioneering work concerning impure public goods has been provided by Cornes and Sandler (1984). They develop an approach to analyze this type of public good where the consumers’ utility function is defined over three characteristics. Cornes and Sandler (1994) investigate the comparative static proper ...
IPCC Asia - Climate Change and Food Security
... Extreme weather events in Asia were reported to provide evidence of increases in the intensity or frequency on regional scales throughout the 20th century. The Third Assessment Report (TAR) predicted that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5 ...
... Extreme weather events in Asia were reported to provide evidence of increases in the intensity or frequency on regional scales throughout the 20th century. The Third Assessment Report (TAR) predicted that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5 ...
Climate Change Detection and Attribution: Beyond Mean
... the climate system that occurs in the absence of anomalous external natural or anthropogenic forcing (Mitchell et al. 2001). Attribution of anthropogenic climate change is generally understood to require a demonstration that the detected change is consistent with simulated change driven by a combina ...
... the climate system that occurs in the absence of anomalous external natural or anthropogenic forcing (Mitchell et al. 2001). Attribution of anthropogenic climate change is generally understood to require a demonstration that the detected change is consistent with simulated change driven by a combina ...
Kevin Bliss, ( 657 KB) - Governors` Biofuels Coalition
... and natural gas production and natural gas storage in the United States, states are the ideal regulator of CO2 geological storage. For half a century states have been the principal regulators of EOR in the United States, as well as for natural gas and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) storage. Regulations alre ...
... and natural gas production and natural gas storage in the United States, states are the ideal regulator of CO2 geological storage. For half a century states have been the principal regulators of EOR in the United States, as well as for natural gas and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) storage. Regulations alre ...
Climate change as the `new` security threat: implications for Africa
... gulf of Guinea and Senegal. Large delta systems are at particular risk of flooding, with associated costs estimated at 5–10 per cent of gross domestic product or above.23 This is a particular concern in countries that have a large part of their industrial capacity under the ‘one metre’ zone. Egypt’s ...
... gulf of Guinea and Senegal. Large delta systems are at particular risk of flooding, with associated costs estimated at 5–10 per cent of gross domestic product or above.23 This is a particular concern in countries that have a large part of their industrial capacity under the ‘one metre’ zone. Egypt’s ...
How the United Nations System Supports Ambitious Action on
... already aggravating other stresses on sustainable development, ranging from land degradation and resource depletion to land, air and water pollution. Drawing on the best available science, Governments have recognized that the average global temperature must rise by no more than 2°C above pre-industr ...
... already aggravating other stresses on sustainable development, ranging from land degradation and resource depletion to land, air and water pollution. Drawing on the best available science, Governments have recognized that the average global temperature must rise by no more than 2°C above pre-industr ...
Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels and Forest Management
... global warming. Experiments testing the effects of carbon dioxide fertilization indicate rising atmospheric levels will result in an increase in herbaceous production (Nowak et al 2004). This increase will translate into more fine fuels that can carry fire in forests and woodlands. Meanwhile, the impr ...
... global warming. Experiments testing the effects of carbon dioxide fertilization indicate rising atmospheric levels will result in an increase in herbaceous production (Nowak et al 2004). This increase will translate into more fine fuels that can carry fire in forests and woodlands. Meanwhile, the impr ...
Seed dressing systemic insecticides and honeybees: a challenge for
... Exceptional melting was recorded on the Greenland ice sheet in the summer of 2012. On 12 July 2012 nearly the entire ice cover experienced some degree of surface melting (NASA, 2012). The extreme melt event coincided with an unusually strong ridge of warm air over Greenland. The ridge was one of a s ...
... Exceptional melting was recorded on the Greenland ice sheet in the summer of 2012. On 12 July 2012 nearly the entire ice cover experienced some degree of surface melting (NASA, 2012). The extreme melt event coincided with an unusually strong ridge of warm air over Greenland. The ridge was one of a s ...
pdf file - Polar Science Center
... Role of self-amplification for Tipping Elements The word Tipping Element suggests the existence of a self-amplification process at the heart of the tipping dynamics. Once triggered it dominates the dynamics for a certain period of time and thereby induces a qualitative change within the system, e.g. ...
... Role of self-amplification for Tipping Elements The word Tipping Element suggests the existence of a self-amplification process at the heart of the tipping dynamics. Once triggered it dominates the dynamics for a certain period of time and thereby induces a qualitative change within the system, e.g. ...
Forests, Carbon Markets, and Avoided Deforestation: Legal
... and verified by environmental auditors, they can be credited towards the emission targets of the investor country. JI defines a crediting tool for emission reductions projects implemented in cooperation between two industrialized countries. The CDM is the instrument that involves developing countrie ...
... and verified by environmental auditors, they can be credited towards the emission targets of the investor country. JI defines a crediting tool for emission reductions projects implemented in cooperation between two industrialized countries. The CDM is the instrument that involves developing countrie ...
How do recent population trends matter to climate change?
... Although integrated assessment models (IAM) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consider population, along with economic growth and technological change, as one of the root causes of greenhouse gas emissions, how population dynamics affect climate change is still under debate. Wh ...
... Although integrated assessment models (IAM) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consider population, along with economic growth and technological change, as one of the root causes of greenhouse gas emissions, how population dynamics affect climate change is still under debate. Wh ...
Mapping Greenhouse Gas Emissions Where You Live
... In your discussion, emphasize that facilities emit greenhouse gases because they are producing things that people want or need. We all play a role in climate change because we all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions whenever we use electricity, travel in a motorized vehicle, use just about any ty ...
... In your discussion, emphasize that facilities emit greenhouse gases because they are producing things that people want or need. We all play a role in climate change because we all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions whenever we use electricity, travel in a motorized vehicle, use just about any ty ...
4. Influence of Climate Change on the Condition of the Catchment`s
... Information from the regional NRM planning framework review (see section 3.1) and stakeholder engagement has been used to describe the influence of climate change on each of the three regional natural resource classes identified in the Goulburn Broken RCS. Tables 1, 2 and 3 (below) summarise informa ...
... Information from the regional NRM planning framework review (see section 3.1) and stakeholder engagement has been used to describe the influence of climate change on each of the three regional natural resource classes identified in the Goulburn Broken RCS. Tables 1, 2 and 3 (below) summarise informa ...
UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and CDM
... Principles, Nature and Scope of the Mechanism (Article 16, 12 & 17 of the Kyoto Protocol) KP has not created or bestowed any right, title and entitlements of any kind on Annex I Parties. Annex I Parties implement domestic action to reduce emissions in a manner conducive to narrowing per capita dif ...
... Principles, Nature and Scope of the Mechanism (Article 16, 12 & 17 of the Kyoto Protocol) KP has not created or bestowed any right, title and entitlements of any kind on Annex I Parties. Annex I Parties implement domestic action to reduce emissions in a manner conducive to narrowing per capita dif ...
climatic adaptation of coastal communities on the southwest of taiwan
... research papers on, and assessments of, the impact of global climate change and the adaptation of communities to it. Its 2013 publication, the Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013), indicated the increasing frequency of extreme climatic events, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves, and the increa ...
... research papers on, and assessments of, the impact of global climate change and the adaptation of communities to it. Its 2013 publication, the Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013), indicated the increasing frequency of extreme climatic events, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves, and the increa ...
climate change in the american mind
... from dependence on foreign oil (48%), or protect God’s creation (48%). Of these, the outcomes subsequently selected as the most important personally were providing a better life for our children and grandchildren (25%) and protecting God’s creation (19%). Americans’ primary concerns about taking act ...
... from dependence on foreign oil (48%), or protect God’s creation (48%). Of these, the outcomes subsequently selected as the most important personally were providing a better life for our children and grandchildren (25%) and protecting God’s creation (19%). Americans’ primary concerns about taking act ...
Desertification-Climate Change Interactions
... initial variable that fostered the change. There are positive and negative feedbacks. A positive feedback stimulates an increase on the initial variable response. For example, global warming reduces snow cover in winter, increases both surface albedo and absorption of solar energy by ground, thus av ...
... initial variable that fostered the change. There are positive and negative feedbacks. A positive feedback stimulates an increase on the initial variable response. For example, global warming reduces snow cover in winter, increases both surface albedo and absorption of solar energy by ground, thus av ...
The UK, shale gas and unburnable carbon
... between now and 2050. But burning proven reserves alone would emit 2800 billion tonnes. The IPCC recently confirmed this analysis (see p22). And there are far more fossil fuel resources out there than just proven reserves. This is not some niche NGO analysis. Shell has responded to the Carbon Tracke ...
... between now and 2050. But burning proven reserves alone would emit 2800 billion tonnes. The IPCC recently confirmed this analysis (see p22). And there are far more fossil fuel resources out there than just proven reserves. This is not some niche NGO analysis. Shell has responded to the Carbon Tracke ...
Climate Change Legislation in the 110 Congress
... have been proposals to require such reductions.7 These proposals include “command and control” regulations and market-based techniques to limit emissions. Marketbased programs typically take as their model the Clean Air Act’s acid rain program, which employs a cap-and-trade design to control several ...
... have been proposals to require such reductions.7 These proposals include “command and control” regulations and market-based techniques to limit emissions. Marketbased programs typically take as their model the Clean Air Act’s acid rain program, which employs a cap-and-trade design to control several ...
to the Program - International Conference on Climate
... science. And now, the President of the United States agrees and is willing to work with Congress to reset climate policy. According to news accounts and the president himself, Congress and the Trump administration plan to end the Clean Power Plan, rescind the Environmental Protection Agency’s “endan ...
... science. And now, the President of the United States agrees and is willing to work with Congress to reset climate policy. According to news accounts and the president himself, Congress and the Trump administration plan to end the Clean Power Plan, rescind the Environmental Protection Agency’s “endan ...
The UK, shale gas and unburnable carbon
... between now and 2050. But burning proven reserves alone would emit 2800 billion tonnes. The IPCC recently confirmed this analysis (see p22). And there are far more fossil fuel resources out there than just proven reserves. This is not some niche NGO analysis. Shell has responded to the Carbon Tracke ...
... between now and 2050. But burning proven reserves alone would emit 2800 billion tonnes. The IPCC recently confirmed this analysis (see p22). And there are far more fossil fuel resources out there than just proven reserves. This is not some niche NGO analysis. Shell has responded to the Carbon Tracke ...
A Vulnerable Country in the Face of Climate Change
... As Table 1 and Figure 6 illustrate, Indonesia is the world’s third greatest emitter of greenhouse gases. The table and figure also depict that the main contributor to Indonesia’s high release of greenhouse gases is due to forestry. Forestry accounts for approximately 2,563 million tons (Mt) of CO2-e ...
... As Table 1 and Figure 6 illustrate, Indonesia is the world’s third greatest emitter of greenhouse gases. The table and figure also depict that the main contributor to Indonesia’s high release of greenhouse gases is due to forestry. Forestry accounts for approximately 2,563 million tons (Mt) of CO2-e ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.