The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... regulate carbon dioxide (CO2) has led to “actual” and “imminent” harm, mainly in the form of rising sea levels along the state’s coast. The ruling also noted “the harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized” (Pew, 2007). As other governments such as the United States add ...
... regulate carbon dioxide (CO2) has led to “actual” and “imminent” harm, mainly in the form of rising sea levels along the state’s coast. The ruling also noted “the harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized” (Pew, 2007). As other governments such as the United States add ...
Predicting future oceans: climate
... ecosystems. Moreover, as the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere is altered through continued CO2 emissions, so too will there be demonstrable changes in the chemistry of the oceans. Evidence of increased ocean acidification and decreasing oxygen, both of which are critical factors that influence ma ...
... ecosystems. Moreover, as the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere is altered through continued CO2 emissions, so too will there be demonstrable changes in the chemistry of the oceans. Evidence of increased ocean acidification and decreasing oxygen, both of which are critical factors that influence ma ...
The science of climate change in Africa: impacts and
... uncertainty. The application of the concept of resilience is similar in many respects to the approach that has been long used in the face of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis: • It begins with anticipation, surveying and forecasting of the likely stresses or shocks. • It moves to de ...
... uncertainty. The application of the concept of resilience is similar in many respects to the approach that has been long used in the face of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis: • It begins with anticipation, surveying and forecasting of the likely stresses or shocks. • It moves to de ...
Future development in extreme one-hour precipitation over Europe
... events corresponding to return periods at or exceeding the 30-years simulated data used to represent both the present and future climate. Figure 7 essentially means that the probability of the climate factor being larger than one is 68% for return periods between 2 and 20 years, and lower for higher ...
... events corresponding to return periods at or exceeding the 30-years simulated data used to represent both the present and future climate. Figure 7 essentially means that the probability of the climate factor being larger than one is 68% for return periods between 2 and 20 years, and lower for higher ...
Marine Climate Change in Australia
... with urbanization (Coleman et al. 2008, Connell et al. 2008). Similarly, changes to the distribution and abundance of fishes in southeastern Tasmania have been attributed to a combination of climate change and fishing pressure (Last et al. 2011). While all of these changes have been observed over a ...
... with urbanization (Coleman et al. 2008, Connell et al. 2008). Similarly, changes to the distribution and abundance of fishes in southeastern Tasmania have been attributed to a combination of climate change and fishing pressure (Last et al. 2011). While all of these changes have been observed over a ...
Time series analyses reveal possible responses by the lichen
... I, thallus WC and T, using thalli collected at the same time and from the same site as for the ...
... I, thallus WC and T, using thalli collected at the same time and from the same site as for the ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... the weakening of the atmospheric circulation (Vecchi and Soden 2007a; Meehl et al. 2007), reducing ocean dynamical cooling in the east Pacific, which, along with and other atmospheric feedbacks (Knutson and Manabe 1995; Meehl and Washington 1996), would result in a larger SST response in the east. H ...
... the weakening of the atmospheric circulation (Vecchi and Soden 2007a; Meehl et al. 2007), reducing ocean dynamical cooling in the east Pacific, which, along with and other atmospheric feedbacks (Knutson and Manabe 1995; Meehl and Washington 1996), would result in a larger SST response in the east. H ...
Peak globalization: Climate change, oil depletion and global trade
... roll-off modes) and communications, and (3) the low cost of labor in developing nations, made accessible by both trade liberalization and the new technologies (Dicken, 2007). However, the growth in global exports has just as significantly been supported by a massive physical infrastructure of roads, ...
... roll-off modes) and communications, and (3) the low cost of labor in developing nations, made accessible by both trade liberalization and the new technologies (Dicken, 2007). However, the growth in global exports has just as significantly been supported by a massive physical infrastructure of roads, ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disasters
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a special report on extreme events and disasters in 2012 (IPCC SREX). In this report, IPCC assessed the impact of climate change on extreme events and the consequences of these events for the society and the environment as well as the imp ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a special report on extreme events and disasters in 2012 (IPCC SREX). In this report, IPCC assessed the impact of climate change on extreme events and the consequences of these events for the society and the environment as well as the imp ...
Assessing the Effect of Rising Temperatures
... and East North Central see the largest median rise in electricity expenditures. To meet increasing demand for space cooling and offset supply-side losses due to temperature-related efficiency pentalities, total electricity generation will likely increase by 2-4% under RCP 8.5 when compared to a “his ...
... and East North Central see the largest median rise in electricity expenditures. To meet increasing demand for space cooling and offset supply-side losses due to temperature-related efficiency pentalities, total electricity generation will likely increase by 2-4% under RCP 8.5 when compared to a “his ...
Evolution in response to climate change
... provide good reasons to believe the power of natural selection may result in local adaptation, and hence, also for adaptation to climate change, we tend to forget that synchronic studies exclude an unknown fraction of populations which have failed to adapt and become extinct. In contrast, allochroni ...
... provide good reasons to believe the power of natural selection may result in local adaptation, and hence, also for adaptation to climate change, we tend to forget that synchronic studies exclude an unknown fraction of populations which have failed to adapt and become extinct. In contrast, allochroni ...
Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation
... over the past 100 years [26]. This trend is projected to continue with an additional national average rise in temperature of between 0.2 to 28C expected by 2040, and 0.7 to 5.18C temperature rises expected by 2090 [25]. There are a number of approaches to study the impact of climate on biota includi ...
... over the past 100 years [26]. This trend is projected to continue with an additional national average rise in temperature of between 0.2 to 28C expected by 2040, and 0.7 to 5.18C temperature rises expected by 2090 [25]. There are a number of approaches to study the impact of climate on biota includi ...
Slide 1
... Swiadek JW. 1997. The impacts of Hurricane Andrew on mangrove coasts in southern Florida: a review. Journal of coastal research:242–245. Tovilla-Hernández C, Espino de la Lanza G, and Orihuela-Belmonte DE. 2001. Impact of logging on a mangrove swamp in south Mexico: cost/benefit analysis. Rev Biol T ...
... Swiadek JW. 1997. The impacts of Hurricane Andrew on mangrove coasts in southern Florida: a review. Journal of coastal research:242–245. Tovilla-Hernández C, Espino de la Lanza G, and Orihuela-Belmonte DE. 2001. Impact of logging on a mangrove swamp in south Mexico: cost/benefit analysis. Rev Biol T ...
2011 Duffy
... The islands of Pacific Oceania face unprecedented anthropogenic climate change within this century. Rising sea levels, increasing ocean acidification, warming land and sea temperatures, increasing droughts, and changes in the frequency and intensity of storms are likely to reorder or destroy ecosyst ...
... The islands of Pacific Oceania face unprecedented anthropogenic climate change within this century. Rising sea levels, increasing ocean acidification, warming land and sea temperatures, increasing droughts, and changes in the frequency and intensity of storms are likely to reorder or destroy ecosyst ...
Do international factors influence the passage of climate change
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production, while vulnerable countries are taking steps to prepare for the impacts of ...
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production, while vulnerable countries are taking steps to prepare for the impacts of ...
CAN Europe response to: Consultation on market
... Combined ICAO and EU action must ensure emissions reductions in line with the long-term goals agreed in Paris. The EU must set aviation sector targets in line with Paris if ICAO establishes a GMBM: ...
... Combined ICAO and EU action must ensure emissions reductions in line with the long-term goals agreed in Paris. The EU must set aviation sector targets in line with Paris if ICAO establishes a GMBM: ...
PAK-INDC
... Universally eulogized as a panacea for global warming by limiting the global temperature increase to between 1.5 – 2.0 degrees Centigrade, the landmark Paris Agreement will enter into force on November 04, 2016, a month after the 55/55 ratification threshold was reached. Pakistan’s ratification is a ...
... Universally eulogized as a panacea for global warming by limiting the global temperature increase to between 1.5 – 2.0 degrees Centigrade, the landmark Paris Agreement will enter into force on November 04, 2016, a month after the 55/55 ratification threshold was reached. Pakistan’s ratification is a ...
Agricultural production, food security, climate change, rainfall
... Thornton, 2002). Available evidences showed that Nigeria is already being plagued with diverse ecological problems which have been directly linked to the on-going climate change (Adefolalu, 2007; Ikhile, 2007). The southern ecological zone of Nigeria largely known for high rainfall is currently conf ...
... Thornton, 2002). Available evidences showed that Nigeria is already being plagued with diverse ecological problems which have been directly linked to the on-going climate change (Adefolalu, 2007; Ikhile, 2007). The southern ecological zone of Nigeria largely known for high rainfall is currently conf ...
Opportunities and risks of climate change
... sounds harmless, and there are some who will obviously benefit from it. However, such climatic anomalies can threaten the very existence of others, and the aggregate of the consequences can assume the proportions of natural catastrophes, as the “summer of the century” in 1995 demonstrated in England ...
... sounds harmless, and there are some who will obviously benefit from it. However, such climatic anomalies can threaten the very existence of others, and the aggregate of the consequences can assume the proportions of natural catastrophes, as the “summer of the century” in 1995 demonstrated in England ...
Burden Sharing and Fairness Principles in International
... so, what are they? Second, could these principles serve as useful keys to distributing commitments among parties in future climate policy negotiations? Scholarly interest in the relationship of fairness principles to burden sharing formulas is based on two basic assumptions. One assumption is that t ...
... so, what are they? Second, could these principles serve as useful keys to distributing commitments among parties in future climate policy negotiations? Scholarly interest in the relationship of fairness principles to burden sharing formulas is based on two basic assumptions. One assumption is that t ...
Biomes_Notes_from_Online-Long_Version
... KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth’s four interconnected systems. The biosphere is the part of Earth where life exists. Within the biosphere is a collection of living things called the biota. The biosphere is connected to three other Earth systems: • the hydrosphere, which includes all of Ear ...
... KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth’s four interconnected systems. The biosphere is the part of Earth where life exists. Within the biosphere is a collection of living things called the biota. The biosphere is connected to three other Earth systems: • the hydrosphere, which includes all of Ear ...
Nippon Foundation-Nereus Report "Predicting Future Oceans"
... ecosystems. Moreover, as the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere is altered through continued CO2 emissions, so too will there be demonstrable changes in the chemistry of the oceans. Evidence of increased ocean acidification and decreasing oxygen, both of which are critical factors that influence ma ...
... ecosystems. Moreover, as the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere is altered through continued CO2 emissions, so too will there be demonstrable changes in the chemistry of the oceans. Evidence of increased ocean acidification and decreasing oxygen, both of which are critical factors that influence ma ...
Chapter 5
... mainland in 2071-2100 will, compared to now, have some 35-40 more days with a maximum daily temperature of 35ºC or more, while even greater will be the increase (by around 50 at the national level) in the number of tropical nights (when minimum temperatures do not fall below 20ºC). On the other hand ...
... mainland in 2071-2100 will, compared to now, have some 35-40 more days with a maximum daily temperature of 35ºC or more, while even greater will be the increase (by around 50 at the national level) in the number of tropical nights (when minimum temperatures do not fall below 20ºC). On the other hand ...
Carbon Dynamics in the Future Forest: the Importance
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.