Supply-side climate policy: the road less taken
... The combustion of fossil fuels is by far the largest human source of global greenhouse gas emissions, releasing more than 30 billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere each year (IPCC 2014). Reducing fossil fuel combustion is thus a top priority for climate policy. For decades, policy-makers and int ...
... The combustion of fossil fuels is by far the largest human source of global greenhouse gas emissions, releasing more than 30 billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere each year (IPCC 2014). Reducing fossil fuel combustion is thus a top priority for climate policy. For decades, policy-makers and int ...
a report on kenya*s stakeholders consultative workshop on GREEN
... The larger portion of this report is the proceedings and outcomes of Phase one as described above. NEMA, in a demonstration of how responsive its management is, internally allocated resources to facilitate a government wide consultative workshop, for setting the climate change intervention prioritie ...
... The larger portion of this report is the proceedings and outcomes of Phase one as described above. NEMA, in a demonstration of how responsive its management is, internally allocated resources to facilitate a government wide consultative workshop, for setting the climate change intervention prioritie ...
trees on the move - the National Sea Grant Library
... and predicting future climates has intensified as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased. Since there are so many physical processes responsible for the structure and variation of climate, scientists have constructed mathematical models to predict future climates. The most freq ...
... and predicting future climates has intensified as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased. Since there are so many physical processes responsible for the structure and variation of climate, scientists have constructed mathematical models to predict future climates. The most freq ...
Present-day and future Antarctic ice sheet climate and surface mass
... independent estimates of AIS SMB. When forced by two CMIP5 climate change scenarios (high mitigation scenario RCP2.6 and high-emission scenario RCP8.5), CESM projects an increase of Antarctic ice sheet SMB of about 70 Gt year −1 per degree warming. This increase is driven by enhanced snowfall, whic ...
... independent estimates of AIS SMB. When forced by two CMIP5 climate change scenarios (high mitigation scenario RCP2.6 and high-emission scenario RCP8.5), CESM projects an increase of Antarctic ice sheet SMB of about 70 Gt year −1 per degree warming. This increase is driven by enhanced snowfall, whic ...
LLoyd's Science of Risk Conference Booklet 2012
... greater understanding of how industrial pollution particles, known as aerosols, interact with clouds, a process which was largely neglected in previous climate model studies. Indeed, we find that industrial particle-cloud interactions account for 80% or more of their total impact on Atlantic tempera ...
... greater understanding of how industrial pollution particles, known as aerosols, interact with clouds, a process which was largely neglected in previous climate model studies. Indeed, we find that industrial particle-cloud interactions account for 80% or more of their total impact on Atlantic tempera ...
Chapter 19
... Carbon Disclosure Project. Greenhouse Gas Emissions By the World’s 500 Largest Companies. http://www.cdproject.net/ ...
... Carbon Disclosure Project. Greenhouse Gas Emissions By the World’s 500 Largest Companies. http://www.cdproject.net/ ...
Do the stock markets price climate change risks?
... The Earth’s climate is affected by several factors, among which solar radiation, land cover, and the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. GHGs are important as they affect the amount of solar energy that is trapped on Earth and that is reflected back to the space. Typical greenhouse ...
... The Earth’s climate is affected by several factors, among which solar radiation, land cover, and the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. GHGs are important as they affect the amount of solar energy that is trapped on Earth and that is reflected back to the space. Typical greenhouse ...
Mean Annual Precipitation Explains - CURVE
... taxa in response to northern warming [34,35]. Projections (i.e. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) for the next 100 years predict levels of global warming similar to the middle Miocene (+ 6uC) 2 a time of reduced or absent perennial Arctic glaciation [36,37] 2 or warmer (+11uC for the most extre ...
... taxa in response to northern warming [34,35]. Projections (i.e. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) for the next 100 years predict levels of global warming similar to the middle Miocene (+ 6uC) 2 a time of reduced or absent perennial Arctic glaciation [36,37] 2 or warmer (+11uC for the most extre ...
Clare Palmer, “Does Nature Matter? The Place of the Nonhuman in
... this doesn’t always get us directly to the position that climate change causes harm. And it’s this that I want to explore further. As even my very superficial study here will indicate, the ways in which human-originating climate change are likely to affect the nonhuman world generate puzzling and dif ...
... this doesn’t always get us directly to the position that climate change causes harm. And it’s this that I want to explore further. As even my very superficial study here will indicate, the ways in which human-originating climate change are likely to affect the nonhuman world generate puzzling and dif ...
Will sea-level really fall in the Gulf of Thailand?
... Rate of sea-level changes due to climate changes vary according to latitudes: namely (i) in high and middle latitudes, successive glacial, interglacial and interstadial conditions occur with significant sea-level rises, and (ii) in low latitudes, successive humid and arid conditions occur with small ...
... Rate of sea-level changes due to climate changes vary according to latitudes: namely (i) in high and middle latitudes, successive glacial, interglacial and interstadial conditions occur with significant sea-level rises, and (ii) in low latitudes, successive humid and arid conditions occur with small ...
Biogeosciences
... While BC is a post-processing step that is a widely applied for climate change impact (CCI) studies, there are several known issues. One concern is that most studies that use BC GCM/RCM data without adequate quantification of the effects of BC, thereby introducing additional uncertainties (Ehret et ...
... While BC is a post-processing step that is a widely applied for climate change impact (CCI) studies, there are several known issues. One concern is that most studies that use BC GCM/RCM data without adequate quantification of the effects of BC, thereby introducing additional uncertainties (Ehret et ...
Chapter 4
... private individuals, organizations or corporations are not governed by international law, but by the law of contracts — either as applied in the territory of the contracting State or as otherwise specified in the contract itself. Aside from these requirements, however, the only limitation on the sco ...
... private individuals, organizations or corporations are not governed by international law, but by the law of contracts — either as applied in the territory of the contracting State or as otherwise specified in the contract itself. Aside from these requirements, however, the only limitation on the sco ...
Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and
... data as a function of temperature shows how other variables influence ozone at a given temperature. This relationship between the location statistics (e.g., the 50th or 75th percentile values) and temperature reveals a consistently strong dependence of ozone on temperature, regardless of where the d ...
... data as a function of temperature shows how other variables influence ozone at a given temperature. This relationship between the location statistics (e.g., the 50th or 75th percentile values) and temperature reveals a consistently strong dependence of ozone on temperature, regardless of where the d ...
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia
... [28] Reconstructions of hemispheric mean temperatures over roughly the past two millennia employing proxy surface temperature data networks with sufficient spatial and seasonal sampling, temporal resolution, and retention of millennial-scale variance, support previous conclusions with regard to the ...
... [28] Reconstructions of hemispheric mean temperatures over roughly the past two millennia employing proxy surface temperature data networks with sufficient spatial and seasonal sampling, temporal resolution, and retention of millennial-scale variance, support previous conclusions with regard to the ...
Warm-air advection, air mass transformation and fog causes rapid
... We show results using α = 60% ± 10%—reasonable estimates of the mean, lower, and upper bounds from reviewing webcam images [e.g., Perovich et al., 2002]. Albedo variations depended mostly on melt ponds and snow on the ice; open water was rare at this time. Downwelling longwave radiation was larger t ...
... We show results using α = 60% ± 10%—reasonable estimates of the mean, lower, and upper bounds from reviewing webcam images [e.g., Perovich et al., 2002]. Albedo variations depended mostly on melt ponds and snow on the ice; open water was rare at this time. Downwelling longwave radiation was larger t ...
PDF
... Although the simplicity of the southwards shift in temperate agriculture is conceptually appealing, and forms a handy simplifying assumption when aggregating impacts, nonetheless simulation and projection studies todate paint a more complex spatial story for Australia (Howden and Jones 2001, 2004; H ...
... Although the simplicity of the southwards shift in temperate agriculture is conceptually appealing, and forms a handy simplifying assumption when aggregating impacts, nonetheless simulation and projection studies todate paint a more complex spatial story for Australia (Howden and Jones 2001, 2004; H ...
Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas
... Climate change has been acknowledged as the greatest natural threat facing the planet today. ...
... Climate change has been acknowledged as the greatest natural threat facing the planet today. ...
Synthesis paper: Perspectives on Loss and Damage
... show there are serious limitations in our ability to assess even current values, let alone attribute these to recent changes in climate. In some cases, there are recent decadal trends that can be picked through observations, e.g. increases in annual temperature rise, ...
... show there are serious limitations in our ability to assess even current values, let alone attribute these to recent changes in climate. In some cases, there are recent decadal trends that can be picked through observations, e.g. increases in annual temperature rise, ...
Aalborg Universitet
... experiencing too much rainfall which might result in floods while other areas receive less and inconsistent rainfall, which might result in droughts (Hulme et al, 2005). The IPCC’s regional scenarios for Africa for the next century indicate that East Africa could receive more rain while southern Afr ...
... experiencing too much rainfall which might result in floods while other areas receive less and inconsistent rainfall, which might result in droughts (Hulme et al, 2005). The IPCC’s regional scenarios for Africa for the next century indicate that East Africa could receive more rain while southern Afr ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance
... of interest relate to the storage and movement of energy, including the exchanges among the climate system components (atmosphere, ocean, land and cryosphere) and the changes in phase state, especially of ...
... of interest relate to the storage and movement of energy, including the exchanges among the climate system components (atmosphere, ocean, land and cryosphere) and the changes in phase state, especially of ...
Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to
... The studies on anthropogenic climate change performed in the last decade over Europe show consistent projections of increases in temperature and different patterns of precipitation with widespread increases in northern Europe and decreases over parts of southern and eastern Europe. In many countries ...
... The studies on anthropogenic climate change performed in the last decade over Europe show consistent projections of increases in temperature and different patterns of precipitation with widespread increases in northern Europe and decreases over parts of southern and eastern Europe. In many countries ...
p130-155 chp5eng - Arab Forum for Environment and
... The dominant agricultural system in Arab countries is rainfed agriculture, with the total irrigated area in the Arab world being less than 28 percent (FAO, 2008b). Therefore, annual agricultural productivity and food security are highly correlated to the annual variability of precipitation, which ha ...
... The dominant agricultural system in Arab countries is rainfed agriculture, with the total irrigated area in the Arab world being less than 28 percent (FAO, 2008b). Therefore, annual agricultural productivity and food security are highly correlated to the annual variability of precipitation, which ha ...
US Climate Change Policy Under President Clinton
... world. It is a strategy that, if properly implemented, will create a wealth of new opportunities for entrepreneurs at home, uphold our leadership abroad, and harness the power of free markets to free our planet from an unacceptable risk; a strategy consistent with our commitment to reject false choi ...
... world. It is a strategy that, if properly implemented, will create a wealth of new opportunities for entrepreneurs at home, uphold our leadership abroad, and harness the power of free markets to free our planet from an unacceptable risk; a strategy consistent with our commitment to reject false choi ...
s1|2008 protected areas and biodiversity conservation special issue
... situ biodiversity conservation against the background of emerging climate change. PAs can exemplify progress in climate change mitigation and adaptation. What role do PA managers – and their risk perception and response – play in this context? A global survey with biosphere reserve (BR) managers inv ...
... situ biodiversity conservation against the background of emerging climate change. PAs can exemplify progress in climate change mitigation and adaptation. What role do PA managers – and their risk perception and response – play in this context? A global survey with biosphere reserve (BR) managers inv ...
The Climate Change Tort Suits
... – Where states do not have authority to issue permits, EPA may do so directly – States still can use lower thresholds if they prove adequate permitting resources to do so ...
... – Where states do not have authority to issue permits, EPA may do so directly – States still can use lower thresholds if they prove adequate permitting resources to do so ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.