The Impact of Climate Change and Climate Variability on Haze Occurrences in Malaysia/Southeast Asia
... 1997 – 2006, there were two major fires (1997/98, 2006) and two minor episodes (2002, 2004) based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). According to Field et al. (2009), prior to 1997 there were no high-quality or continuous records of fires. Thus in their study, the so-called monthly mean e ...
... 1997 – 2006, there were two major fires (1997/98, 2006) and two minor episodes (2002, 2004) based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). According to Field et al. (2009), prior to 1997 there were no high-quality or continuous records of fires. Thus in their study, the so-called monthly mean e ...
2.0 air quality, climate and climate change
... The variability of the earth’s climate has been the subject of much debate over the past decade as a result of the observation that emissions of air pollutants (greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances) from human activity have had an observable effect on the chemical composition of the earth ...
... The variability of the earth’s climate has been the subject of much debate over the past decade as a result of the observation that emissions of air pollutants (greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances) from human activity have had an observable effect on the chemical composition of the earth ...
TOL/Yohe
... Low estimates for the cost of climate change policy • Anderson‘s Analysis lacks the possible effects of higher energy prices, which will reduce energy demand w/o climate policies. (overestimating the costs) • Does not include the impacts on economic growth (underestimating) • Not include impacts on ...
... Low estimates for the cost of climate change policy • Anderson‘s Analysis lacks the possible effects of higher energy prices, which will reduce energy demand w/o climate policies. (overestimating the costs) • Does not include the impacts on economic growth (underestimating) • Not include impacts on ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... amplitude is significantly higher during the Maunder Minimum cold than during the 21st century warm period. ENSO-driven anomalies in global air-sea CO2 flux and marine productivity are two to three times lower, and ocean tracer anomalies are generally weaker in the 21st century. Significant changes are ...
... amplitude is significantly higher during the Maunder Minimum cold than during the 21st century warm period. ENSO-driven anomalies in global air-sea CO2 flux and marine productivity are two to three times lower, and ocean tracer anomalies are generally weaker in the 21st century. Significant changes are ...
Greenhouse Gases
... Materiality is a concept used in accounting and auditing to minimise time spent verifying amounts and figures that do not impact a company’s accounts or inventory in a material way. The exact materiality threshold that is used in greenhouse gas emissions accounting and auditing is subjective and dep ...
... Materiality is a concept used in accounting and auditing to minimise time spent verifying amounts and figures that do not impact a company’s accounts or inventory in a material way. The exact materiality threshold that is used in greenhouse gas emissions accounting and auditing is subjective and dep ...
The Character of Climate Change in Ligatne and
... Empirical observations allow identifying the key regularities and changes in the climate system. The longest climatic observation data series are of special significance to obtain precise information on the climate system state, its development and changes. The climate change is obviously global iss ...
... Empirical observations allow identifying the key regularities and changes in the climate system. The longest climatic observation data series are of special significance to obtain precise information on the climate system state, its development and changes. The climate change is obviously global iss ...
Cambodia - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... GCMs (Global Climate Models), RCMs (Regional Climate Models), downscaling techniques (both empirical and statistical), and several comprehensive reviews are available on the subject. GCMs are our primary source of information about future climate. They comprise simplified but systematically rigorous ...
... GCMs (Global Climate Models), RCMs (Regional Climate Models), downscaling techniques (both empirical and statistical), and several comprehensive reviews are available on the subject. GCMs are our primary source of information about future climate. They comprise simplified but systematically rigorous ...
Climate Change and Rice - Wageningen UR E
... Models of the dynamics of the atmosphere of the earth, known as general circulation models or GCMs, predict that with increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global climate change is likely (Hansen et al. 1984). Because predicted climate change may have enormous effects on Japanese ...
... Models of the dynamics of the atmosphere of the earth, known as general circulation models or GCMs, predict that with increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global climate change is likely (Hansen et al. 1984). Because predicted climate change may have enormous effects on Japanese ...
Growing disruption: Climate change, food, and the fight against hunger
... Climate change is a potent risk multiplier in agriculture. Whilst carbon fertilisation and certain climatic changes could benefit some crops in some regions of the world, its overall impacts are expected to be negative, threatening global food security.13 Slow-onset changes, such as gradual increase ...
... Climate change is a potent risk multiplier in agriculture. Whilst carbon fertilisation and certain climatic changes could benefit some crops in some regions of the world, its overall impacts are expected to be negative, threatening global food security.13 Slow-onset changes, such as gradual increase ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... values for the general defaults and more disaggregated activity data characterized by relatively smaller uncertainties; Tier 3: Higher order methods involving detailed modeling and/or inventory measurement systems driven by data at a greater resolution that provide estimates with lower uncertainties ...
... values for the general defaults and more disaggregated activity data characterized by relatively smaller uncertainties; Tier 3: Higher order methods involving detailed modeling and/or inventory measurement systems driven by data at a greater resolution that provide estimates with lower uncertainties ...
Executive Summary - Overseas Development Institute
... and delivery of successful outcomes are critical in building consensus on the imperative to take action in response to climate change. The funds reviewed in this report have approved about $1 billion a year since 2008 and overall levels of approved finance have increased rapidly in recent years (see ...
... and delivery of successful outcomes are critical in building consensus on the imperative to take action in response to climate change. The funds reviewed in this report have approved about $1 billion a year since 2008 and overall levels of approved finance have increased rapidly in recent years (see ...
Climate change beliefs and perceptions of weather
... Public perception research in different countries has suggested that real and perceived periods of high temperature strengthen people’s climate change beliefs. Such findings raise questions about the climate change beliefs of people in regions with moderate climates. Relatively little is known about ...
... Public perception research in different countries has suggested that real and perceived periods of high temperature strengthen people’s climate change beliefs. Such findings raise questions about the climate change beliefs of people in regions with moderate climates. Relatively little is known about ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... levels, tidal surges, salinity intrusion and ocean acidification are causing serious negative impacts on the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in Bangladesh, and are gradually offsetting the remarkable socio-economic development gained over the past 30 years, as well as jeopardising future ...
... levels, tidal surges, salinity intrusion and ocean acidification are causing serious negative impacts on the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in Bangladesh, and are gradually offsetting the remarkable socio-economic development gained over the past 30 years, as well as jeopardising future ...
national sweater day - WWF
... If all Canadians lowered their thermostats by just two degrees Celsius, it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about four megatons — the same as shutting down one 600 megawatt coal-fired power station. That’s why we’re turning down the heat on February 2nd. Don’t forget your sweater! Heating m ...
... If all Canadians lowered their thermostats by just two degrees Celsius, it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about four megatons — the same as shutting down one 600 megawatt coal-fired power station. That’s why we’re turning down the heat on February 2nd. Don’t forget your sweater! Heating m ...
Impacts of leaf phenology and water table on interannual variability
... • Interannual variation (IAV) in carbon fluxes from land to atmosphere is significant at the ecosystem scale, but we know little as we scale to the region – Regional fluxes are hard to observe and model but we’ve made progress – Still: IAV (years-decade) is currently poorly observed and modeled, whi ...
... • Interannual variation (IAV) in carbon fluxes from land to atmosphere is significant at the ecosystem scale, but we know little as we scale to the region – Regional fluxes are hard to observe and model but we’ve made progress – Still: IAV (years-decade) is currently poorly observed and modeled, whi ...
The Demographic Implications of Climate Change for Aotearoa New
... times (Diamond, 1997). The key difference is that current patterns of global climate change, i.e. those occurring since the industrial revolution, are different from those observed in the past, and are generally accepted as caused by human activity (Hegerl et al., 2007). For instance, the Fourth Ass ...
... times (Diamond, 1997). The key difference is that current patterns of global climate change, i.e. those occurring since the industrial revolution, are different from those observed in the past, and are generally accepted as caused by human activity (Hegerl et al., 2007). For instance, the Fourth Ass ...
Ocean Currents and Climate - History Programs
... thing scientists recognized was how winds passing over the oceans brought moisture and warmth to neighboring lands. Those who sought explanations for climate change included sea changes in their long list of possible causes, and some made this the linchpin. For example, in 1897 a geologist pointed o ...
... thing scientists recognized was how winds passing over the oceans brought moisture and warmth to neighboring lands. Those who sought explanations for climate change included sea changes in their long list of possible causes, and some made this the linchpin. For example, in 1897 a geologist pointed o ...
Weather, Climate, and Worldviews: The Sources
... in Al Gore’s film An Inconvenient Truth). But other dimensions of weather—notably patterns of precipitation that result in droughts and floods—are of great importance in characterizations of climate change and may also act as potent signals to individuals about larger trends in climate. Therefore a ...
... in Al Gore’s film An Inconvenient Truth). But other dimensions of weather—notably patterns of precipitation that result in droughts and floods—are of great importance in characterizations of climate change and may also act as potent signals to individuals about larger trends in climate. Therefore a ...
joint submission - The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
... its effects.10, 11 While severe weather events affect rich and poor countries alike, poor and vulnerable communities are worst affected. Since 2008, close to 175 million people who live in developing countries have been displaced by disasters, accounting for 95 per cent of ...
... its effects.10, 11 While severe weather events affect rich and poor countries alike, poor and vulnerable communities are worst affected. Since 2008, close to 175 million people who live in developing countries have been displaced by disasters, accounting for 95 per cent of ...
'A spaciotemporal analysis of U.S. station temperature trends over the last century
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
EU cities and regions leading the way against climate change
... Senator of the City of Rostock (Germany), Presidents of Climate Alliance An international climate agreement can only be successful if all levels of government work closely together. The over 1,700 member cities of Climate Alliance show in their everyday work that local authorities hold the solutions ...
... Senator of the City of Rostock (Germany), Presidents of Climate Alliance An international climate agreement can only be successful if all levels of government work closely together. The over 1,700 member cities of Climate Alliance show in their everyday work that local authorities hold the solutions ...
PDF
... variables used in the binary logistic model. Table 2 presents the results of the estimated model. The estimated model indicated classification rates of 85.4% for no adaptation, 90.6% for adaptation and an overall classification rate of 88.7%. These results indicate the degree of accuracy of the mode ...
... variables used in the binary logistic model. Table 2 presents the results of the estimated model. The estimated model indicated classification rates of 85.4% for no adaptation, 90.6% for adaptation and an overall classification rate of 88.7%. These results indicate the degree of accuracy of the mode ...
CRS Report for Congress Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
... Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specified, legally binding reductions in emissions of six “greenhouse gases.” The Protocol entered into force on Februar ...
... Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specified, legally binding reductions in emissions of six “greenhouse gases.” The Protocol entered into force on Februar ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... recent greenhouse gas levels far exceed previous levels (‘The combined radiative forcing due to increases in carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide is +2.30 [+2.07 to +2.53] W m−2 , and its rate of increase during the industrial era is very likely to have been unprecedented in more than 10,000 y ...
... recent greenhouse gas levels far exceed previous levels (‘The combined radiative forcing due to increases in carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide is +2.30 [+2.07 to +2.53] W m−2 , and its rate of increase during the industrial era is very likely to have been unprecedented in more than 10,000 y ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.