April 2013 News - South Asian Dialogues on Ecological Democracy
... Researchers at Columbia Engineering and Boston University have developed the first method to map evaporation globally using weather stations, which will help scientists evaluate water resource management, assess recent trends of evaporation throughout the globe, and validate surface hydrologic model ...
... Researchers at Columbia Engineering and Boston University have developed the first method to map evaporation globally using weather stations, which will help scientists evaluate water resource management, assess recent trends of evaporation throughout the globe, and validate surface hydrologic model ...
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue
... fossil fuels and the rate at which we are burning these fossil deposits makes all the difference in the world. We are releasing back to the atmosphere over a few centuries the carbon dioxide that took millions of years to bury in the first place. Although such burial is going Canopy ...
... fossil fuels and the rate at which we are burning these fossil deposits makes all the difference in the world. We are releasing back to the atmosphere over a few centuries the carbon dioxide that took millions of years to bury in the first place. Although such burial is going Canopy ...
- Energy
... and culture can be far more important than biophysical impacts in identifying and defining the levels of vulnerability and the differential abilities of population groups to adapt to environmental change. This emphasis on human dimensions of vulnerability is particularly prominent in large-scale ‘‘pl ...
... and culture can be far more important than biophysical impacts in identifying and defining the levels of vulnerability and the differential abilities of population groups to adapt to environmental change. This emphasis on human dimensions of vulnerability is particularly prominent in large-scale ‘‘pl ...
chapter conduct a cl mate change vulnerab l ty assessment
... CONDUCT A CLIMATE RESILIENCY STUDY ...
... CONDUCT A CLIMATE RESILIENCY STUDY ...
Climate Change and Paleoecology: New Contexts for Restoration
... Of particular interest is the warming of the twentieth century. During the preceding fourcentury-long Little Ice Age, temperatures in western North America were on average 1°C colder than present; glaciers in many western North American mountain ranges were at their greatest extent since the end of ...
... Of particular interest is the warming of the twentieth century. During the preceding fourcentury-long Little Ice Age, temperatures in western North America were on average 1°C colder than present; glaciers in many western North American mountain ranges were at their greatest extent since the end of ...
climate change and the mediterranean region
... has reaffirmed the magnitude of the looming threat. In 1996, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)2 reported for the first time that past emissions appear to have had “a discernible influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a). The IPCC further found that, if current trends in emissions ...
... has reaffirmed the magnitude of the looming threat. In 1996, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)2 reported for the first time that past emissions appear to have had “a discernible influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a). The IPCC further found that, if current trends in emissions ...
impact of climate change on the management of district heating
... ❚❚ surface albedo2: a surface such as snow has a high albedo, as it reflects almost all the solar energy hitting the surface and thereby prevents daytime heating of the air near the ground; ❚❚ atmospheric particles (or aerosols): these absorb and reflect solar radiation. Their mean effect tends to r ...
... ❚❚ surface albedo2: a surface such as snow has a high albedo, as it reflects almost all the solar energy hitting the surface and thereby prevents daytime heating of the air near the ground; ❚❚ atmospheric particles (or aerosols): these absorb and reflect solar radiation. Their mean effect tends to r ...
Recent Changes in Arctic Vegetation
... Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. 2004). The NDVI data sets were resampled to 25-km resolution for comparisons ...
... Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. 2004). The NDVI data sets were resampled to 25-km resolution for comparisons ...
Recent Changes in Arctic Vegetation
... Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. 2004). The NDVI data sets were resampled to 25-km resolution for comparisons ...
... Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. 2004). The NDVI data sets were resampled to 25-km resolution for comparisons ...
... 3.1. Analyses of uncertainties, changes of mean climate vs. interannual variability This section assesses the uncertainties associated with climate projections of seasonal temperature and precipitation over southern South America by the end of 21st century. The objective is to identify how robust is ...
Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850–2080 from the
... [Scheff and Frierson, 2014]. Though the actual LH and SH are usually different from those with an assumed saturated water vapor at the surface, their sum is conserved for a given Rn G because LH + SH = Rn G. 2.2. CESM Data and Analysis We use the CESM-LME simulations for 850–2005 [Otto-Bliesner ...
... [Scheff and Frierson, 2014]. Though the actual LH and SH are usually different from those with an assumed saturated water vapor at the surface, their sum is conserved for a given Rn G because LH + SH = Rn G. 2.2. CESM Data and Analysis We use the CESM-LME simulations for 850–2005 [Otto-Bliesner ...
Proceedings Report - Government of New Brunswick
... In adopting a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Atlantic Canada, the Council of Atlantic Environment Ministers recognizes the significance of climate change and the need to support and encourage adaptive measures particularly with respect to coastal areas and inland water impacts in the Atlanti ...
... In adopting a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Atlantic Canada, the Council of Atlantic Environment Ministers recognizes the significance of climate change and the need to support and encourage adaptive measures particularly with respect to coastal areas and inland water impacts in the Atlanti ...
Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia Climate
... Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of positive summer trend. Negative spring precipitation trend weakened in the area of Hvar. Prec ...
... Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of positive summer trend. Negative spring precipitation trend weakened in the area of Hvar. Prec ...
Climate Regulation and the Limits of Cost
... However, the science does not produce fine-grained predictions with a high level of confidence. It is possible to predict that the median global temperature will rise but not that temperatures or rainfall will be disrupted in a crucial agricultural region. Yet the latter information is necessary fo ...
... However, the science does not produce fine-grained predictions with a high level of confidence. It is possible to predict that the median global temperature will rise but not that temperatures or rainfall will be disrupted in a crucial agricultural region. Yet the latter information is necessary fo ...
Problems with making and governing global kinds of knowledge
... discourse of much global environmental change research can also be found through the erasure of difference in how the environment – or, in the case considered here, climate – gets valued. Economists of course see it as their unique role to reduce heterodox and incommensurate human values to uniform ...
... discourse of much global environmental change research can also be found through the erasure of difference in how the environment – or, in the case considered here, climate – gets valued. Economists of course see it as their unique role to reduce heterodox and incommensurate human values to uniform ...
Novel communities from climate change
... (otters and shrews, respectively), with increasing temperatures during the last decades. The hypothesized mechanism behind this was an increase in productivity over the whole ecosystem owing to increasing temperatures, which in turn facilitated an increase in species body size. Most of these excepti ...
... (otters and shrews, respectively), with increasing temperatures during the last decades. The hypothesized mechanism behind this was an increase in productivity over the whole ecosystem owing to increasing temperatures, which in turn facilitated an increase in species body size. Most of these excepti ...
Out of the Maze Montreal Protocol, Climate Benefits
... the Montreal Protocol to finding significant, near-term reductions in emissions that are many times more potent climate forcers than carbon dioxide. Because the Montreal Protocol was undertaken to save the ozone layer, some will argue that we should not use the treaty in any other way. But protectin ...
... the Montreal Protocol to finding significant, near-term reductions in emissions that are many times more potent climate forcers than carbon dioxide. Because the Montreal Protocol was undertaken to save the ozone layer, some will argue that we should not use the treaty in any other way. But protectin ...
Impacts of climate change on land-based sectors and
... regional climate system and exploration of the range of plausible future climate scenarios. Adaptive primary sector management also needs estimates of impacts guided by the scenarios across primary production planning timeframes, localities and production systems. This knowledge will support a bette ...
... regional climate system and exploration of the range of plausible future climate scenarios. Adaptive primary sector management also needs estimates of impacts guided by the scenarios across primary production planning timeframes, localities and production systems. This knowledge will support a bette ...
Global Climate Science, Uncertainty and Politics: Data
... different US government agencies, hovers near $1.8 billion (US Global Change Research Program, 1998). Although the USGCRP covers many areas in addition to atmospheric science, a large num ber of these—including oceanography, ecology, agriculture, and for est studies—are linked via the question of ho ...
... different US government agencies, hovers near $1.8 billion (US Global Change Research Program, 1998). Although the USGCRP covers many areas in addition to atmospheric science, a large num ber of these—including oceanography, ecology, agriculture, and for est studies—are linked via the question of ho ...
Costing Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Estimates and Approaches
... There has been an increasing trend in the occurrence of natural disasters and climate change will aggravate the devastating impacts of disasters. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, partial estimates of the economic impact of a temperature increase of 2.5°C (a mid-range value ...
... There has been an increasing trend in the occurrence of natural disasters and climate change will aggravate the devastating impacts of disasters. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, partial estimates of the economic impact of a temperature increase of 2.5°C (a mid-range value ...
nullius in verba - The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... of the perversion not only of The Royal Society but of science itself, wherein the legitimate role of science as a powerful mode of inquiry is replaced by the pretence of science to a position of political authority. The simple chronology speaks for itself, though one cannot read it without thinking ...
... of the perversion not only of The Royal Society but of science itself, wherein the legitimate role of science as a powerful mode of inquiry is replaced by the pretence of science to a position of political authority. The simple chronology speaks for itself, though one cannot read it without thinking ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
Gulf Coast Wetland Sustainability in a Changing Climate
... Foreword Eileen Claussen, President, Pew Center on Global Climate Change In 2007, the science of climate change achieved an unfortunate milestone: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reached a consensus position that human-induced global warming is already causing physical and biological ...
... Foreword Eileen Claussen, President, Pew Center on Global Climate Change In 2007, the science of climate change achieved an unfortunate milestone: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reached a consensus position that human-induced global warming is already causing physical and biological ...
Untitled
... Firstly, it is now accepted that some degree of climate change is inevitable, even if atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases were dramatically curtailed. [FN36] Communities, regions, and economic sectors will therefore have to adapt to some degree of climate change. This is particularly pert ...
... Firstly, it is now accepted that some degree of climate change is inevitable, even if atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases were dramatically curtailed. [FN36] Communities, regions, and economic sectors will therefore have to adapt to some degree of climate change. This is particularly pert ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.