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... Adapting to Climate Change: An analysis under uncertainty David García-León∗ December 9, 2015 ...
... Adapting to Climate Change: An analysis under uncertainty David García-León∗ December 9, 2015 ...
What is the Paris Agreement, and How Will It Be Implemented?
... and has since become the “foundation for the global climate effort” (“Paris Climate Agreement Q&A”). The main goal of the UNFCCC was, and still is, to lower greenhouse gas emissions to a point that the emissions would not affect the weather or climate (“Climate: Get the Big Picture”). In addition, t ...
... and has since become the “foundation for the global climate effort” (“Paris Climate Agreement Q&A”). The main goal of the UNFCCC was, and still is, to lower greenhouse gas emissions to a point that the emissions would not affect the weather or climate (“Climate: Get the Big Picture”). In addition, t ...
Public Health: Adapting to Climate Change
... Climate change is projected to have sweeping adverse effects on the Earth, imposing diverse threats to ecosystems and people. The threats extend to the health of the public, with warming of the planet projected to have positive and negative consequences that will vary temporally and spatially. Al ...
... Climate change is projected to have sweeping adverse effects on the Earth, imposing diverse threats to ecosystems and people. The threats extend to the health of the public, with warming of the planet projected to have positive and negative consequences that will vary temporally and spatially. Al ...
Simulations show decreasing carbon stocks and potential for carbon
... which forests grow (Jones and Mann 2004). There is evidence that forests have already responded to these reported climatic changes (Boisvenue and Running 2006), and climatic changes are predicted to intensify in the coming decades (IPCC 2007). The recent Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (I ...
... which forests grow (Jones and Mann 2004). There is evidence that forests have already responded to these reported climatic changes (Boisvenue and Running 2006), and climatic changes are predicted to intensify in the coming decades (IPCC 2007). The recent Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (I ...
Iceland`s Climate Change Strategy - Ministry for the Environment
... first, scientists are of the opinion that it is necessary to reduce GHG emissions on a global level in coming decades in order to prevent hazardous changes in climate on Earth; and second, developed nations such as Iceland should be in the vanguard in achieving that reduction. Emphasis is placed on ...
... first, scientists are of the opinion that it is necessary to reduce GHG emissions on a global level in coming decades in order to prevent hazardous changes in climate on Earth; and second, developed nations such as Iceland should be in the vanguard in achieving that reduction. Emphasis is placed on ...
Development of new parametrisations and sub - HiGEM
... emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the surface into a 300km box, say, could have a completely different effect compared with emissions treated at higher resolution. During the coming century the atmosphere will be subjected to increased emissions of a variety of chemically and radiatively ac ...
... emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the surface into a 300km box, say, could have a completely different effect compared with emissions treated at higher resolution. During the coming century the atmosphere will be subjected to increased emissions of a variety of chemically and radiatively ac ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Aral Sea and Its Basin
... Warming of the global climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level (IPCC, WGI 2007). The last two decades appear to be the warmest years in the inst ...
... Warming of the global climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level (IPCC, WGI 2007). The last two decades appear to be the warmest years in the inst ...
Proposal for a poverty-adaptation-mitigation window - HAL
... the last 20 years, from 47 % of the population in 1990 to 22 % in 2014, 1.2 billion people still live with less than $1.25 a day : 400 million in India, 400 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 150 million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to sat ...
... the last 20 years, from 47 % of the population in 1990 to 22 % in 2014, 1.2 billion people still live with less than $1.25 a day : 400 million in India, 400 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 150 million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to sat ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... the variation. She found that the 2003 European heat wave stands out as an extreme early harvest (i.e., the warmest summer) going back 500 years. Although such lengthy observational records are extremely rare, these two unrelated plants on opposite sides of the world add an important historical pers ...
... the variation. She found that the 2003 European heat wave stands out as an extreme early harvest (i.e., the warmest summer) going back 500 years. Although such lengthy observational records are extremely rare, these two unrelated plants on opposite sides of the world add an important historical pers ...
Proposal for the creation of a poverty-adaptation - Hal-SHS
... the last 20 years, from 47 % of the population in 1990 to 22 % in 2014, 1.2 billion people still live with less than $1.25 a day : 400 million in India, 400 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 150 million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to sat ...
... the last 20 years, from 47 % of the population in 1990 to 22 % in 2014, 1.2 billion people still live with less than $1.25 a day : 400 million in India, 400 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 150 million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to sat ...
Academic paper : Effects of global climate change on marine
... possibly complete breakdown, of the thermohaline circulation, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean ...
... possibly complete breakdown, of the thermohaline circulation, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean ...
emissions - Alan Robock
... -4backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global average surface air temperature, so it would in theory be ...
... -4backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global average surface air temperature, so it would in theory be ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... the variation. She found that the 2003 European heat wave stands out as an extreme early harvest (i.e., the warmest summer) going back 500 years. Although such lengthy observational records are extremely rare, these two unrelated plants on opposite sides of the world add an important historical pers ...
... the variation. She found that the 2003 European heat wave stands out as an extreme early harvest (i.e., the warmest summer) going back 500 years. Although such lengthy observational records are extremely rare, these two unrelated plants on opposite sides of the world add an important historical pers ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES John Whalley Working Paper 17498
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
here. - APSIM
... mays) in the US corn belt increase in future [CO2] rich atmospheres? An analysis of diurnal courses of CO2 uptake under free-air concentration enrichment (FACE). Global Change Biology, 10, 951–962. Li FY, Newton PCD, Lieffering M (2014) Testing simulations of intra- and inter-annual variation in the ...
... mays) in the US corn belt increase in future [CO2] rich atmospheres? An analysis of diurnal courses of CO2 uptake under free-air concentration enrichment (FACE). Global Change Biology, 10, 951–962. Li FY, Newton PCD, Lieffering M (2014) Testing simulations of intra- and inter-annual variation in the ...
A Self-Assessment to Address Climate Change Readiness
... A!Self"Assessment!to!Address!Climate!Change! Readiness!in!Your!Community! Communities!within!the!Midwest!have!and!always!will!be!impacted!by!climate,!whether!it!is!an! extreme!rainfall!event,!drought,!intense!heat!wave,!or!some!other!type!of!event.!!Climatologists! have!found!that!the!climate!in!th ...
... A!Self"Assessment!to!Address!Climate!Change! Readiness!in!Your!Community! Communities!within!the!Midwest!have!and!always!will!be!impacted!by!climate,!whether!it!is!an! extreme!rainfall!event,!drought,!intense!heat!wave,!or!some!other!type!of!event.!!Climatologists! have!found!that!the!climate!in!th ...
Effects of sea surface warming on marine plankton
... plankton depends on the nutrient regime, and provide a mechanistic basis for understanding global change in marine ecosystems. Keywords Climate warming, mesocosm experiment, phytoplankton, POTSMOM-C. Ecology Letters (2014) ...
... plankton depends on the nutrient regime, and provide a mechanistic basis for understanding global change in marine ecosystems. Keywords Climate warming, mesocosm experiment, phytoplankton, POTSMOM-C. Ecology Letters (2014) ...
PDF
... ITCZ trails the position of maximum surface heating associated with the north/south displacement of the overhead position of the sun, the equatorial region have two rainy seasons while most of the other regions of the continent have only one distinct rainy period during the year (ibid.). Despite the ...
... ITCZ trails the position of maximum surface heating associated with the north/south displacement of the overhead position of the sun, the equatorial region have two rainy seasons while most of the other regions of the continent have only one distinct rainy period during the year (ibid.). Despite the ...
Changing climate and rising seas - Parliamentary Commissioner for
... The level of the sea is constantly changing everywhere on Earth as tides rise and fall in predictable patterns. Both the timing and height of high tides are forecast accurately because they depend on the relative positions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. However, tides are just variations on av ...
... The level of the sea is constantly changing everywhere on Earth as tides rise and fall in predictable patterns. Both the timing and height of high tides are forecast accurately because they depend on the relative positions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. However, tides are just variations on av ...
Natural Variability, Anthropogenic Climate Change, and Impacts on
... a major portion of the heavy precipitation events were produced by landfalling AR events, with the remainder resulting mostly from other forms of persistent low-pressure systems. Characteristics of individual storms matter greatly in determining the amount and form of the annual supply of precipitat ...
... a major portion of the heavy precipitation events were produced by landfalling AR events, with the remainder resulting mostly from other forms of persistent low-pressure systems. Characteristics of individual storms matter greatly in determining the amount and form of the annual supply of precipitat ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence Question and Response
... The Committee intends to draw primarily on the work of the IPCC, as published in the Fifth Assessment Report, in assessing the implications of climate science for the budget advice The Committee’s advice is based on a climate objective to limit central estimates of temperature rise to as close to 2 ...
... The Committee intends to draw primarily on the work of the IPCC, as published in the Fifth Assessment Report, in assessing the implications of climate science for the budget advice The Committee’s advice is based on a climate objective to limit central estimates of temperature rise to as close to 2 ...
Climate Change Impacts on Water and Security
... Decreasing access to water resources and other related factors could be a cause or a ‘multiplier’ of tensions within and between countries. Whether security threats arise from climate impacts – or options for cooperation evolve – does not depend only on the severity of the impacts themselves, but on ...
... Decreasing access to water resources and other related factors could be a cause or a ‘multiplier’ of tensions within and between countries. Whether security threats arise from climate impacts – or options for cooperation evolve – does not depend only on the severity of the impacts themselves, but on ...
Chapter 7 CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL POLICY AND GLOBAL
... The best current estimates of the global threat are dire and are well known (see Metz 2010 for a clear and comprehensive analysis). The target agreed at the COP 17 (Conference of the Parties) meeting in Durban is that the rise in global temperature since the industrial revolution should not exceed 2 ...
... The best current estimates of the global threat are dire and are well known (see Metz 2010 for a clear and comprehensive analysis). The target agreed at the COP 17 (Conference of the Parties) meeting in Durban is that the rise in global temperature since the industrial revolution should not exceed 2 ...
Altai Sayan Ecoregion
... Though there may not have been an overall tendency for heavy droughts or periods of extreme humidity on a broad scale from 1900 to 1995, nevertheless in some regions of Asia and Africa in the 1990s there was a significant increase in the periodicity and intensity of droughts. There were particular c ...
... Though there may not have been an overall tendency for heavy droughts or periods of extreme humidity on a broad scale from 1900 to 1995, nevertheless in some regions of Asia and Africa in the 1990s there was a significant increase in the periodicity and intensity of droughts. There were particular c ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.