FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Cross
... and F). Although less well documented, benthic invertebrates other than corals are also at risk (Przeslawski et al., 2008). Fish biodiversity is threatened by the permanent degradation of coral reefs, including in a marine reserve (Jones et al., 2004). Future impacts of climate-related drivers (ocea ...
... and F). Although less well documented, benthic invertebrates other than corals are also at risk (Przeslawski et al., 2008). Fish biodiversity is threatened by the permanent degradation of coral reefs, including in a marine reserve (Jones et al., 2004). Future impacts of climate-related drivers (ocea ...
Ethics as the grounding of a new paradigm of ecological
... • Global temperature has risen by nearly 0.7°C since 1950, mostly due to CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. • Boundary: atmospheric concentration no higher than 350 ppm CO2. • Current: 400 ppm CO2 and rising. • Future: OECD projections based on current use are 685 ppm. • Must keep under 450 ppm to ...
... • Global temperature has risen by nearly 0.7°C since 1950, mostly due to CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. • Boundary: atmospheric concentration no higher than 350 ppm CO2. • Current: 400 ppm CO2 and rising. • Future: OECD projections based on current use are 685 ppm. • Must keep under 450 ppm to ...
VSO and Climate Change
... Community-based adaptation VSO’s priority will be to work on community-based adaptation, work whose primary objective is to improve the capacity of local communities to adapt to climate change impacts. This community-level work builds on VSO’s experience and strengths in assessing and working to red ...
... Community-based adaptation VSO’s priority will be to work on community-based adaptation, work whose primary objective is to improve the capacity of local communities to adapt to climate change impacts. This community-level work builds on VSO’s experience and strengths in assessing and working to red ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
... change are implemented now, the earth’s climate will continue changing over the short to medium term, due to lag effects of temperature in response to the build-up of CO2 already in the atmosphere. This will result in significant impacts, particularly in the marine and coastal environments. Measures ...
... change are implemented now, the earth’s climate will continue changing over the short to medium term, due to lag effects of temperature in response to the build-up of CO2 already in the atmosphere. This will result in significant impacts, particularly in the marine and coastal environments. Measures ...
Working Paper 7: Climate Change and Agriculture: Analysis of
... (Hassan, 2008). Given that agricultural production in Africa relies mainly on rainfall (with less than 4 percent of cultivated land under irrigation, World Bank, 2008), such fluctuations expose African agriculture to frequent production uncertainties. In recent years, nearly all African governments ...
... (Hassan, 2008). Given that agricultural production in Africa relies mainly on rainfall (with less than 4 percent of cultivated land under irrigation, World Bank, 2008), such fluctuations expose African agriculture to frequent production uncertainties. In recent years, nearly all African governments ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
... though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
... though they are experiencing rising temperatures. Yellow-bellied marmots, for example, are coming out of hibernation more than a month earlier than they used to. ...
Extension Agents` Awareness of Climate Change in
... To cite this article: Dagmawi M. Abegaz & Padraig Wims (2014): Extension Agents' Awareness of Climate Change in Ethiopia, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, DOI: ...
... To cite this article: Dagmawi M. Abegaz & Padraig Wims (2014): Extension Agents' Awareness of Climate Change in Ethiopia, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, DOI: ...
A bitter cup: climate change profile of global production of Arabica
... Most coffee is produced from two species. Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora var. Robusta) accounts for 30 % of global production (USDA 2012). It is generally more heat tolerant, but is more susceptible to low temperatures than Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) (Wintgens 2009), which accounts for the re ...
... Most coffee is produced from two species. Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora var. Robusta) accounts for 30 % of global production (USDA 2012). It is generally more heat tolerant, but is more susceptible to low temperatures than Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) (Wintgens 2009), which accounts for the re ...
Using the Kyoto Protocol as a stepping stone.
... The great danger in ET of the “hot air” has shown not to be serious for the carbon market – countries have only been willing to buy it when it is connected with a Green Investment Scheme (GIS). Until now about 275 MtCO2 has been sold by Russia, Ukraine and the Eastern European countries [102]. In a ...
... The great danger in ET of the “hot air” has shown not to be serious for the carbon market – countries have only been willing to buy it when it is connected with a Green Investment Scheme (GIS). Until now about 275 MtCO2 has been sold by Russia, Ukraine and the Eastern European countries [102]. In a ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... range, though there can be noticeable impacts on the economy and ecology of the region and the surrounding lowlands. The analysis of the accuracy of the RCMs and the impacts of climate change over the region are addressed considering the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution p ...
... range, though there can be noticeable impacts on the economy and ecology of the region and the surrounding lowlands. The analysis of the accuracy of the RCMs and the impacts of climate change over the region are addressed considering the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution p ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... range, though there can be noticeable impacts on the economy and ecology of the region and the surrounding lowlands. The analysis of the accuracy of the RCMs and the impacts of climate change over the region are addressed considering the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution p ...
... range, though there can be noticeable impacts on the economy and ecology of the region and the surrounding lowlands. The analysis of the accuracy of the RCMs and the impacts of climate change over the region are addressed considering the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution p ...
Toward Extreme Weather and Climate Resilience in the Region of
... examples of vulnerability and risk analysis methods being used to develop actionable strategies for increasing resilience to priority impacts of climate change and extreme weather with respect to two very di ...
... examples of vulnerability and risk analysis methods being used to develop actionable strategies for increasing resilience to priority impacts of climate change and extreme weather with respect to two very di ...
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... consumption is deemed better than another if and only if it generates a higher sum of utilities discounted by a constant per period discount factor δ, where δ is positive and smaller than one. In spite of its prevalence, DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justified a ...
... consumption is deemed better than another if and only if it generates a higher sum of utilities discounted by a constant per period discount factor δ, where δ is positive and smaller than one. In spite of its prevalence, DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justified a ...
decadal climate variability, predictability and prediction
... initialization of coupled general circulation models with the best estimates of the current observed state of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, and land surface – a state influenced both by the current phases of modes of natural variability and by the accumulated impacts to date of anthropogenic r ...
... initialization of coupled general circulation models with the best estimates of the current observed state of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, and land surface – a state influenced both by the current phases of modes of natural variability and by the accumulated impacts to date of anthropogenic r ...
Briefing Paper: Climate Change and Health
... While industrial countries have started to protect themselves by developing adaptation interventions, middle income countries have only limited such capabilities and low income countries are hardly capable of doing this at all. The latter however will carry the main burden of the change although the ...
... While industrial countries have started to protect themselves by developing adaptation interventions, middle income countries have only limited such capabilities and low income countries are hardly capable of doing this at all. The latter however will carry the main burden of the change although the ...
Methane, the Gakkel Ridge and human survival.
... Earth it could not be called a rare occurrence. I have selected one of these events to illustrate what happens, Fig. 5. It shows in three graphs the relationship between methane, carbon dioxide and temperature. Time is measured from left to right. First there is a steep jump in CO2 without much impa ...
... Earth it could not be called a rare occurrence. I have selected one of these events to illustrate what happens, Fig. 5. It shows in three graphs the relationship between methane, carbon dioxide and temperature. Time is measured from left to right. First there is a steep jump in CO2 without much impa ...
Does adaptation to climate change provide food security? A micro-perspective from Ethiopia: Working Paper 19 (334 kB) (opens in new window)
... rain-fed agriculture, sub-Saharan Africa’s development prospects have been closely associated with climate. For instance, the World Bank reported that droughts and floods have reduced Ethiopia’s economic growth by more than a third. Climate change is projected to further reduce food production (Rose ...
... rain-fed agriculture, sub-Saharan Africa’s development prospects have been closely associated with climate. For instance, the World Bank reported that droughts and floods have reduced Ethiopia’s economic growth by more than a third. Climate change is projected to further reduce food production (Rose ...
Jack, Jill, and Jane in a Perfect Moral Storm
... Stephen Gardiner and others have challenged this analogy.5 Some of the charges involve claims to the effect that the stakes are much lower in the Jack and Jill case than in the climate change case; that our contributions to climate change involve collective endeavors and not only individual actions; ...
... Stephen Gardiner and others have challenged this analogy.5 Some of the charges involve claims to the effect that the stakes are much lower in the Jack and Jill case than in the climate change case; that our contributions to climate change involve collective endeavors and not only individual actions; ...
city-level climate change adaptation strategies: the case of quito
... metres. Seismic activity is also intense. Quito’s landscape is characterised by steep slopes, ravines and gorges. Recurrent floods, earthquakes and landslides cause extensive damage, particularly in informal settlements which are located on steep hillsides or in the urban periphery. Over 670,000 peo ...
... metres. Seismic activity is also intense. Quito’s landscape is characterised by steep slopes, ravines and gorges. Recurrent floods, earthquakes and landslides cause extensive damage, particularly in informal settlements which are located on steep hillsides or in the urban periphery. Over 670,000 peo ...
Assessing Public Transportation Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study Application
... to research, practical applications such as the Gulf Coast Study Phase 1 (U.S. DOT 2011a) focused on the process of identifying regional climate change impacts and developing risk assessment tools for use by transportation planners. In continuation of the research, the Gulf Coast Study Phase 2 inclu ...
... to research, practical applications such as the Gulf Coast Study Phase 1 (U.S. DOT 2011a) focused on the process of identifying regional climate change impacts and developing risk assessment tools for use by transportation planners. In continuation of the research, the Gulf Coast Study Phase 2 inclu ...
Four Case Studies in the United States
... There are likely to be increasing risks and costs from future climate change. The impacts of future climate change are likely to become greater as climate continues to change. There will likely be more loss of wetlands, higher risk to human life and property from stronger storms and hurricanes in t ...
... There are likely to be increasing risks and costs from future climate change. The impacts of future climate change are likely to become greater as climate continues to change. There will likely be more loss of wetlands, higher risk to human life and property from stronger storms and hurricanes in t ...
Strategies for Climate Change and Impression
... performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their industrial activities (e.g., Cowan and Deegan 2011; Dawkins and Fraas 2010; Hrasky 2012; Prado-Lorenz ...
... performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their industrial activities (e.g., Cowan and Deegan 2011; Dawkins and Fraas 2010; Hrasky 2012; Prado-Lorenz ...
PDF
... generally used to mean reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources such as power stations or agricultural production. Its primary aim is to mitigate or reduce the contribution of anthropogenic greenhouse emissions to their total atmospheric concentrations. ...
... generally used to mean reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources such as power stations or agricultural production. Its primary aim is to mitigate or reduce the contribution of anthropogenic greenhouse emissions to their total atmospheric concentrations. ...
vulnerability analysis to climate change in the caribbean belize
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.