Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... also studying, or at least making assumptions about, adaptation. Adaptation matters, reducing impacts in many cases, and frequently turning negative impacts positive; however, adaptation may also increase impacts, and turn positives into negatives (Rosenzweig and Parry, 1994; Darwin and Tol, 2001). ...
... also studying, or at least making assumptions about, adaptation. Adaptation matters, reducing impacts in many cases, and frequently turning negative impacts positive; however, adaptation may also increase impacts, and turn positives into negatives (Rosenzweig and Parry, 1994; Darwin and Tol, 2001). ...
Challenging Global Warming as a Social Problem
... In the early 1990s, social scientists began to study how social and political forces facilitated the construction of global warming as a legitimate social problem requiring ameliorative action. In explaining the variation in public attention to the issue of global warming, most early studies in the ...
... In the early 1990s, social scientists began to study how social and political forces facilitated the construction of global warming as a legitimate social problem requiring ameliorative action. In explaining the variation in public attention to the issue of global warming, most early studies in the ...
Untitled
... Firstly, it is now accepted that some degree of climate change is inevitable, even if atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases were dramatically curtailed. [FN36] Communities, regions, and economic sectors will therefore have to adapt to some degree of climate change. This is particularly pert ...
... Firstly, it is now accepted that some degree of climate change is inevitable, even if atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases were dramatically curtailed. [FN36] Communities, regions, and economic sectors will therefore have to adapt to some degree of climate change. This is particularly pert ...
Enabling environment for integrating disaster risk
... Cambodia: ‘How to Reduce Drought Risk’ tool, combined with the participatory rural appraisal tools, used to identify likely causes of recent droughts in Mekong region. Provides policy recommendations and a model for drought management at community level, as well as the framework for community-based ...
... Cambodia: ‘How to Reduce Drought Risk’ tool, combined with the participatory rural appraisal tools, used to identify likely causes of recent droughts in Mekong region. Provides policy recommendations and a model for drought management at community level, as well as the framework for community-based ...
El Niño – tracking a global climate phenomenon
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya
... during the late 20th century. They also found that the rate of decrease of minimum temperature is three times that of the rate of decrease of maximum temperature, indicating that the minimum temperature is the larger contributor to the cooling trend in the pre-monsoon mean temperature. The temperatu ...
... during the late 20th century. They also found that the rate of decrease of minimum temperature is three times that of the rate of decrease of maximum temperature, indicating that the minimum temperature is the larger contributor to the cooling trend in the pre-monsoon mean temperature. The temperatu ...
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... cm depth, followed by every 2 cm thereafter. For each interval, a minimum of 300 diatom valves was identified primarily to species level using a LEICA DMRB microscope equipped with Nomarski DIC optics under oil immersion at 1000X magnification. Taxonomy is based primarily upon Krammer and Lange-Bert ...
... cm depth, followed by every 2 cm thereafter. For each interval, a minimum of 300 diatom valves was identified primarily to species level using a LEICA DMRB microscope equipped with Nomarski DIC optics under oil immersion at 1000X magnification. Taxonomy is based primarily upon Krammer and Lange-Bert ...
Sustainability a cross-curriculum priority ACARA
... examining the similarities and differences between places within and outside Australia. The concept of place is developed through examining the major natural and human characteristics of Australia the Countries/Places of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and Australia's neighbouring cou ...
... examining the similarities and differences between places within and outside Australia. The concept of place is developed through examining the major natural and human characteristics of Australia the Countries/Places of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and Australia's neighbouring cou ...
An investigation into the impact of science communication and
... Climate Change Skepticism Scale. No statistically significant difference was identified in overall CCSS scores by level of cognitive strain, χ2(1)=0.335, p=0.563, with a mean rank score of 61.08 for the non-strained group and 64.83 for the strained group. No statistically significant difference was ...
... Climate Change Skepticism Scale. No statistically significant difference was identified in overall CCSS scores by level of cognitive strain, χ2(1)=0.335, p=0.563, with a mean rank score of 61.08 for the non-strained group and 64.83 for the strained group. No statistically significant difference was ...
Organisation strategy for Sweden`s cooperation with the Green
... comprises funds as authorised by the Riksdag. The strategy is guided by the Fund’s role as part of the financial mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with its overall objective to stabilise the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a lev ...
... comprises funds as authorised by the Riksdag. The strategy is guided by the Fund’s role as part of the financial mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with its overall objective to stabilise the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a lev ...
SENSING AND RESPONDING TO A CLIMATE CHANGE
... government. The example items were: "Adopt stress-resistant new crop varieties adaptive to climate changes (e.g., crops with drought tolerance, heat resistance and resistant to plant disease and insect pest)" for the microlevel of climate adaptation (farm management practices); and "Build up the spe ...
... government. The example items were: "Adopt stress-resistant new crop varieties adaptive to climate changes (e.g., crops with drought tolerance, heat resistance and resistant to plant disease and insect pest)" for the microlevel of climate adaptation (farm management practices); and "Build up the spe ...
the new climate message
... pretty good, and of choice between the two climate change paths. You don’t pull your looks decidedly punches here – lay out the unattractive. climate chaos we’re trying to avoid. People can actually listen to this now, because they are sitting in the life raft of a positive vision watching the Titan ...
... pretty good, and of choice between the two climate change paths. You don’t pull your looks decidedly punches here – lay out the unattractive. climate chaos we’re trying to avoid. People can actually listen to this now, because they are sitting in the life raft of a positive vision watching the Titan ...
Novel communities from climate change
... (otters and shrews, respectively), with increasing temperatures during the last decades. The hypothesized mechanism behind this was an increase in productivity over the whole ecosystem owing to increasing temperatures, which in turn facilitated an increase in species body size. Most of these excepti ...
... (otters and shrews, respectively), with increasing temperatures during the last decades. The hypothesized mechanism behind this was an increase in productivity over the whole ecosystem owing to increasing temperatures, which in turn facilitated an increase in species body size. Most of these excepti ...
Chapter 12 - Graduate Institute of International and Development
... domestic ratification by signatory countries. Because the Montreal Protocol and its revisions lead to frequent changes in the time frames for phasing out ODS and for encompassing new substances over time, some parties fear “obligation overload.” Therefore, the European Union suggested at the COP in ...
... domestic ratification by signatory countries. Because the Montreal Protocol and its revisions lead to frequent changes in the time frames for phasing out ODS and for encompassing new substances over time, some parties fear “obligation overload.” Therefore, the European Union suggested at the COP in ...
EOS CAR LA 2011 - Climate Action Reserve
... Montreal Protocol stops at production of CFCs and other ODS ...
... Montreal Protocol stops at production of CFCs and other ODS ...
Working Paper 136 - Dietz and Matei 2013 revised October 2014 (opens in new window)
... 5. Resource security More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
... 5. Resource security More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
EUR‐OCEANS Foresight workshop Rapid change in polar
... climate or oceanic changes or fisheries) and indirect changes (e.g. changes in prey abundance and distribution) affecting individual species and their interactions in the food webs. d. With increases in atmospheric CO2 major changes are expected in the carbonate cycle resulting in increasing acid ...
... climate or oceanic changes or fisheries) and indirect changes (e.g. changes in prey abundance and distribution) affecting individual species and their interactions in the food webs. d. With increases in atmospheric CO2 major changes are expected in the carbonate cycle resulting in increasing acid ...
Change is in the air
... South Africa covers less than 1% of the world’s land surface area and is home to nearly 10% of the world’s plant species, about 7% of the world’s vertebrates and 5.5% of all known insect diversity, making it a biodiversity treasure trove. South Africa’s biodiversity is a spellbinding natural draw ca ...
... South Africa covers less than 1% of the world’s land surface area and is home to nearly 10% of the world’s plant species, about 7% of the world’s vertebrates and 5.5% of all known insect diversity, making it a biodiversity treasure trove. South Africa’s biodiversity is a spellbinding natural draw ca ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Tourism in Spain
... number of nights spent by foreign visitors in Europe (Schmidt, 2005). Total revenues from tourism amounted to € 37 billion, or 13% of the national GDP in 2002 (INE, 2006). Furthermore, the sector employs over 2 million people, also around 13% of the national total (INE, 2006). The attractiveness of ...
... number of nights spent by foreign visitors in Europe (Schmidt, 2005). Total revenues from tourism amounted to € 37 billion, or 13% of the national GDP in 2002 (INE, 2006). Furthermore, the sector employs over 2 million people, also around 13% of the national total (INE, 2006). The attractiveness of ...
Nitrogen deposition
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering
... (IPCC) Working Group I released the Summary for Policymakers of the Fifth Assessment Report, which stated that ‘‘It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.’’ ‘‘Extremely likely’’ is defined as with a greater than 95% pr ...
... (IPCC) Working Group I released the Summary for Policymakers of the Fifth Assessment Report, which stated that ‘‘It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.’’ ‘‘Extremely likely’’ is defined as with a greater than 95% pr ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
The impact of high-end climate change on agricultural welfare
... potential positive impacts on welfare are typically distributed to producers who profit from increased demand driven by global population change and from rising agricultural prices. This, in turn, has an adverse effect on domestic prices because domestic marginal cost of production rises with augmen ...
... potential positive impacts on welfare are typically distributed to producers who profit from increased demand driven by global population change and from rising agricultural prices. This, in turn, has an adverse effect on domestic prices because domestic marginal cost of production rises with augmen ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.