Technical Description of Climate Change Research Programme (CCRP) Call for Fellowships
... Information on current research projects being supported by the CCRP programme is available on the EPA website (www.epa.ie) and in the document called Summary Description of CCRP Grant Awards 2007. Enquiries on the CCRP Research Fellowship Call 2009 should be addressed to: [email protected] 7 F ...
... Information on current research projects being supported by the CCRP programme is available on the EPA website (www.epa.ie) and in the document called Summary Description of CCRP Grant Awards 2007. Enquiries on the CCRP Research Fellowship Call 2009 should be addressed to: [email protected] 7 F ...
Climate Treaties and Enforcement - Yale Center for the Study of
... to rise several metres over many centuries. ‘Abrupt and catastrophic’ climate change is more uncertain, but would cause greater damage, and is more likely to occur as concentrations climb. So, eventually, concentrations must be capped, and this can only be done if emissions are reduced very substant ...
... to rise several metres over many centuries. ‘Abrupt and catastrophic’ climate change is more uncertain, but would cause greater damage, and is more likely to occur as concentrations climb. So, eventually, concentrations must be capped, and this can only be done if emissions are reduced very substant ...
Climate Change in Thailand_TransRe Fact Sheet No.2
... he Thai saying “escape a tiger, meet a crocodile” (English translation: “out of the frying pan, into the fire”) came to life when in 2010 the country was hit by a severe drought (Marks, 2011) and then shattered by a massive flood between August and December 2011 (Okazumi and Nakasu, 2015). The flood ...
... he Thai saying “escape a tiger, meet a crocodile” (English translation: “out of the frying pan, into the fire”) came to life when in 2010 the country was hit by a severe drought (Marks, 2011) and then shattered by a massive flood between August and December 2011 (Okazumi and Nakasu, 2015). The flood ...
Climate change is simple: We do something or we`re
... (http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/12/06/two-degree-global-warminglimit-is-called-a-prescription-for-disaster/). His point is, rather than looking at what models project, we should look at the paleoclimate data from when concentrations were last that high. That data is considerab ...
... (http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/12/06/two-degree-global-warminglimit-is-called-a-prescription-for-disaster/). His point is, rather than looking at what models project, we should look at the paleoclimate data from when concentrations were last that high. That data is considerab ...
PDF
... the same time, detailed analyses of urban greenhouse gas emissions for individual cities suggest that, per capita, urban residents tend to generate a substantially smaller volume of carbon emissions than residents elsewhere in the same country (Dodman, 2009). Indeed, per capita emissions in New Yor ...
... the same time, detailed analyses of urban greenhouse gas emissions for individual cities suggest that, per capita, urban residents tend to generate a substantially smaller volume of carbon emissions than residents elsewhere in the same country (Dodman, 2009). Indeed, per capita emissions in New Yor ...
Public Understanding of Science - Penelope Ironstone
... natural world.16 Recent research also has problematized scientific claims about uncertainty and ignorance in science.17 Within uncertainty discourse, I include the individual or collective claims that scientific knowledge is incomplete about some feature of nature.18 These claims can be explicit, su ...
... natural world.16 Recent research also has problematized scientific claims about uncertainty and ignorance in science.17 Within uncertainty discourse, I include the individual or collective claims that scientific knowledge is incomplete about some feature of nature.18 These claims can be explicit, su ...
18_Lecture_Presentation_PC
... Greenhouse gas concentrations are rising fast Tropospheric ozone levels have risen 36% Halocarbon gases (CFCs) are declining Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas Contributes most to the natural greenhouse effect Concentrations have not changed ...
... Greenhouse gas concentrations are rising fast Tropospheric ozone levels have risen 36% Halocarbon gases (CFCs) are declining Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas Contributes most to the natural greenhouse effect Concentrations have not changed ...
REQUEST FOR CLIMATE SIMULATION LABORATORY
... available that is consistent with this chemistry and includes the effects of ammonia, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. This leaves the ChemWG in an ideal position to address and document its immediate goals through a series of control simulations. a) The radiative impact of ozone. After carb ...
... available that is consistent with this chemistry and includes the effects of ammonia, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. This leaves the ChemWG in an ideal position to address and document its immediate goals through a series of control simulations. a) The radiative impact of ozone. After carb ...
Coping with the uncertainties in the climate change adaptation of
... is much larger than that of uncertainty in damage, which can be seen in Figure 5, the curves of Situation 3 (both uncertainties are included) are close to the curves of Situation 2 (uncertainty caused by climate change is included), but deviate significantly from Situation 1 (uncertainty in damage i ...
... is much larger than that of uncertainty in damage, which can be seen in Figure 5, the curves of Situation 3 (both uncertainties are included) are close to the curves of Situation 2 (uncertainty caused by climate change is included), but deviate significantly from Situation 1 (uncertainty in damage i ...
Recent warming in a 500-year palaeotemperature record from
... alter the pattern and rate of oceanic thermohaline circulation, and thus heat transport and global climate (Broecker and Denton, 1989; Stocker and Wright, 1991; Manabe and Stouffer, 1997). Determining spatial patterns of abrupt climate changes is important in order to identify responsible forcing me ...
... alter the pattern and rate of oceanic thermohaline circulation, and thus heat transport and global climate (Broecker and Denton, 1989; Stocker and Wright, 1991; Manabe and Stouffer, 1997). Determining spatial patterns of abrupt climate changes is important in order to identify responsible forcing me ...
Climate-human-environment interactions: resolving our past
... tabulated categories of learning from the past (Table 2). Following Deevey’s (1969) adage of “coaxing history to conduct experiments”, a wealth of information may be gained from the past through the testing of post hoc hypotheses by modelling. Indeed, where the aim is to explain or evaluate alternat ...
... tabulated categories of learning from the past (Table 2). Following Deevey’s (1969) adage of “coaxing history to conduct experiments”, a wealth of information may be gained from the past through the testing of post hoc hypotheses by modelling. Indeed, where the aim is to explain or evaluate alternat ...
PDF
... on trajectories of emissions, changing risks, cost-benefit analyses, transitions in energy systems and land-use patterns, carbon capture, technological choices, and policy approaches (Calvin et al., 2009; Thomson et al., 2011). Given the large number of potential transformation pathways, the choice ...
... on trajectories of emissions, changing risks, cost-benefit analyses, transitions in energy systems and land-use patterns, carbon capture, technological choices, and policy approaches (Calvin et al., 2009; Thomson et al., 2011). Given the large number of potential transformation pathways, the choice ...
A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data
... In light of the pervasive scientific agreement that humanity is facing a risk from climate change (Anderegg et al., 2010; Cook et al., 2013; Doran and Zimmerman, 2009; Oreskes, 2004), the prominence of contrarian discourse in the media (Boykoff and Boykoff, 2004; Painter and Gavin, 2015) and the poss ...
... In light of the pervasive scientific agreement that humanity is facing a risk from climate change (Anderegg et al., 2010; Cook et al., 2013; Doran and Zimmerman, 2009; Oreskes, 2004), the prominence of contrarian discourse in the media (Boykoff and Boykoff, 2004; Painter and Gavin, 2015) and the poss ...
Global Warming Answers - smallworldbigthoughts-eub-geo
... few hundred years it was warmer than it is now, neither the Maldive atolls nor the Pacific archipelagos were flooded. Global oceanic levels have been rising for some hundreds or thousands of years (the causes of this phenomenon are not clear). In the last 100 years, this increase amounted to 10 cm t ...
... few hundred years it was warmer than it is now, neither the Maldive atolls nor the Pacific archipelagos were flooded. Global oceanic levels have been rising for some hundreds or thousands of years (the causes of this phenomenon are not clear). In the last 100 years, this increase amounted to 10 cm t ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... cushion plants, and bogs) ecosystems of the Andes have received considerably less attention than have the lowland Amazon humid forest in terms of regime shifts. The Andes region harbors more species richness per unit area than the Amazon does (figure 1) and is under heavy human pressure (Buytaert et ...
... cushion plants, and bogs) ecosystems of the Andes have received considerably less attention than have the lowland Amazon humid forest in terms of regime shifts. The Andes region harbors more species richness per unit area than the Amazon does (figure 1) and is under heavy human pressure (Buytaert et ...
Responding to Climate Change: The Three Spheres of
... trajectories of emissions, changing risks, cost-benefit analyses, transitions in energy systems and landuse patterns, carbon capture, technological choices, and policy approaches (Calvin et al., 2009; Thomson et al., 2011). Given the large number of potential transformation pathways, the choice of w ...
... trajectories of emissions, changing risks, cost-benefit analyses, transitions in energy systems and landuse patterns, carbon capture, technological choices, and policy approaches (Calvin et al., 2009; Thomson et al., 2011). Given the large number of potential transformation pathways, the choice of w ...
Climate change and its gendered impacts on agriculture in Vietnam
... cause of climate change is the increase of Green House Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere as a negative result of human activities such as burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) for energy. “According to research by international experts, Vietnam contributes modestly to GHG emissions that cause climat ...
... cause of climate change is the increase of Green House Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere as a negative result of human activities such as burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) for energy. “According to research by international experts, Vietnam contributes modestly to GHG emissions that cause climat ...
i3437e02
... service provision, such as water services, biodiversity protection and carbon capture, can create both social and environmental gains if appropriate incentive mechanisms can be found. This report focuses on the contribution of livestock to climate change. While this is only one of several aspects of ...
... service provision, such as water services, biodiversity protection and carbon capture, can create both social and environmental gains if appropriate incentive mechanisms can be found. This report focuses on the contribution of livestock to climate change. While this is only one of several aspects of ...
Toward Integrated Historical Climate Research
... with policy-driving organisations such as the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Future Earth than historical climatology approaches. However, it has been criticised as downplaying the role of human agency in the past, and for failing to recognise that an individual’s vulnerability ...
... with policy-driving organisations such as the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Future Earth than historical climatology approaches. However, it has been criticised as downplaying the role of human agency in the past, and for failing to recognise that an individual’s vulnerability ...
Climate change and water resources
... properties of the earth’s atmosphere. These gasses allow solar radiation from the sun to travel through the atmosphere but prevent the reflected heat from escaping back into space. This causes the earth’s temperature to rise. GHG emissions have been rising since industrialisation in the 1900s, due t ...
... properties of the earth’s atmosphere. These gasses allow solar radiation from the sun to travel through the atmosphere but prevent the reflected heat from escaping back into space. This causes the earth’s temperature to rise. GHG emissions have been rising since industrialisation in the 1900s, due t ...
Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017
... the risk of storm surge events for Caribbean states, which will further exacerbate risks to biodiversity, settlements and infrastructure across Caribbean states. In the future, a tendency towards both more dry spells and extreme rainfall events is projected, increasing risks from drought, as well as ...
... the risk of storm surge events for Caribbean states, which will further exacerbate risks to biodiversity, settlements and infrastructure across Caribbean states. In the future, a tendency towards both more dry spells and extreme rainfall events is projected, increasing risks from drought, as well as ...
2. Low Carbon Cities – The National Context
... called on all nations to join in support of the international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with developed countries taking stronger action. Furthermore, the conference also agreed that the time for countries like South Africa to take further action on the basis of differentiated respon ...
... called on all nations to join in support of the international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with developed countries taking stronger action. Furthermore, the conference also agreed that the time for countries like South Africa to take further action on the basis of differentiated respon ...
Using Data from Climate Science to Teach Introductory Statistics
... of this example is to avoid unnecessary complexity. If, however, instructors believe their students will benefit from a more realistic example, the AGGI can be used to replace carbon dioxide concentration as an explanatory variable for temperature with very similar results to those reported in this ...
... of this example is to avoid unnecessary complexity. If, however, instructors believe their students will benefit from a more realistic example, the AGGI can be used to replace carbon dioxide concentration as an explanatory variable for temperature with very similar results to those reported in this ...
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change
... between total emissions derived from background atmospheric changes1 and emissions needed to sustain late-Holocene mixing ratios of 255–270 p.p.b. (refs 15, 32), assuming an uncertainty in lifetime of 65%. b, Emissions by compound and sector (note scale change). Emissions associated with different s ...
... between total emissions derived from background atmospheric changes1 and emissions needed to sustain late-Holocene mixing ratios of 255–270 p.p.b. (refs 15, 32), assuming an uncertainty in lifetime of 65%. b, Emissions by compound and sector (note scale change). Emissions associated with different s ...
Climatic warming strengthens a positive feedback between alpine
... In alpine and arctic ecosystems, warming experiments and long-term monitoring have documented significant increases in the growth and cover of woody species (Sturm et al., 2001; Walker et al., 2006; Myers-Smith et al., 2011). The frequency and extent of wildfires in these environments have also incr ...
... In alpine and arctic ecosystems, warming experiments and long-term monitoring have documented significant increases in the growth and cover of woody species (Sturm et al., 2001; Walker et al., 2006; Myers-Smith et al., 2011). The frequency and extent of wildfires in these environments have also incr ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.