Submission by Japan to the UN Framework Convention on Climate
... Adaptation to the impacts of climate change is nowadays essential for every country, as changes in climate have caused impacts on natural ecosystems and human societies on all continents and across the oceans. As a national adaptation planning process, the Central Environment Council conducted clima ...
... Adaptation to the impacts of climate change is nowadays essential for every country, as changes in climate have caused impacts on natural ecosystems and human societies on all continents and across the oceans. As a national adaptation planning process, the Central Environment Council conducted clima ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... growth records, shrubs are ideally suited for quantifying tundra vegetation responses to climate warming. Assembled annual growth records from sites across the tundra biome provide a unique opportunity to test competing hypotheses of shrub responses to climate change over the past half-century. Prev ...
... growth records, shrubs are ideally suited for quantifying tundra vegetation responses to climate warming. Assembled annual growth records from sites across the tundra biome provide a unique opportunity to test competing hypotheses of shrub responses to climate change over the past half-century. Prev ...
Water: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and
... Rigid, expensive, and irreversible actions in climate-sensitive areas can increase vulnerability and long-term costs. Water managers and policymakers must start considering climate change as a factor in all decisions about water investments and the operation of existing facilities and systems. A con ...
... Rigid, expensive, and irreversible actions in climate-sensitive areas can increase vulnerability and long-term costs. Water managers and policymakers must start considering climate change as a factor in all decisions about water investments and the operation of existing facilities and systems. A con ...
Dietz et al. 2007. Support for CC Policy
... industry, and environmentalists will influence climate change policy support. Climate change information and knowledge. The public lacks an understanding about global warming and its causes. People tend to view ‘‘global warming’’ as an overall term that includes stratospheric ozone depletion and ten ...
... industry, and environmentalists will influence climate change policy support. Climate change information and knowledge. The public lacks an understanding about global warming and its causes. People tend to view ‘‘global warming’’ as an overall term that includes stratospheric ozone depletion and ten ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... trends. November is the only month showing a decreasing trend of between 0.0039 °C and 0.012 °C per decade in minimum temperatures at all selected weather stations. Arising from these estimates, it is safe to conclude that Rwanda is likely to experience more cool spells in the coming years especiall ...
... trends. November is the only month showing a decreasing trend of between 0.0039 °C and 0.012 °C per decade in minimum temperatures at all selected weather stations. Arising from these estimates, it is safe to conclude that Rwanda is likely to experience more cool spells in the coming years especiall ...
Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes
... 2007. The Rn-EOF/PC analysis not only captures the atmospheric circulation leading spatial pattern and its amplitude evolution in each time window, but also tracks movements of its centers of action throughout the entire time period. The first EOF/PC patterns of MSLP are outstandingly robust, exhibi ...
... 2007. The Rn-EOF/PC analysis not only captures the atmospheric circulation leading spatial pattern and its amplitude evolution in each time window, but also tracks movements of its centers of action throughout the entire time period. The first EOF/PC patterns of MSLP are outstandingly robust, exhibi ...
Agriculture and climate change: A prairie perspective
... substantive body of literature focusing upon climate change and agriculture, there continues to be a wide range of opinions regarding scenarios of future impacts. In the Prairies, for example, which is an agricultural area of significant global, national and regional importance, the most recent IPCC ...
... substantive body of literature focusing upon climate change and agriculture, there continues to be a wide range of opinions regarding scenarios of future impacts. In the Prairies, for example, which is an agricultural area of significant global, national and regional importance, the most recent IPCC ...
the bali action plan: key issues in the climate negotiations
... for developing countries” by Harald Winkler, Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town Mitigation – the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) – has been at the heart of the climate negotiations from the outset. As the next round of negotiations focuses on what developing countries ...
... for developing countries” by Harald Winkler, Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town Mitigation – the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) – has been at the heart of the climate negotiations from the outset. As the next round of negotiations focuses on what developing countries ...
White House Climate Took Kit - Superior Watershed Partnership
... Climate Resilience Toolkit, will also include examples of effective resilience strategies that have been successfully implemented in representative types of cities and towns across the nation. Announcing a Hampton Roads Preparedness and Resilience Exercise Led by the National Security Council and su ...
... Climate Resilience Toolkit, will also include examples of effective resilience strategies that have been successfully implemented in representative types of cities and towns across the nation. Announcing a Hampton Roads Preparedness and Resilience Exercise Led by the National Security Council and su ...
ECMWF`s activities in atmospheric composition and climate
... MACC-II is the third in a series of FP6 & 7 EU projects (since 2005). It is coordinated by ECMWF and the consortium comprises 36 partners from 13 countries. It runs till July 2014, when GMES operations are expected to start. ...
... MACC-II is the third in a series of FP6 & 7 EU projects (since 2005). It is coordinated by ECMWF and the consortium comprises 36 partners from 13 countries. It runs till July 2014, when GMES operations are expected to start. ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,
... at the relationship and sensitivity of lightning activity to changes in surface temperature. Since long term global lightning observations do not exist, relationships are normally investigated on shorter time scales. Many time scales have been explored; on all these timescales we observe a positive ...
... at the relationship and sensitivity of lightning activity to changes in surface temperature. Since long term global lightning observations do not exist, relationships are normally investigated on shorter time scales. Many time scales have been explored; on all these timescales we observe a positive ...
Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Security.
... Question 2 measured respondents’ familiarity with the idea that climate change may exacerbate or multiply security threats, such as threats of political violence, conflicts, and large-scale migrations. Question 3 assessed respondents’ exposure to the idea that a climate change-related drought was on ...
... Question 2 measured respondents’ familiarity with the idea that climate change may exacerbate or multiply security threats, such as threats of political violence, conflicts, and large-scale migrations. Question 3 assessed respondents’ exposure to the idea that a climate change-related drought was on ...
G8 Impact on International Climate Change Negotiations – Good or
... Although climate change was designated as a ‘priority’ of the G8 Summit, many NGOs and civil society groups doubted from the beginning that the discussions would end in agreement, let alone action. As Dr. Rajendra K. Pachuauri, Chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, “Frank ...
... Although climate change was designated as a ‘priority’ of the G8 Summit, many NGOs and civil society groups doubted from the beginning that the discussions would end in agreement, let alone action. As Dr. Rajendra K. Pachuauri, Chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, “Frank ...
Climate change: the ultimate `tragedy of the commons`? Jouni
... Robert Falkner, Lin Ostrom, Kerry Smith and James van Alstine for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. ...
... Robert Falkner, Lin Ostrom, Kerry Smith and James van Alstine for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. ...
The influence of constrained fossil fuel emissions scenarios on
... similar to those observed in the real world climate. Koutsoyiannis (2010) proposed that a stochastic approach using a deterministic dynamic model within a Monte Carlo framework (to account for inherent lack of precision and accuracy in values such as initial conditions) can be considered an “all-tim ...
... similar to those observed in the real world climate. Koutsoyiannis (2010) proposed that a stochastic approach using a deterministic dynamic model within a Monte Carlo framework (to account for inherent lack of precision and accuracy in values such as initial conditions) can be considered an “all-tim ...
Climate change impacts on coastal fisheries and
... Feng 2013). This type of short-term extreme can have devastating long-term impacts, as species respond to breaching of resilience thresholds (e.g. corals in Ainsworth et al. (2016)). A similar, but perhaps more destructive, marine heatwave (consecutive months of record high temperatures) is currentl ...
... Feng 2013). This type of short-term extreme can have devastating long-term impacts, as species respond to breaching of resilience thresholds (e.g. corals in Ainsworth et al. (2016)). A similar, but perhaps more destructive, marine heatwave (consecutive months of record high temperatures) is currentl ...
From convergence to contention: United States mass media representations of
... While it can be challenging to appropriately characterise and delineate general views in a broadly construed ‘scientific community’, the collaboration of top climate scientists from around the world through the United Nations-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents a uniq ...
... While it can be challenging to appropriately characterise and delineate general views in a broadly construed ‘scientific community’, the collaboration of top climate scientists from around the world through the United Nations-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents a uniq ...
AIACC Regional Study Abstracts
... and communities in Nigeria and Mali will be selected for inclusion in the project and will be stratified into levels of drought severity based on existing indices and stakeholder consultation. Combining climate data from historical and baseline records, and non-climate data that will be obtained thr ...
... and communities in Nigeria and Mali will be selected for inclusion in the project and will be stratified into levels of drought severity based on existing indices and stakeholder consultation. Combining climate data from historical and baseline records, and non-climate data that will be obtained thr ...
Shalin Kolkata
... Nations Conference on Environment and Development’ in 1992 in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil – a conference popularly known as the “Rio Earth Summit”. That agreement was “The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” (UNFCCC). ...
... Nations Conference on Environment and Development’ in 1992 in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil – a conference popularly known as the “Rio Earth Summit”. That agreement was “The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” (UNFCCC). ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... the troposphere. The concentrations vary greatly in space and time, and local sources are important. Furthermore, these aerosols can produce either warming or cooling, depending on their concentration, color, size and vertical distribution. It is not now possible definitively to determine their role ...
... the troposphere. The concentrations vary greatly in space and time, and local sources are important. Furthermore, these aerosols can produce either warming or cooling, depending on their concentration, color, size and vertical distribution. It is not now possible definitively to determine their role ...
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
Adaptation Planning In New York City
... 100 miles north of New York City (NYC DEP, 2008) would be of interest to managers of only a small but important subset of infrastructure—reservoirs and water tunnels. Such a fine-scale assessment would benefit from more complex downscaling approaches than those applied here. ...
... 100 miles north of New York City (NYC DEP, 2008) would be of interest to managers of only a small but important subset of infrastructure—reservoirs and water tunnels. Such a fine-scale assessment would benefit from more complex downscaling approaches than those applied here. ...
Hollowed et al. 2009
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy
... greenhouse gases. Compared to a particular reduction achieved by CO2 cuts alone, inclusion of the nonCO2 abatement options available could reduce the carbon-equivalent price of such a policy by two-thirds. This large contribution of the non-CO2 gases, and their potential effect on lowering the cost ...
... greenhouse gases. Compared to a particular reduction achieved by CO2 cuts alone, inclusion of the nonCO2 abatement options available could reduce the carbon-equivalent price of such a policy by two-thirds. This large contribution of the non-CO2 gases, and their potential effect on lowering the cost ...
PDF
... change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. And policy action to facilitate adaptation will for the most part be of a similar type as government reactions to other societal needs. It is also clear that benefit-cost ratios will in aggregate be po ...
... change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. And policy action to facilitate adaptation will for the most part be of a similar type as government reactions to other societal needs. It is also clear that benefit-cost ratios will in aggregate be po ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.