Plants and climate change: complexities and
... ‘To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we shall, recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be bel ...
... ‘To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we shall, recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be bel ...
Multi-model trends in the Sahara induced by increasing CO2
... trend in CCSR, CSIR and CSM is more apparent than in PCM and GISS as shown in Figure 3e. The multi-model mean drying is about 1 mm/year by year 70. [18] Three mean surface heat flux components illustrate the processes involved with the mean warming trend and are shown in Figure 3f. The multi-model m ...
... trend in CCSR, CSIR and CSM is more apparent than in PCM and GISS as shown in Figure 3e. The multi-model mean drying is about 1 mm/year by year 70. [18] Three mean surface heat flux components illustrate the processes involved with the mean warming trend and are shown in Figure 3f. The multi-model m ...
Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and... past climate change
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
Atmospheric Sciences:
... Global pattern (large scale, changes over seasons as well as hundreds of years) Regional weather patterns (changes over days to weeks) Severe weather (local, and changes over hours to days) (We will discuss atmospheric circulation at various time scales later.) ...
... Global pattern (large scale, changes over seasons as well as hundreds of years) Regional weather patterns (changes over days to weeks) Severe weather (local, and changes over hours to days) (We will discuss atmospheric circulation at various time scales later.) ...
Assessment of fishers perception in developing
... are of immense importance as they provide livelihood opportunities for a large share of the population. The coastal state of Kerala is situated on the southwest coast of the Indian sub-continent, with an area of about 38,863 square kilometers and has a coastline of 589.5 kms, which apparently forms ...
... are of immense importance as they provide livelihood opportunities for a large share of the population. The coastal state of Kerala is situated on the southwest coast of the Indian sub-continent, with an area of about 38,863 square kilometers and has a coastline of 589.5 kms, which apparently forms ...
Report on Greenpeace NZ Campaign to Raise
... fauna to flourish, and our human population to grow significantly. However, in more recent years, particular during the last five to ten decades the climate balance has been upset due mainly to industrialisation, which has caused an increase in the amount of the amount of greenhouse gases (mainly ca ...
... fauna to flourish, and our human population to grow significantly. However, in more recent years, particular during the last five to ten decades the climate balance has been upset due mainly to industrialisation, which has caused an increase in the amount of the amount of greenhouse gases (mainly ca ...
Silva2013-ERL-APMortality.pdf
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
... the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and ...
The Climate Co-benefits of Obesity Reduction
... 2.1 Increased food production During the second half of the twentieth century, traditional plant-based diets have been replaced by highfat energy dense diets consisting of substantial amounts of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy products (WHO, 2003). Per-capita meat consumption has increas ...
... 2.1 Increased food production During the second half of the twentieth century, traditional plant-based diets have been replaced by highfat energy dense diets consisting of substantial amounts of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy products (WHO, 2003). Per-capita meat consumption has increas ...
External link to publication
... subject to evolving uncertainties about the state of the world and about the responses of policy‐makers ...
... subject to evolving uncertainties about the state of the world and about the responses of policy‐makers ...
the Measurement Problem Advances Pol. Psych. (forthcoming) PRELIMINARY DRAFT
... Indeed, it is obvious that Evolution has no relation to OSI whatsoever in relatively religious respondents. For such individuals, the predicted probability of giving the correct answer does not increase as individuals display a higher degree of science comprehension. On the contrary, it trends sligh ...
... Indeed, it is obvious that Evolution has no relation to OSI whatsoever in relatively religious respondents. For such individuals, the predicted probability of giving the correct answer does not increase as individuals display a higher degree of science comprehension. On the contrary, it trends sligh ...
PDF
... About 38.0% of the respondents had no formal education (Table 1) while 71.0% had secondary and tertiary education. Formal education enables farmers to obtain useful information from bulletins, agricultural newsletter and other sources. However, Agbamu (1996) opined that education level made negative ...
... About 38.0% of the respondents had no formal education (Table 1) while 71.0% had secondary and tertiary education. Formal education enables farmers to obtain useful information from bulletins, agricultural newsletter and other sources. However, Agbamu (1996) opined that education level made negative ...
Future Climate, Hydrology, Vegetation, and Wildfire Projections for
... numerous models to assess the full range of potential future conditions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) uses numerous models to make global climate projections. The models are develo ...
... numerous models to assess the full range of potential future conditions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) uses numerous models to make global climate projections. The models are develo ...
BIODIVERSITY SECTOR RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
... • Succulent Karoo largely persist under all the scenarios. This contrasts with previous predictions from the mid-1990s as newer climate models indicate far smaller impacts on winter rainfall than early models predicted. ...
... • Succulent Karoo largely persist under all the scenarios. This contrasts with previous predictions from the mid-1990s as newer climate models indicate far smaller impacts on winter rainfall than early models predicted. ...
Document
... • the process as a whole would occur over 1000’s of km (a couple of days to oxidize DMS to SO2…transport away from any phytoplankton bloom) • on the whole, is the ocean light or temperature limited? Regional behaviour? • how important is MBL nucleation vs. FT detrainment? • how do sea salt and organ ...
... • the process as a whole would occur over 1000’s of km (a couple of days to oxidize DMS to SO2…transport away from any phytoplankton bloom) • on the whole, is the ocean light or temperature limited? Regional behaviour? • how important is MBL nucleation vs. FT detrainment? • how do sea salt and organ ...
Poverty and Climate Change
... Today, it is widely agreed by the scientific community that climate change is already a reality. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that human activities are altering our climate system and will continue to do so. Over the past century, surface temperatures have incre ...
... Today, it is widely agreed by the scientific community that climate change is already a reality. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that human activities are altering our climate system and will continue to do so. Over the past century, surface temperatures have incre ...
... The analysis of the energy sector has shown that the economic impact of climate change during 2011-2050 is similar under the A2 (US$142.88 million) and B2 (US$134.83 million) scenarios with A2 scenario having a slightly higher cost (0.737% of 2009 GDP) than the B2 scenario (0.695% of 2009 GDP) for t ...
Increasing water cycle extremes in California and in relation to
... question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowmelt4, both of which exacerbate drought conditions. An understandi ...
... question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowmelt4, both of which exacerbate drought conditions. An understandi ...
Importance of stream temperature to climate change impact on water
... growth and oxygen deficits. Water warming decreased dissolved oxygen, increased phytoplankton biomass during the growth period, and reduced it afterwards, when loss factors dominate. It was also shown that these impacts were enhanced when point source inputs of nutrient and organic carbon increased. ...
... growth and oxygen deficits. Water warming decreased dissolved oxygen, increased phytoplankton biomass during the growth period, and reduced it afterwards, when loss factors dominate. It was also shown that these impacts were enhanced when point source inputs of nutrient and organic carbon increased. ...
The benefits of recent warming for maize production in high latitude
... The lack of simulated yield trends in the 2nd-4th zones despite warming reflects the fact that baseline temperatures in 1980s are close to optimum. The simulated gross assimilation and total respiration was constant from 1980 to 2009 (Figure S5). For the 1st zone, simulated grain yield decreased by ...
... The lack of simulated yield trends in the 2nd-4th zones despite warming reflects the fact that baseline temperatures in 1980s are close to optimum. The simulated gross assimilation and total respiration was constant from 1980 to 2009 (Figure S5). For the 1st zone, simulated grain yield decreased by ...
Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions
... atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs. The World Bank (2009) shows that a 1% increase in per capita income leads on average to a 1% increase in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meet ...
... atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs. The World Bank (2009) shows that a 1% increase in per capita income leads on average to a 1% increase in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meet ...
Dynamic and thermodynamic changes in mean and extreme
... of Energy. This work was partially supported by the Research Revolution 2002 (RR2002) of the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan, by the Global Environment Research Fund (GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, and by the U.K. Department of the Environm ...
... of Energy. This work was partially supported by the Research Revolution 2002 (RR2002) of the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan, by the Global Environment Research Fund (GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, and by the U.K. Department of the Environm ...
Task 4.2 Calculation of metrics - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
... Please note that the simulations 3 and 4 for Oslo (shaded area) have been performed for different conditions (4 TgN perturbation instead of 1 TgN) in order to provide some insight into the non-linear behaviour of the system. Even if the model results differ in terms of magnitude of the response, sev ...
... Please note that the simulations 3 and 4 for Oslo (shaded area) have been performed for different conditions (4 TgN perturbation instead of 1 TgN) in order to provide some insight into the non-linear behaviour of the system. Even if the model results differ in terms of magnitude of the response, sev ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.