Carbon-nitrogen interactions regulate climate
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
Diabetes and Climate Change Report
... and survival of our planet and its ecosystems, and thus humans. There is now unequivocal evidence for humaninduced climate change. The process of industrialisation has led to widespread increases in the use of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases (mostly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphe ...
... and survival of our planet and its ecosystems, and thus humans. There is now unequivocal evidence for humaninduced climate change. The process of industrialisation has led to widespread increases in the use of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases (mostly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphe ...
The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability
... clusion can be drawn from the reconstructions; i.e. the deviation in average winter temperature was not unusual during the SPM. While the centennial-scale climate variability informs mainly about the influence of the prolonged total solar irradiance (TSI) minimum during the SPM, interannual to decad ...
... clusion can be drawn from the reconstructions; i.e. the deviation in average winter temperature was not unusual during the SPM. While the centennial-scale climate variability informs mainly about the influence of the prolonged total solar irradiance (TSI) minimum during the SPM, interannual to decad ...
LCCARl405_en.pdf
... affected by indirect environmental changes in water availability, biodiversity loss, reductions in agricultural output, the increased frequency and intensity of natural hazards, coastal inundation resulting in damage to coastal infrastructure and the increased incidence of vector-borne diseases. The ...
... affected by indirect environmental changes in water availability, biodiversity loss, reductions in agricultural output, the increased frequency and intensity of natural hazards, coastal inundation resulting in damage to coastal infrastructure and the increased incidence of vector-borne diseases. The ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation. A pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability that shifts between a cool (negative) phase and warm (positive) phase on a 20-30 year time scale. ...
... Pacific Decadal Oscillation. A pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability that shifts between a cool (negative) phase and warm (positive) phase on a 20-30 year time scale. ...
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle
... will often reduce evapotranspiration and its cooling effect and thereby causes a positive local feedback on warming (e.g. Seneviratne et al., 2010; Teuling et al., 2010; Mueller & Seneviratne, 2012; Peng et al., 2014). Regional assessments clearly indicate the relevance of climate extremes on the ca ...
... will often reduce evapotranspiration and its cooling effect and thereby causes a positive local feedback on warming (e.g. Seneviratne et al., 2010; Teuling et al., 2010; Mueller & Seneviratne, 2012; Peng et al., 2014). Regional assessments clearly indicate the relevance of climate extremes on the ca ...
Chapter 9 Climate Research and Climate Politics in Germany
... science and politics (see section 4.2). However, the most effective and far-reaching way coupling was again achieved through hybrid institutions, two Enquête Commissions (EK) on the “Protection of the Earth's Atmosphere”. Enquête commissions are elements peculiar to the German political system. The ...
... science and politics (see section 4.2). However, the most effective and far-reaching way coupling was again achieved through hybrid institutions, two Enquête Commissions (EK) on the “Protection of the Earth's Atmosphere”. Enquête commissions are elements peculiar to the German political system. The ...
Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Viti Levu (Fiji) and Aitutaki
... proposals, were supported by the AIACC project with funding, technical assistance, mentoring and training. The network of AIACC regional teams also assisted each other through collaborations to share methods, data, climate change scenarios and expertise. More than 340 scientists, experts and student ...
... proposals, were supported by the AIACC project with funding, technical assistance, mentoring and training. The network of AIACC regional teams also assisted each other through collaborations to share methods, data, climate change scenarios and expertise. More than 340 scientists, experts and student ...
Deceitful Tongues: Is Climate Change Denial A Crime?
... The consequences of global warming and associated climate changes are now apparent. No longer can there be any doubt that anthropogenic (humancaused) warming of the Earth is happening, caused mainly by greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, from burning fossil fuels. Climate change pose ...
... The consequences of global warming and associated climate changes are now apparent. No longer can there be any doubt that anthropogenic (humancaused) warming of the Earth is happening, caused mainly by greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, from burning fossil fuels. Climate change pose ...
A PRIMER ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN THE
... Resilience refers to the capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing ...
... Resilience refers to the capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing ...
PDF Fulltext
... has been done to represent the relationship between climatic change and its response to the economy of Pakhiralaya and Rangabelia. Trend of Climatic Change The climate of the whole world is changing gradually and Sunderban region is not the exceptional one. If we give stress on the general climatic ...
... has been done to represent the relationship between climatic change and its response to the economy of Pakhiralaya and Rangabelia. Trend of Climatic Change The climate of the whole world is changing gradually and Sunderban region is not the exceptional one. If we give stress on the general climatic ...
PDF
... Examples of crop models currently used include: CERES-Maize (Jones and Kiniry, 1986), CERES-Wheat (Ritchie and Otter, 1985), SOYGRO (Wilkerson et aL, 1985), and EPIC (Williams et aL, 1984). ...
... Examples of crop models currently used include: CERES-Maize (Jones and Kiniry, 1986), CERES-Wheat (Ritchie and Otter, 1985), SOYGRO (Wilkerson et aL, 1985), and EPIC (Williams et aL, 1984). ...
Supporting decision-making for effective adaptation
... Information on future climate change derived from climate models is a fundamental building block of adaptation decision-making. Some of the sources of uncertainty in future climate change projections are: ...
... Information on future climate change derived from climate models is a fundamental building block of adaptation decision-making. Some of the sources of uncertainty in future climate change projections are: ...
Indonesia Second National Communication Under The United
... experiencing negative growth rates each year since with the exception of 2000. Among the non-oil and gas sectors, agriculture has continued to play an important role. It is a sector that was significantly less affected by the AFC, and indeed helped the recovery of Indonesian economy after the crisis ...
... experiencing negative growth rates each year since with the exception of 2000. Among the non-oil and gas sectors, agriculture has continued to play an important role. It is a sector that was significantly less affected by the AFC, and indeed helped the recovery of Indonesian economy after the crisis ...
PDF
... projecting global food supply, food demand, and food security to 2020 and beyond.4 It analyzes 32 crop and livestock commodities in 281 regions of the world that together cover the earth’s land surface (with the exception of Antarctica). These regions are called food production units (FPUs). Product ...
... projecting global food supply, food demand, and food security to 2020 and beyond.4 It analyzes 32 crop and livestock commodities in 281 regions of the world that together cover the earth’s land surface (with the exception of Antarctica). These regions are called food production units (FPUs). Product ...
From obscurity to action - Liu Institute for Global Issues
... central conclusions in the 2007 IPCC report, or the unanimity of support from scientists around the world. Indeed, in a critical development insofar as security is concerned, scientists are now concluding that the IPCC—even in the worst-case emission scenarios—underestimated many aspects of climate ...
... central conclusions in the 2007 IPCC report, or the unanimity of support from scientists around the world. Indeed, in a critical development insofar as security is concerned, scientists are now concluding that the IPCC—even in the worst-case emission scenarios—underestimated many aspects of climate ...
Ecological and methodological drivers of species` distribution and
... within a population may lead to very different estimates of climate change response rates. For example, single individuals may by chance have extreme responses (Brown et al., 2011), and measurements using single individuals are susceptible to detection biases (Cook et al., 2012; Bates et al., 2015). ...
... within a population may lead to very different estimates of climate change response rates. For example, single individuals may by chance have extreme responses (Brown et al., 2011), and measurements using single individuals are susceptible to detection biases (Cook et al., 2012; Bates et al., 2015). ...
Adaptation Planning and Climate Impact Assessments: Learning From NEPA’s Flaws
... information technology to make all of the EIS documents easily available and connected with geographic information systems. Public access should be a priority for adaptation assessment. • The inadequate treatment of uncertainty in impact statements. This is a key issue for adaptation because of the ...
... information technology to make all of the EIS documents easily available and connected with geographic information systems. Public access should be a priority for adaptation assessment. • The inadequate treatment of uncertainty in impact statements. This is a key issue for adaptation because of the ...
Solar influences on Climate
... Understanding the role of variability in solar activity is essential for the interpretation of past climate and prediction of the future. In the past, although much had been written on relationships between sunspot numbers and the weather, the topic of solar influences on climate was often disregard ...
... Understanding the role of variability in solar activity is essential for the interpretation of past climate and prediction of the future. In the past, although much had been written on relationships between sunspot numbers and the weather, the topic of solar influences on climate was often disregard ...
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change
... 2050 (Figure 5). Cities consume as much as 80 percent of energy production worldwide and account for a roughly equal share of global ...
... 2050 (Figure 5). Cities consume as much as 80 percent of energy production worldwide and account for a roughly equal share of global ...
Responses of reference evapotranspiration to changes in
... Changes in stomatal resistance in response to increased CO2 concentration were not evaluated, nor were the changes in wind velocity and solar radiation. Different scenarios were used for estimation of future ETo in different river basins as a consequence of trends in the maximum and minimum temperat ...
... Changes in stomatal resistance in response to increased CO2 concentration were not evaluated, nor were the changes in wind velocity and solar radiation. Different scenarios were used for estimation of future ETo in different river basins as a consequence of trends in the maximum and minimum temperat ...
Impacts of future climate change on soil frost in the midwestern
... 1. Introduction [2] At global and regional scales, long‐term changes in climate have been observed. In 2005, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported a sharp increase in global average air temperatures, at a rate of 0.18°C per decade since 1976, with most of the warming attributed to the ...
... 1. Introduction [2] At global and regional scales, long‐term changes in climate have been observed. In 2005, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported a sharp increase in global average air temperatures, at a rate of 0.18°C per decade since 1976, with most of the warming attributed to the ...
Guidance to the interaction between POPs and climate change and
... frequency and severity of ozone-depletion in the Arctic, as well as cloudiness and extent of snow and ice cover (ACIA 2005). The UV-radiation levels are increasing due to increased ozone-depletion, and the exposure of biota to UV-radiation increases because of decreasing ice- and snow cover in the A ...
... frequency and severity of ozone-depletion in the Arctic, as well as cloudiness and extent of snow and ice cover (ACIA 2005). The UV-radiation levels are increasing due to increased ozone-depletion, and the exposure of biota to UV-radiation increases because of decreasing ice- and snow cover in the A ...
W How to Take A R T I C L E S
... and global sea level has risen in a manner consistent with ocean expansion due to warming, as well as the global melting of alpine glaciers. The warming atmosphere is now holding more water vapor, sea ice retreat in the Arctic has been unprecedented, and even the large polar ice sheets are now losin ...
... and global sea level has risen in a manner consistent with ocean expansion due to warming, as well as the global melting of alpine glaciers. The warming atmosphere is now holding more water vapor, sea ice retreat in the Arctic has been unprecedented, and even the large polar ice sheets are now losin ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.