Future Climate in the Yellowstone National Park Region and Its
... taxa (Overpeck et al. 1991; Huntley et al. 1995). Relationships between present distributions of tree taxa and climate were established on a 25-km grid covering North America by interpolating present climate and by digitizing species range maps from Little (1971) onto the grid. We used “response sur ...
... taxa (Overpeck et al. 1991; Huntley et al. 1995). Relationships between present distributions of tree taxa and climate were established on a 25-km grid covering North America by interpolating present climate and by digitizing species range maps from Little (1971) onto the grid. We used “response sur ...
Climate change impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa
... Regional patterns of climate change Temperature changes Projected warming is slightly less strong than that of the global land area, which is a general feature of the Southern Hemisphere. In the low-emission scenario RCP2.6 (representing a 2 C world), African summer temperatures increase until 2050 ...
... Regional patterns of climate change Temperature changes Projected warming is slightly less strong than that of the global land area, which is a general feature of the Southern Hemisphere. In the low-emission scenario RCP2.6 (representing a 2 C world), African summer temperatures increase until 2050 ...
Northward Shifts of the Distributions of Spanish Reptiles in
... The intercept of the regression line with the y-axis indicates the effective shift in the range, controlled for changes in the area occupied by the species, and the t test indicates whether such a shift differs significantly from zero (Zuckerberg et al. 2009). This method has been widely used to exa ...
... The intercept of the regression line with the y-axis indicates the effective shift in the range, controlled for changes in the area occupied by the species, and the t test indicates whether such a shift differs significantly from zero (Zuckerberg et al. 2009). This method has been widely used to exa ...
Systems Engineering Office for CEOS Constellations
... Disasters: Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human-induced disasters Disaster-induced losses can be reduced through observations relating to hazards such as: wildland fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, subsidence, landslides, avalanches, ice, floods, extreme weather ...
... Disasters: Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human-induced disasters Disaster-induced losses can be reduced through observations relating to hazards such as: wildland fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, subsidence, landslides, avalanches, ice, floods, extreme weather ...
biodiversity and ground-level ozone
... concentrations of O3 can have significant adverse effects on sensitive crops and forests, as well as on native herbaceous species, with consequences for ecosystem structure and function. An extensive evidence base for effects of O3 on temperate and boreal forests has been derived from a combination ...
... concentrations of O3 can have significant adverse effects on sensitive crops and forests, as well as on native herbaceous species, with consequences for ecosystem structure and function. An extensive evidence base for effects of O3 on temperate and boreal forests has been derived from a combination ...
Climate Change Risk Management - American Meteorological Society
... Other experts see climate change as a much more serious risk to society (Barnosky et al. 2012; Hansen et al. 2012; Rockström et al. 2009). The reasons for this include that the changes in climate expected over the next several decades are faster than anything the world has experienced since the star ...
... Other experts see climate change as a much more serious risk to society (Barnosky et al. 2012; Hansen et al. 2012; Rockström et al. 2009). The reasons for this include that the changes in climate expected over the next several decades are faster than anything the world has experienced since the star ...
magnitude and frequency
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
Risks, opportunities, and adaptation to climate change
... 1996). These observed changes led the IPCC to conclude that ‘The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate’. However, while some of the observed change in climate during the past 100 yr was likely due to human activities, it is not yet possible to say how much of t ...
... 1996). These observed changes led the IPCC to conclude that ‘The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate’. However, while some of the observed change in climate during the past 100 yr was likely due to human activities, it is not yet possible to say how much of t ...
PDF
... Another force that might have a big say on poverty outcomes is the attempt to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and their effect on developing countries. Climate change mitigation polices can affect poverty in developing countries either directly or indirectly. A good example of the direct channel is w ...
... Another force that might have a big say on poverty outcomes is the attempt to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and their effect on developing countries. Climate change mitigation polices can affect poverty in developing countries either directly or indirectly. A good example of the direct channel is w ...
The Strategy of Chinese Insurance Industry to Address Global Climate Change
... issued a "weather conditions in 2009," the report noted that over the past 30 years, average global surface and lower troposphere temperatures significantly higher than in previous decades, from 2000 to 2009 is the warmest since instrumental records 10 years. Warming in the Northern Hemisphere, espe ...
... issued a "weather conditions in 2009," the report noted that over the past 30 years, average global surface and lower troposphere temperatures significantly higher than in previous decades, from 2000 to 2009 is the warmest since instrumental records 10 years. Warming in the Northern Hemisphere, espe ...
Dias nummer 1 - Atmospheric Composition Change
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
The pathological history of weather and climate
... Espy viewed the atmosphere as a giant heat engine. According to his thermal theory of storms, all atmospheric disturbances, from thunderstorms to winter storms, are driven by heated updrafts, inwardly rushing air currents, and the release of latent heat. His theory, published as The philosophy of st ...
... Espy viewed the atmosphere as a giant heat engine. According to his thermal theory of storms, all atmospheric disturbances, from thunderstorms to winter storms, are driven by heated updrafts, inwardly rushing air currents, and the release of latent heat. His theory, published as The philosophy of st ...
PowerPoint-presentation
... A. Being able to live with and toward others, to recognize and show concern for other human beings, to engage in various forms of social interaction; to be able to imagine the situation of another. (Protecting this capability means protecting institutions that constitute and nourish such forms of af ...
... A. Being able to live with and toward others, to recognize and show concern for other human beings, to engage in various forms of social interaction; to be able to imagine the situation of another. (Protecting this capability means protecting institutions that constitute and nourish such forms of af ...
Exploring the behaviour of atmospheric temperatures under dry
... Almost 30 European sites have been selected for the statistical interpretation of temperature and precipitation data; the sites have been chosen as a function of the availability of daily data over long time scales (i.e. the 60-year period spanning 1951 through 2010) and their distribution within di ...
... Almost 30 European sites have been selected for the statistical interpretation of temperature and precipitation data; the sites have been chosen as a function of the availability of daily data over long time scales (i.e. the 60-year period spanning 1951 through 2010) and their distribution within di ...
RELEVANT, IMMEDIATE, LOCAL: GUIDE TO
... of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate change is based on belief rather than scientific evidence; and b) there is a debate. These phrases are also often u ...
... of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate change is based on belief rather than scientific evidence; and b) there is a debate. These phrases are also often u ...
CONFRONTING THE CRISIS OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
... Humanity today faces a growing range of global problems that require urgent attention—from the multiple wars and terrorist attacks fueled by violent extremism, repression by autocratic regimes, and conflicts in Africa, Eastern Europe, the Greater Middle East, and elsewhere, to the growing global dan ...
... Humanity today faces a growing range of global problems that require urgent attention—from the multiple wars and terrorist attacks fueled by violent extremism, repression by autocratic regimes, and conflicts in Africa, Eastern Europe, the Greater Middle East, and elsewhere, to the growing global dan ...
The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence
... lthough both are widely used terms, there are surprisingly few published definitions of either ‘‘subsistence agriculture’’ or ‘‘smallholder agriculture.’’ Subsistence farming has been defined by Barnett et al. (1) as ‘‘farming and associated activities which together form a livelihood strategy where ...
... lthough both are widely used terms, there are surprisingly few published definitions of either ‘‘subsistence agriculture’’ or ‘‘smallholder agriculture.’’ Subsistence farming has been defined by Barnett et al. (1) as ‘‘farming and associated activities which together form a livelihood strategy where ...
Climate change: The investment perspective
... • RCP 2.6 — a “severe mitigation” scenario where significant efforts are made to transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources and to try to limit post-industrial global warming to 2°C. • RCP 4.5 — an intermediate scenario with material efforts to reduce emissions. • RCP 6 — a higher ...
... • RCP 2.6 — a “severe mitigation” scenario where significant efforts are made to transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources and to try to limit post-industrial global warming to 2°C. • RCP 4.5 — an intermediate scenario with material efforts to reduce emissions. • RCP 6 — a higher ...
Climate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early
... Australia is one of the many global regions experiencing significant climate change as a result of global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities. The average surface air temperature of Australia increased by 0.7°C over the past century – warming that has been accompanied by marke ...
... Australia is one of the many global regions experiencing significant climate change as a result of global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities. The average surface air temperature of Australia increased by 0.7°C over the past century – warming that has been accompanied by marke ...
Climate change impact in a shallow coastal Mediterranean
... 1. Inflow from Triffa aquifer and Ain Chebbak and Ain Zebda springs; 2. Dissolution of evaporitic layers (mainly gypsum) in the marls, at the southern limit of the aquifer. In some areas the nearly stagnant conditions below the mud layers give rise to salinity values up to 10.5 g/l. 3. Mixing with s ...
... 1. Inflow from Triffa aquifer and Ain Chebbak and Ain Zebda springs; 2. Dissolution of evaporitic layers (mainly gypsum) in the marls, at the southern limit of the aquifer. In some areas the nearly stagnant conditions below the mud layers give rise to salinity values up to 10.5 g/l. 3. Mixing with s ...
Explaining Human Influences on Carbon Dioxide Emissions across
... release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, resulting from such activities as energy production and vehicle traveL This paper examines the factors leading to differences in carbon dioxide emissions among countries, including income, energy use, and government institutions. A cross sectional regr ...
... release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, resulting from such activities as energy production and vehicle traveL This paper examines the factors leading to differences in carbon dioxide emissions among countries, including income, energy use, and government institutions. A cross sectional regr ...
BVOCs emission in a semi-arid grassland under climate warming
... where A. frigida will greatly expand in future, might be an important BVOCs source. At the regional scale, the emission potential of BVOCs is controlled by temperature and species composition (Arneth et al., 2008; Peñuelas and Staudt, 2010), which are greatly affected by global warming and nitrogen ...
... where A. frigida will greatly expand in future, might be an important BVOCs source. At the regional scale, the emission potential of BVOCs is controlled by temperature and species composition (Arneth et al., 2008; Peñuelas and Staudt, 2010), which are greatly affected by global warming and nitrogen ...
Climate Variability and Urbanization in Athens
... summer and fall and hence urbanization increased the maximum temperatures by about 2 C. The minimum air temperature time series do not display any signi®cant trend. We also point out the opposite marches of maximum and minimum temperature between 1970 and 1990: the ®rst is rising while the second ...
... summer and fall and hence urbanization increased the maximum temperatures by about 2 C. The minimum air temperature time series do not display any signi®cant trend. We also point out the opposite marches of maximum and minimum temperature between 1970 and 1990: the ®rst is rising while the second ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... million cataract cases by that year—figures that would be cut to 200,000 and two million, respectively, by a 50% CFC reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the a ...
... million cataract cases by that year—figures that would be cut to 200,000 and two million, respectively, by a 50% CFC reduction.22 Of course it is possible to question these numbers; the science does not allow uncontroversial point estimates here, and perhaps EPA had an interest in showing that the a ...
Greenhouse warming by nitrous oxide and methane in the
... They concluded that putting the cloud layer at the surface, as we do, may overestimate the additional warming of other greenhouse gases by as much as 25%. The reason is that the 8–12 lm window region is partially blocked by cloud absorption in the real atmosphere; hence, when that region is assumed ...
... They concluded that putting the cloud layer at the surface, as we do, may overestimate the additional warming of other greenhouse gases by as much as 25%. The reason is that the 8–12 lm window region is partially blocked by cloud absorption in the real atmosphere; hence, when that region is assumed ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.