individual perceptions of climate risks
... were a wake-up call for governments, communities and businesses, alerting them of the need to better understand and prepare for climate risks. These events triggered AXA to intensify its research and modeling work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the re ...
... were a wake-up call for governments, communities and businesses, alerting them of the need to better understand and prepare for climate risks. These events triggered AXA to intensify its research and modeling work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the re ...
Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast
... models, together with the multi-model ensemble mean (solid black line) and standard deviation (dotted black line). Models with more than one ensemble member are indicated with an asterisk. Inset shows 9-year running means. ...
... models, together with the multi-model ensemble mean (solid black line) and standard deviation (dotted black line). Models with more than one ensemble member are indicated with an asterisk. Inset shows 9-year running means. ...
Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast
... models, together with the multi-model ensemble mean (solid black line) and standard deviation (dotted black line). Models with more than one ensemble member are indicated with an asterisk. Inset shows 9-year running means. ...
... models, together with the multi-model ensemble mean (solid black line) and standard deviation (dotted black line). Models with more than one ensemble member are indicated with an asterisk. Inset shows 9-year running means. ...
Temporary storage of carbon in the biosphere does have value for
... biosphere. He concludes that temporary storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere ‘‘achieves effectively no climate-change mitigation’’ (Kirschbaum 2006, p. 1161) and hence should not generate carbon credits under national or international agreements to mitigate the impacts of greenhouse gas emi ...
... biosphere. He concludes that temporary storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere ‘‘achieves effectively no climate-change mitigation’’ (Kirschbaum 2006, p. 1161) and hence should not generate carbon credits under national or international agreements to mitigate the impacts of greenhouse gas emi ...
Noel L. Bankston - Old Dominion University
... French physicist Joseph Fourier first suggested that the Earth’s atmosphere might act as an insulator in 1824 (National Research Council, 2012). His proposal led to the term greenhouse effects. In 1850, Irish-born physicist John Tyndall, demonstrated the greenhouse effect by showing that water vapor ...
... French physicist Joseph Fourier first suggested that the Earth’s atmosphere might act as an insulator in 1824 (National Research Council, 2012). His proposal led to the term greenhouse effects. In 1850, Irish-born physicist John Tyndall, demonstrated the greenhouse effect by showing that water vapor ...
Sensitivity of the oceanic carbon reservoir to tropical surface wind
... oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . Furthermore, vertical transport within the ocean determines the nutrient supply to marine ecosystems, which plays an important role in the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and the surface ocean via the biological pump. [3] All of the aforementioned processe ...
... oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . Furthermore, vertical transport within the ocean determines the nutrient supply to marine ecosystems, which plays an important role in the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and the surface ocean via the biological pump. [3] All of the aforementioned processe ...
Climate change in Australia | Monsoonal North cluster report
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2
... the atmosphere, also termed the land use intensity, is particularly important for land-based NETs (Fig. 3A). The land use intensity of BECCS is quite high, with values ranging from ~1-1.7 ha/tCeq./yr where forest residues are used as the BE feedstock, ~0.6 ha/ tCeq./yr for agricultural residues, and ...
... the atmosphere, also termed the land use intensity, is particularly important for land-based NETs (Fig. 3A). The land use intensity of BECCS is quite high, with values ranging from ~1-1.7 ha/tCeq./yr where forest residues are used as the BE feedstock, ~0.6 ha/ tCeq./yr for agricultural residues, and ...
What do realists think about climate change?
... states go to war, and how states respond to potential threats. The threat of climate change, however, is relatively new. Climate change has become a major talking point on the international political agenda. Scientists have agreed that the burning of fossil fuels into the atmosphere and global defor ...
... states go to war, and how states respond to potential threats. The threat of climate change, however, is relatively new. Climate change has become a major talking point on the international political agenda. Scientists have agreed that the burning of fossil fuels into the atmosphere and global defor ...
new zealand`s greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2013 snapshot
... continues to improve the efficiency of its agricultural production, which resulted in a decreasing intensity of emissions from the agriculture sector. When considering atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, CO2 presents a long term challenge because it persists in the atmosphere for thousan ...
... continues to improve the efficiency of its agricultural production, which resulted in a decreasing intensity of emissions from the agriculture sector. When considering atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, CO2 presents a long term challenge because it persists in the atmosphere for thousan ...
Climate research Africa - Deutsches Klima Konsortium
... future Africa. However, specific and precise knowledge about ...
... future Africa. However, specific and precise knowledge about ...
Chapter 4 Impact of Climate Change on Low Islands The Tarawa
... further depletion of reef fisheries, failure of the reef to act as an effective buffer of wave energy, and increased island instability as sediment resources decline. The economic losses of coral reef degradation attributed to climate change would be in the order of US$200,000– $500,000 a year prima ...
... further depletion of reef fisheries, failure of the reef to act as an effective buffer of wave energy, and increased island instability as sediment resources decline. The economic losses of coral reef degradation attributed to climate change would be in the order of US$200,000– $500,000 a year prima ...
'Sensitivity of climate change detection and attribution to the characterization of internal climate variability'
... data set to test the sensitivity of the results to the addition of the last seven years of obser- ...
... data set to test the sensitivity of the results to the addition of the last seven years of obser- ...
Averchenkova, Stern and Zenghelis policy paper December 2014 (opens in new window)
... range from historical cumulative emissions to relative capabilities based on GDP levels. Much of this debate, however, has proven divisive and often resulted in the search for a minimum acceptable level of individual action. We therefore begin by examining the limitations of these approaches by ques ...
... range from historical cumulative emissions to relative capabilities based on GDP levels. Much of this debate, however, has proven divisive and often resulted in the search for a minimum acceptable level of individual action. We therefore begin by examining the limitations of these approaches by ques ...
Environmental refugees: The impact of climate change on emigration
... impact of an altered climate (Nordås and Gleditsch 2007). When the climate changes, this in turn directly affects the country as a whole. Climate change also influences multiple political and economic characteristics of a state. Climatic change might affect both economic (e.g., unemployment) and pol ...
... impact of an altered climate (Nordås and Gleditsch 2007). When the climate changes, this in turn directly affects the country as a whole. Climate change also influences multiple political and economic characteristics of a state. Climatic change might affect both economic (e.g., unemployment) and pol ...
Publication - World Vision International
... the period from June to September. Sharing from the local showed that there have been significant changes in frequency, magnitude and intensity of natural disaster hazards during current years, resulting bad effects to the living environment as well as livelihood of the local people in Hai Phong. Ob ...
... the period from June to September. Sharing from the local showed that there have been significant changes in frequency, magnitude and intensity of natural disaster hazards during current years, resulting bad effects to the living environment as well as livelihood of the local people in Hai Phong. Ob ...
A spatiotemporal analysis of US station temperature trends over the
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
SEACAMd
... But proper training in using/running these models are missing. Appreciate if you can conduct a training in Southeast Asia ...” ...
... But proper training in using/running these models are missing. Appreciate if you can conduct a training in Southeast Asia ...” ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.