39_219_130990670009423533-Submission to UNFCCC Feb 03
... equator gives it an annual bimodal rainfall regime, and the two rain seasons merge into one long rainy season as you move northwards from the equator. The first rainy season ranges from March to June, while the second one ranges from August to November. The rainfall level ranges from 400 to 2200 mm ...
... equator gives it an annual bimodal rainfall regime, and the two rain seasons merge into one long rainy season as you move northwards from the equator. The first rainy season ranges from March to June, while the second one ranges from August to November. The rainfall level ranges from 400 to 2200 mm ...
!["The Ethics of Geoengineering" [Working Draft]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017218717_1-5163c0370c435bba986efb4c1c6c458b-300x300.png)
Effects of systematic biases in the stratosphere on the tropospheric
... 3. Coupled atmosphere ocean simulations Coupled atmosphere ocean simulations were performed for constant pre-industrial boundary conditions. A 100 year portion of an existing preindustrial control simulations made for CMIP3/IPCC-AR4 is used here as a reference for the climate of the low top climate ...
... 3. Coupled atmosphere ocean simulations Coupled atmosphere ocean simulations were performed for constant pre-industrial boundary conditions. A 100 year portion of an existing preindustrial control simulations made for CMIP3/IPCC-AR4 is used here as a reference for the climate of the low top climate ...
Turning Up the Heat - Environmental Investigation Agency
... HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) and their by-product, HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), which have global warming potentials (GWP) ranging from 1,000 to over 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide, respectively.8 HCFCs were introduced under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer as ...
... HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) and their by-product, HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), which have global warming potentials (GWP) ranging from 1,000 to over 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide, respectively.8 HCFCs were introduced under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer as ...
Climate change impacts on glacial lakes and glacierized basins in
... trend in annual maximum temperatures from 0.06 to 0.12oC year-1 after 1977 for the middle mountains and Himalayan regions of Nepal. Another study of average annual temperature for 15 stations above 1800 m in Nepal has reported an annual increase of over 0.1oC year-1 for the period 1976–1996. (Rees & ...
... trend in annual maximum temperatures from 0.06 to 0.12oC year-1 after 1977 for the middle mountains and Himalayan regions of Nepal. Another study of average annual temperature for 15 stations above 1800 m in Nepal has reported an annual increase of over 0.1oC year-1 for the period 1976–1996. (Rees & ...
How increasing CO2 leads to an increased negative greenhouse
... to space is commonly less than the surface emission. However, this does not hold true for the high elevated areas of central Antarctica. For this region, the emission to space is higher than the surface emission; and the greenhouse effect of CO2 is around zero or even negative, which has not been di ...
... to space is commonly less than the surface emission. However, this does not hold true for the high elevated areas of central Antarctica. For this region, the emission to space is higher than the surface emission; and the greenhouse effect of CO2 is around zero or even negative, which has not been di ...
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions in Africa
... C emissions from land use change and forestry were determined with data and a C tracking model as described in an earlier analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa (Houghton and Hackler, 2006). The model is a bookkeeping model based on a series of response curves that track the carbon in living vegetation, dea ...
... C emissions from land use change and forestry were determined with data and a C tracking model as described in an earlier analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa (Houghton and Hackler, 2006). The model is a bookkeeping model based on a series of response curves that track the carbon in living vegetation, dea ...
Taking Climate Change by Storm: Theorizing Global and Local Policy-Making in
... coordination problems, the science of climate change has a much higher degree of uncertainty. These trends are even more accentuated with respect to the scientific understanding of extreme climate events and the likelihood of political coordination at various scales. The main contribution of this Ar ...
... coordination problems, the science of climate change has a much higher degree of uncertainty. These trends are even more accentuated with respect to the scientific understanding of extreme climate events and the likelihood of political coordination at various scales. The main contribution of this Ar ...
New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law
... see Clive Hamilton Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change (Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2010). 12 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2014). The report states at 5: "It is extremely likely [95 p ...
... see Clive Hamilton Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change (Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2010). 12 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2014). The report states at 5: "It is extremely likely [95 p ...
What satellites tell us about the global carbon budget
... Co-located with aboveground carbon density ...
... Co-located with aboveground carbon density ...
The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate
... negative macroeconomic impacts of climate change mitigation, one could argue, by construction.6 In both these approaches, which together represent the current methodological standard, the assumptions about the nature of agents make the optimisation problem involved tractable. These assumptions about ...
... negative macroeconomic impacts of climate change mitigation, one could argue, by construction.6 In both these approaches, which together represent the current methodological standard, the assumptions about the nature of agents make the optimisation problem involved tractable. These assumptions about ...
PDF
... on biodiversity services in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) economic assessment. Although it uses a general equilibrium model, the assessment is partial as we focus on the economic value transfer of a set of services provided by selected ecosystems restricted to the context of the European Un ...
... on biodiversity services in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) economic assessment. Although it uses a general equilibrium model, the assessment is partial as we focus on the economic value transfer of a set of services provided by selected ecosystems restricted to the context of the European Un ...
Climate Change Indicators in the United States
... data availability. For each indicator, this report presents one or more graphics showing trends over time; a list of key points; and text that describes how the indicator relates to climate change, how the indicator was developed, and any factors that might contribute to uncertainty in the trend or ...
... data availability. For each indicator, this report presents one or more graphics showing trends over time; a list of key points; and text that describes how the indicator relates to climate change, how the indicator was developed, and any factors that might contribute to uncertainty in the trend or ...
I am sorry to say that global warming is not just "hot air"
... Between the absorptions of water vapor and those of carbon dioxide, there is an atmospheric window where, prior to the industrial era, no infrared radiation was trapped, lying between 8 and 15 micrometres. Compounds such as perflurocarbons (CF4, C2F6 etc.), chlorofluorocarbons, halons and SF6 absorb ...
... Between the absorptions of water vapor and those of carbon dioxide, there is an atmospheric window where, prior to the industrial era, no infrared radiation was trapped, lying between 8 and 15 micrometres. Compounds such as perflurocarbons (CF4, C2F6 etc.), chlorofluorocarbons, halons and SF6 absorb ...
Effect of outdoor temperature, heat primes and anchoring on belief
... outdoor temperature conditions. This convenience sampling approach resulted in outdoor temperatures which ranged from 30 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit (M ¼ 59.01, SD ¼ 15.00). During each session, participants completed a brief questionnaire assessing their belief in global warming and provided demograph ...
... outdoor temperature conditions. This convenience sampling approach resulted in outdoor temperatures which ranged from 30 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit (M ¼ 59.01, SD ¼ 15.00). During each session, participants completed a brief questionnaire assessing their belief in global warming and provided demograph ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHERN AFRICA
... long-term values of the atmospheric variables). It resolves the slow tropical dynamics; the extratropical synoptic fluxes of heat and moisture are parameterized as diffusion terms. The vertical structures of temperature and specific humidity and the atmospheric mean meridional circulation are parame ...
... long-term values of the atmospheric variables). It resolves the slow tropical dynamics; the extratropical synoptic fluxes of heat and moisture are parameterized as diffusion terms. The vertical structures of temperature and specific humidity and the atmospheric mean meridional circulation are parame ...
Climate Change and National Security
... warning about the potential security consequences of global warming, but the proposed solutions that accompanied recent efforts have emphasized broader climate policy rather than specific responses to security threats. Because the links between climate change and national security are worthy of conc ...
... warning about the potential security consequences of global warming, but the proposed solutions that accompanied recent efforts have emphasized broader climate policy rather than specific responses to security threats. Because the links between climate change and national security are worthy of conc ...
Climate Change and International Protocols
... concluded that GHG emissions from human activities were substantially increasing atmospheric concentrations which would enhance the greenhouse effect and result in additional global warming. In response to this report, the United Nations General Assembly initiated negotiations in 1990 on what would ...
... concluded that GHG emissions from human activities were substantially increasing atmospheric concentrations which would enhance the greenhouse effect and result in additional global warming. In response to this report, the United Nations General Assembly initiated negotiations in 1990 on what would ...
Frontlines of Climate Change
... brought home. It’s real, it’s happening now and it’s going to get worse. Warmer winters and wilder weather have already affected our ability to travel on the land and sea and impacted both traditional and modern economies. From slumping river banks to receding sea ice, the effects of global warming ...
... brought home. It’s real, it’s happening now and it’s going to get worse. Warmer winters and wilder weather have already affected our ability to travel on the land and sea and impacted both traditional and modern economies. From slumping river banks to receding sea ice, the effects of global warming ...
Build A Unit! Unit Planning Pack with Resources Subject Area/Grade
... history of how they were formed as well as on the elements of which they are composed. Their abundance ranges from rare to almost unlimited. But the difficulty of extracting them from the environment is as important an issue as their abundance. A wide variety of minerals are sources for essential in ...
... history of how they were formed as well as on the elements of which they are composed. Their abundance ranges from rare to almost unlimited. But the difficulty of extracting them from the environment is as important an issue as their abundance. A wide variety of minerals are sources for essential in ...
first biennial report of the united states of america
... from all sectors of the economy, and including all primary GHGs (carbon dioxide [CO2], CH4, nitrous oxide [N2O], HFCs, perfluorocarbons [PFCs], sulfur hexafluoride [SF6], and nitrogen trifluoride [NF3]) (Table 1). This inventory-based accounting approach means that the U.S. goal is truly comprehensi ...
... from all sectors of the economy, and including all primary GHGs (carbon dioxide [CO2], CH4, nitrous oxide [N2O], HFCs, perfluorocarbons [PFCs], sulfur hexafluoride [SF6], and nitrogen trifluoride [NF3]) (Table 1). This inventory-based accounting approach means that the U.S. goal is truly comprehensi ...
me495e
... ruminant products whose production generates especially large contributions to GHG emissions, and in the design of national and international food system governance. Identifying and supporting food production and distribution practices that are more resource efficient and have fewer environmental ex ...
... ruminant products whose production generates especially large contributions to GHG emissions, and in the design of national and international food system governance. Identifying and supporting food production and distribution practices that are more resource efficient and have fewer environmental ex ...
Sea-Level Rise Estimates for New Brunswick Municipalities
... West Antarctica and Greenland, sea levels along most coasts of Atlantic Canada are rising due to the fact that these coastlines are very slowly sinking (up to a few tenths of meters per century). This factor relates to a rebound of the earth’s crust (a maximum rebound in the Hudson Bay area) and a c ...
... West Antarctica and Greenland, sea levels along most coasts of Atlantic Canada are rising due to the fact that these coastlines are very slowly sinking (up to a few tenths of meters per century). This factor relates to a rebound of the earth’s crust (a maximum rebound in the Hudson Bay area) and a c ...
editorial: protected areas as natural solutions to climate change
... areas, protected areas are some of the few remaining, or even the only remaining, natural habitats to supply these needs. Protected areas are also important in building the resilience of biomes that underpin global climate stability and support livelihoods in a climate change context, such as the Am ...
... areas, protected areas are some of the few remaining, or even the only remaining, natural habitats to supply these needs. Protected areas are also important in building the resilience of biomes that underpin global climate stability and support livelihoods in a climate change context, such as the Am ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.