Greenhouse warming by nitrous oxide and methane in the
... They concluded that putting the cloud layer at the surface, as we do, may overestimate the additional warming of other greenhouse gases by as much as 25%. The reason is that the 8–12 lm window region is partially blocked by cloud absorption in the real atmosphere; hence, when that region is assumed ...
... They concluded that putting the cloud layer at the surface, as we do, may overestimate the additional warming of other greenhouse gases by as much as 25%. The reason is that the 8–12 lm window region is partially blocked by cloud absorption in the real atmosphere; hence, when that region is assumed ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... million cataract cases by that year—figures that would be cut to 200,000 and two million, respectively, by a 50% CFC reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the a ...
... million cataract cases by that year—figures that would be cut to 200,000 and two million, respectively, by a 50% CFC reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the a ...
An intercomparison of observed and simulated extreme rainfall and
... changes in variability and hence extreme events that could accompany global climate change. Short-scale extreme events have long been of interest to meteorologists because most of the meteorological-related human and monetary costs are usually incurred during the brief periods of these short-term ev ...
... changes in variability and hence extreme events that could accompany global climate change. Short-scale extreme events have long been of interest to meteorologists because most of the meteorological-related human and monetary costs are usually incurred during the brief periods of these short-term ev ...
evident - Mudanças Climáticas
... changes in variability and hence extreme events that could accompany global climate change. Short-scale extreme events have long been of interest to meteorologists because most of the meteorological-related human and monetary costs are usually incurred during the brief periods of these short-term ev ...
... changes in variability and hence extreme events that could accompany global climate change. Short-scale extreme events have long been of interest to meteorologists because most of the meteorological-related human and monetary costs are usually incurred during the brief periods of these short-term ev ...
SP Booklet2.pub - Beloit College
... “There is no debate among any statured scientists of what is happening… The only debate is the rate at which it [climate change] is happening.” [says James McCarthy, chair advisor of the IPCC]. “While the carbon dioxide high in the upper atmosphere acts to trap heat inside the global greenhouse, the ...
... “There is no debate among any statured scientists of what is happening… The only debate is the rate at which it [climate change] is happening.” [says James McCarthy, chair advisor of the IPCC]. “While the carbon dioxide high in the upper atmosphere acts to trap heat inside the global greenhouse, the ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America
... on the projected changes in precipitation, as will be discussed later. The annual mean SLP changes suggest a marked poleward shift in the large-scale circulation patterns. This behavior is consistent with the multi-model mean changes shown in Meehl et al. (2007), where the changes of SLP projected u ...
... on the projected changes in precipitation, as will be discussed later. The annual mean SLP changes suggest a marked poleward shift in the large-scale circulation patterns. This behavior is consistent with the multi-model mean changes shown in Meehl et al. (2007), where the changes of SLP projected u ...
Likely Impacts on New Zealand Agriculture
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
effects of changing climate on weather and human activities
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
NVCA Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan Milestone 1
... that temperatures globally have been rising since the late 19th century and even more notably since the late 1940s onwards: …each of the past three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than all previous decades in the instrumental record.1 Reconstruction of past climates using ...
... that temperatures globally have been rising since the late 19th century and even more notably since the late 1940s onwards: …each of the past three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than all previous decades in the instrumental record.1 Reconstruction of past climates using ...
Ecosystems
... Key Issues - Species Extinctions Global extinction is a critical issue: Biodiversity is “very likely” linked to ecosystem functioning and maintenance of ecosystem services. What extinctions are critical for ecosystem functioning? ...
... Key Issues - Species Extinctions Global extinction is a critical issue: Biodiversity is “very likely” linked to ecosystem functioning and maintenance of ecosystem services. What extinctions are critical for ecosystem functioning? ...
Climate change as a driver of change in the Great Lakes St
... Governance and geopolitics are keys to addressing climate change through policy creation at the global level. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the associated Kyoto Protocol are the most significant global policy initiatives. The UNFCCC has 195 signatories, inclu ...
... Governance and geopolitics are keys to addressing climate change through policy creation at the global level. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the associated Kyoto Protocol are the most significant global policy initiatives. The UNFCCC has 195 signatories, inclu ...
Expansion of the Tropics – Evidence and implications
... between Tropics and extratropics (areas outside the tropical zone) in studies was problematic, and that widening trends were particularly sensitive to changes in the tropopause height threshold. Additionally, a number of studies have identified shifts and changes in intensity in tropical circulation ...
... between Tropics and extratropics (areas outside the tropical zone) in studies was problematic, and that widening trends were particularly sensitive to changes in the tropopause height threshold. Additionally, a number of studies have identified shifts and changes in intensity in tropical circulation ...
Alberto Montanari - University of Bologna
... Direct surface warming from 2xCO2 is only 0.6 deg C (about 1 deg. F) Thus, climate models have net POSITIVE feedbacks (they respond to a warming tendency with changes that amplify the 1 deg. F CO2-only warming). There is a WIDE range of warming estimates, illustrating substantial uncertainty (mainly ...
... Direct surface warming from 2xCO2 is only 0.6 deg C (about 1 deg. F) Thus, climate models have net POSITIVE feedbacks (they respond to a warming tendency with changes that amplify the 1 deg. F CO2-only warming). There is a WIDE range of warming estimates, illustrating substantial uncertainty (mainly ...
Greenhouse Gangsters vs. Climate Justice
... activities. Industrial society is affecting the climate by releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As industrial activities have increased, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have also increased, upsetting the natural balance of gases. The primary greenhous ...
... activities. Industrial society is affecting the climate by releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As industrial activities have increased, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have also increased, upsetting the natural balance of gases. The primary greenhous ...
Slide 1
... A few of the resources available on the web: http://pmindia.nic.in/climate_change.htm http://www.ipcc.ch http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change http://www.climatecrisis.net “Will Jellyfish rule the world”; Hickman, L.; Puffin, India ...
... A few of the resources available on the web: http://pmindia.nic.in/climate_change.htm http://www.ipcc.ch http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change http://www.climatecrisis.net “Will Jellyfish rule the world”; Hickman, L.; Puffin, India ...
- Wiley Online Library
... stability of Earth’s climate is due to the principle that warmer bodies radiate more energy, thereby balancing the forcing. The net feedback depends on how this response is modified by other processes [Dufresne and Saint-Lu, 2016]. As was already appreciated in the first attempt to calculate the sensi ...
... stability of Earth’s climate is due to the principle that warmer bodies radiate more energy, thereby balancing the forcing. The net feedback depends on how this response is modified by other processes [Dufresne and Saint-Lu, 2016]. As was already appreciated in the first attempt to calculate the sensi ...
June 2012 - International Association for Urban Climate
... will have to adapt,” said Hall, an associate professor in UCLA’s Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences who is also a lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, which, among other things, assess global climate-change simulations for the United Nations. “Every seaso ...
... will have to adapt,” said Hall, an associate professor in UCLA’s Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences who is also a lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, which, among other things, assess global climate-change simulations for the United Nations. “Every seaso ...
Crying Wolf: Climate Change Far Greater Threat to Farmers Than
... between 1980 and 2005.14 Increasing frequency of severe weather such as drought and heavy precipitation will lead to greater crop damage, lower yields or even total crop failure. These impacts were all apparent during the major Midwest flood of 2008, when the federal crop insurance program paid out ...
... between 1980 and 2005.14 Increasing frequency of severe weather such as drought and heavy precipitation will lead to greater crop damage, lower yields or even total crop failure. These impacts were all apparent during the major Midwest flood of 2008, when the federal crop insurance program paid out ...
The origin of the savanna biome
... Rundel, 2005). In today’s world, this feedback loop is estimated to maintain more than half of the land surface currently classified as C4 savanna (Bond et al., 2005). Loss of forest cover entrains major changes in the hydrological cycle, slowing evapotranspiration and cloud formation, and reducing ...
... Rundel, 2005). In today’s world, this feedback loop is estimated to maintain more than half of the land surface currently classified as C4 savanna (Bond et al., 2005). Loss of forest cover entrains major changes in the hydrological cycle, slowing evapotranspiration and cloud formation, and reducing ...
k8647e
... particularly in large river basins such as Changjiang, is likely to decrease due to climate change, along with population growth and rising standards of living that could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. Projected sea-level rise is very likely to result in significant losses ...
... particularly in large river basins such as Changjiang, is likely to decrease due to climate change, along with population growth and rising standards of living that could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. Projected sea-level rise is very likely to result in significant losses ...
climate change and emissions pathways
... reasons for concern about climate change (ref. 3 and Fig. 1). Each category represents a semiindependent ‘‘consensus estimate’’ of a metric for measuring ‘‘concern’’ about the climate system. We view these metrics as indicators of the level of global mean temperature change associated with DAI in th ...
... reasons for concern about climate change (ref. 3 and Fig. 1). Each category represents a semiindependent ‘‘consensus estimate’’ of a metric for measuring ‘‘concern’’ about the climate system. We view these metrics as indicators of the level of global mean temperature change associated with DAI in th ...
Combating Climate Change – A Role for UK
... The independent assessment was commissioned by the Forestry Commission to examine the potential of the UK’s trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to our changing climate. It forms part of the UK response to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report published in 2 ...
... The independent assessment was commissioned by the Forestry Commission to examine the potential of the UK’s trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to our changing climate. It forms part of the UK response to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report published in 2 ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.