Changing weather and climate in Northern Ghana
... growing body of research has focused on predicting and analyzing the local impacts of climate change (Barros 2014). However, important gaps remain in our collective understanding of how to best merge different sources of knowledge of local climate change effects. Specifically, what is the role of lo ...
... growing body of research has focused on predicting and analyzing the local impacts of climate change (Barros 2014). However, important gaps remain in our collective understanding of how to best merge different sources of knowledge of local climate change effects. Specifically, what is the role of lo ...
A Critical Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol using Monte Carlo
... and complexity. An extension of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto is at the forefront of the Convention‟s ultimate objective towards the stabilisation of GHGs in the atmosphere at a level preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system ( ...
... and complexity. An extension of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto is at the forefront of the Convention‟s ultimate objective towards the stabilisation of GHGs in the atmosphere at a level preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system ( ...
Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics and Climate
... These field studies are coordinated with other activities: the development of coupled biological/physical models; retrospective analysis of data collected over the last century by oceanographers, climatologists and fisheries scientists; and, development of improved technology for making coupled obse ...
... These field studies are coordinated with other activities: the development of coupled biological/physical models; retrospective analysis of data collected over the last century by oceanographers, climatologists and fisheries scientists; and, development of improved technology for making coupled obse ...
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence
... If the temperature of this year is not related to that of last year or next year we can use statistics to determine whether the increase in global temperature is significant or not. In such an “uncorrelated climate”, i.e. if the temperature of this year is fully independent of other years, the avera ...
... If the temperature of this year is not related to that of last year or next year we can use statistics to determine whether the increase in global temperature is significant or not. In such an “uncorrelated climate”, i.e. if the temperature of this year is fully independent of other years, the avera ...
Forecasting global climate change: A scientific approach Kesten C
... “By 2100, the average U.S. temperature is projected to increase by about 4°F to 11°F.”2 “If we do not cut emissions, we face even more devastating consequences, as unchecked they could raise global average temperature to 4°C or more above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. The shift to ...
... “By 2100, the average U.S. temperature is projected to increase by about 4°F to 11°F.”2 “If we do not cut emissions, we face even more devastating consequences, as unchecked they could raise global average temperature to 4°C or more above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. The shift to ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... Climate change is defined a change in the statistical properties of the climate system in particular region when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Beside according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change refers to any change in climate over ti ...
... Climate change is defined a change in the statistical properties of the climate system in particular region when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Beside according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change refers to any change in climate over ti ...
Shareholder briefing: forthcoming AGM resolutions
... This objective has not been achieved in any overall proportionate sense. The emissions intensity of Origin’s internal generation has more than doubled its 2009 on an equity basis. On an operational control basis it has increased approximately one quarter. In 2013/14 0.06% of Origin’s direct internal ...
... This objective has not been achieved in any overall proportionate sense. The emissions intensity of Origin’s internal generation has more than doubled its 2009 on an equity basis. On an operational control basis it has increased approximately one quarter. In 2013/14 0.06% of Origin’s direct internal ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... increases in both the number of events occurring in spring and autumn, with the largest increase being the increase in class 6 events in autumn. Along with this increase in the total water available there is also an increase in relative humidity of ~15%. Thus this significant increase in the presenc ...
... increases in both the number of events occurring in spring and autumn, with the largest increase being the increase in class 6 events in autumn. Along with this increase in the total water available there is also an increase in relative humidity of ~15%. Thus this significant increase in the presenc ...
module 1 - National Open University of Nigeria
... Climate change is the measurable increase in the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, oceans and landmasses. Scientists believe earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising level of heat trapping gases known as greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These greenhouse ga ...
... Climate change is the measurable increase in the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, oceans and landmasses. Scientists believe earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising level of heat trapping gases known as greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These greenhouse ga ...
UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the WTO – Brewing Conflicts or
... in our minds. Extensive climate changes may alter and threaten the living conditions of much of mankind. They may induce large-scale migration and lead to greater competition for the earth’s resources. Such changes will place particularly heavy burdens on the world’s most vulnerable countries. There ...
... in our minds. Extensive climate changes may alter and threaten the living conditions of much of mankind. They may induce large-scale migration and lead to greater competition for the earth’s resources. Such changes will place particularly heavy burdens on the world’s most vulnerable countries. There ...
Type of relationships in GHG emission trading scheme
... The climate should be considered as an object of legal environmental protection (direct norm in the law); Among main principles of environmental legislation it is necessary to foresee the obligation to take the steps to prevent negative climate change; Necessity to carry out scientific research in t ...
... The climate should be considered as an object of legal environmental protection (direct norm in the law); Among main principles of environmental legislation it is necessary to foresee the obligation to take the steps to prevent negative climate change; Necessity to carry out scientific research in t ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses gives an albedo cooling effect. The size of the albedo feedback can be large, especially for changes between snow covered and non-snow covered surfaces. ...
... grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses gives an albedo cooling effect. The size of the albedo feedback can be large, especially for changes between snow covered and non-snow covered surfaces. ...
A Realty Check on Global Warming
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also s ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also s ...
PDF
... Paddy rice area declines, especially in Asia (i.e. China, India, and South East Asia). This is partially attributed to the fact that land growing rice emits methane to the atmosphere. In contrast, the area for the other crop sectors expands, especially for coarse grain and oilseeds as well as vegeta ...
... Paddy rice area declines, especially in Asia (i.e. China, India, and South East Asia). This is partially attributed to the fact that land growing rice emits methane to the atmosphere. In contrast, the area for the other crop sectors expands, especially for coarse grain and oilseeds as well as vegeta ...
freeze-thaw and precipitation report
... These reports do not simply provide more detailed climate information for the City; they are designed to provide further analysis of specific types of changes in Prince George and to assess how these changes may affect infrastructure and operations. The assessments are designed to inform adaptation ...
... These reports do not simply provide more detailed climate information for the City; they are designed to provide further analysis of specific types of changes in Prince George and to assess how these changes may affect infrastructure and operations. The assessments are designed to inform adaptation ...
Full PDF
... The contention that human emissions are now the dominant influence on climate is simply a hypothesis, rather than a universally accepted scientific theory. It is therefore correct, indeed verging on compulsory in the scientific tradition, to be skeptical of those who express certainty that ‘the scie ...
... The contention that human emissions are now the dominant influence on climate is simply a hypothesis, rather than a universally accepted scientific theory. It is therefore correct, indeed verging on compulsory in the scientific tradition, to be skeptical of those who express certainty that ‘the scie ...
The importance of the Montreal protocol in protecting climate
... Effect on ozone layer • Mid-latitude: EESC back to 1980levels around 2050 • Polar region: EESC back to 1980levels around 2065: – Older age of air in polar vortex ...
... Effect on ozone layer • Mid-latitude: EESC back to 1980levels around 2050 • Polar region: EESC back to 1980levels around 2065: – Older age of air in polar vortex ...
The European carbon balance. Part 4
... McNaughton, 1986; Schulze et al., 2002). The evaporation and sensible heat fluxes were estimated by upscaling eddy-covariance measurements (Baldocchi, 2003) based on the approach of Jung et al. (2009) using satellite and meteorological data. A first-order correction of the measurements was applied t ...
... McNaughton, 1986; Schulze et al., 2002). The evaporation and sensible heat fluxes were estimated by upscaling eddy-covariance measurements (Baldocchi, 2003) based on the approach of Jung et al. (2009) using satellite and meteorological data. A first-order correction of the measurements was applied t ...
PDF
... commodities. The variation in regional production adjustment follows the variation in yield changes induced by climate change (Figure 1). This adjustment follows the strong local specificity of climate change. For example, Figure 2 to Figure 5 report simulated production changes for cereals and oils ...
... commodities. The variation in regional production adjustment follows the variation in yield changes induced by climate change (Figure 1). This adjustment follows the strong local specificity of climate change. For example, Figure 2 to Figure 5 report simulated production changes for cereals and oils ...
Climate Change, Human Rights and the Problem of Motivation
... with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritative scientific source for multidisciplinary debates on the topic. Beginning with the right to s ...
... with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritative scientific source for multidisciplinary debates on the topic. Beginning with the right to s ...
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation
... one phase might be, the opposite phase would have the opposite effect and after a full cycle the system would be brought back to where it was at the beginning. The heat can just be moved around through different parts of the system and it may even be "hidden" for some time, but after a full cycle it w ...
... one phase might be, the opposite phase would have the opposite effect and after a full cycle the system would be brought back to where it was at the beginning. The heat can just be moved around through different parts of the system and it may even be "hidden" for some time, but after a full cycle it w ...
CCRIF’s Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) Initiative Study
... We are very happy to present to our partners and stakeholders the preliminary results of this economics of climate adaptation study which we hope provide policy makers in the region with the facts and tools to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into their national disaster management regimes. ...
... We are very happy to present to our partners and stakeholders the preliminary results of this economics of climate adaptation study which we hope provide policy makers in the region with the facts and tools to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into their national disaster management regimes. ...
Climate Change and Health
... climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s work in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. The second statement reviews health benefits of climate change mitigation, while the third statement outlines actions that the health sector can take to ...
... climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s work in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. The second statement reviews health benefits of climate change mitigation, while the third statement outlines actions that the health sector can take to ...
Potential effects of climate change and rising CO2 on ecosystem
... highlight interactions among processes that are likely to be important. Such information can be useful to scientists and land managers as they plan on means of examining and responding to the effects of climate change. Key words: climate change, CO2, forest ecosystems, carbon cycling, NPP, NEP, nitr ...
... highlight interactions among processes that are likely to be important. Such information can be useful to scientists and land managers as they plan on means of examining and responding to the effects of climate change. Key words: climate change, CO2, forest ecosystems, carbon cycling, NPP, NEP, nitr ...
United States television news coverage of anthropogenic climate
... sample was compiled through selection of every other news clip, arranged chronologically. The sample was assembled by systematically opting in from a random starting point in January 1995. In this sample, 36% then came from ABC World News Tonight, 31% from CBS Evening News, and 33% from NBC Nightly ...
... sample was compiled through selection of every other news clip, arranged chronologically. The sample was assembled by systematically opting in from a random starting point in January 1995. In this sample, 36% then came from ABC World News Tonight, 31% from CBS Evening News, and 33% from NBC Nightly ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.